1. KENT RIDGE SECONDARY SCHOOL
CLASS TEST 2011
COMBINED HUMANITIES (GEOGRAPHY) 2193/2
SEC 4 NORMAL (ACADEMIC)
45mins
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Name: ___________________________( ) Class: Sec __________
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your name, class and index number clearly in the spaces at the top of this page
provided.
Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so.
Answer all the questions in the space provided.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part of
question.
The total mark for this paper is 20.
This Question Paper consists of 4 printed pages, including this page.
Setter: Mr Mohd Taib [Turn over

2. Answer all questions.
1. (a) Study Fig. 1 which shows some indicators of development in four countries.
Source: Nov O Level paper, 2006
Fig. 1
State which country is the most developed and support your answer with
information from Fig.1 [4]
Most developed country – Japan [1]
Reasons
 Japan has the highest GNP per head at US$38160. Citizens
have the highest income earned and strong purchasing power.
[1]
 Japan has the highest HDI at 92.8 - people enjoy a high
standard of living and a higher quality of life [1]
 Large expenditure on education – skilled labour drives the
Economy- 3.5% of their GNP is invested in education [1]
 Low percentage employed in agriculture – emphasis on
secondary and tertiary sectors [1]
 Access to doctors – good medical care at 1.9 doctors per 1000
people shows that the people have access to medical facilities
[1]
[Any 3 reasons]

3. (b) Fig. 2 shows the percentage of labour employed in different sectors of the
economy in different countries.
Fig. 2
(i) Using information from Fig. 2, complete the following table. [6]
Country % of labour force employed in the
Primary Secondary Tertiary
Industry Industry Industry
(%) (%) (%)
France 6 29 65
Indonesia
60 12 28
[1] per correct percentage- maximum of 6 marks

4. (ii) Japan and Indonesia has different level of development and it is
obvious that Japan is more developed based on the employment
structure in the three industries-[1]
- Japan has greater (58% to 28%) number of workers in the higher
skilled tertiary industry than Indonesia-[1]
- Japan has higher (34% to 12%) number of workers in the higher
skilled secondary industry than Indonesia-[1]
- Indonesia has more (60% to 8%) number of workers in the lower
skilled primary industry-[1]
(iii) Labour from countries in Group B has been known to move to
countries in Group A. Suggest possible reasons for this movement of
labour. [5]
Push factors of B(Developing/ Poorer/ Periphery)
 Lack of employment opportunities, especially in secondary
and tertiary sectors [1]
 Lower income/salaries and lower standard of living [1]
 Lack of work facilities, working conditions – lack of
agricultural land, poor infrastructure like roads, water
supplies etc [1]
 Instability due to war, conflicts [1]
Pull factors towards A (Developed/Richer/Core)
 More opportunities for higher education and skills training [1]
 Better working or living conditions in the urban areas [1]
 Better health facilities in towns and cities [1]
Maximum of 5 marks from both push and pull factors
(c) Explain how physical and political factors can affect the development of a
country negatively. [5]
Physical factors
Presence of highlands and desert lands
 Highlands and mountains present barriers to the building of
thriving settlements which require flat and lower land areas [1]
 Dry deserts too present obstacles in making it difficult for
transport and communication for the poorer countries
Climate
 Extreme cold conditions make it unbearable to people to set up
settlements in those places so there is little progress in the living
conditions of people there [1]
 Climatic disasters like floods, can also affect development of
countries. LDCs are usually more vulnerable to floods than DCs

5. because LDCs lack sufficient money and resources to control
floods as well as to rebuild areas damaged by floods. Hence,
when floods occur in an LDC, it takes longer time for country to
recover, which slow down development. [1]
Political factors
Political Conflict
 The goals of development include how economic benefits can be
more evenly distributed to improve the quality of life of the
population. Whether a country achieves these goals depends
largely on the government and its policies. This is called
governance. [1]
 One of the reasons for the uneven development between DCs and
LDCs is the occurrence of political conflicts in many LDCs. Lack
of political stability deters investors from setting up businesses
in these countries. [1]
 A fair and just government creates a stable and peaceful
environment for businesses to develop and carry out their
operations. [1]
Leadership
 Govt who are inefficient and not development oriented will not be
able to meet the needs and aspirations of their people. [1]
 Govt that are corrupt and misuse the nation’s revenues and
resources will further put the country in deficit position and this
will affect the country from having funds to improve their
infrastructure and thus lowers the standard of living . [1]
[At least 2 points for Physical factors & Political factors each. Max. 5
marks]