1. 1
Module 2
Structuring The Learning Process

2. ckby/BasicTTT/18Jul08/Rev6 2
Course outline (Day 1)
Module 1 Creating the right learning environment
a. physical environment
b. emotional environment
Module 2 Structuring the training process
a. Developing Learning Objectives
b. Developing Lesson Plans
1st Day Agenda

3. • Kick Boxing

4. 4
Agenda
Module 2 Structuring the training process
a. Developing Learning Objectives 1.30 – 3.00
Tea Break 3.00- 3.30
b. Developing Lesson Plans 3.30 – 6.00

5. a. Physical Environment - Infrastructure
b. Emotional Environment - Mood
1st ModuleModule 2.1
Learning Objectives

6. ckby/BasicTTT/18Jul08/Rev6 6
Business Issue
Business Goals
Required
Knowledge,
Skills & Attitude
(KSA) to achieve
business goals
Required subject
matter and
learning delivery
strategy to
develop required
KSA
Instructional Goals &
Objectives
Course Content &
Instructional Strategy
Needs Analysis
Course Design & Development
Impact Evaluation
Test Instruction
Training Delivery
SpecifyEntryLevel/
Pre-requisites

7. 7
Exercise
Flex Your Mind

8. ckby/BasicTTT/18Jul08/Rev6 8
Lesson plan example (part 1)
TITLE: Basic Instruction Skills For New Trainers
Lesson Plans
WRITTEN BY: Cornelius Koh
COURSE GOAL: Address the need for non-training professionals to develop training
programs that will help address their business needs & to teach the
training programs effectively
OBJECTIVES:
CORRESPONDING
PERFORMANCE
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, the participants will be able to develop a
lesson plan.
Using the blank lesson plan formats, develop a lesson plan for the
course that you are teaching. The lesson plan will contain all the
required information and the teaching strategy
SESSION TIME: 1 hour
PAX SIZE: Min: _5_ pax Max: _15_ pax
AIDS/ EQUIPMENT: Overheads + OHP
Blank Lesson Plan formats
Flipchart + markers
TEACHING
STRATEGY:
1. Show & Tell
2. Exercise
3. Feedback
PRE-REQUISITES No pre-requisites

9. ckby/BasicTTT/18Jul08/Rev6 9
Activity /
Timing
(Minutes)
Content
(what to be taught)
Training
Technique Trainee Activity Aids Required
Lesson Plan Intro
15 minutes
Objective #1
Lesson Plans
What is a lesson plan?
Why use a lesson plan?
Using a lesson plan
Lecture & Discussion Listening & Discussion Lesson plan ppt slides
Flipchart & marker
Participants bring own laptop
Forms A & B
Lesson Plan Exercise
60 minutes
Objective #1
Lesson Plan Exercise Application Exercise
Open Discussion
Feedback Session
Do exercise
Discussion
Receive feedback
Participant’s Training Materials
Participants bring own laptop
Forms A & B

10. ckby/BasicTTT/18Jul08/Rev6 10
Lesson plan example (part 1)
TITLE: Basic Instruction Skills For New Trainers
Lesson Plans
WRITTEN BY: Cornelius Koh
COURSE GOAL: Address the need for non-training professionals to develop training
programs that will help address their business needs & to teach the
training programs effectively
OBJECTIVES:
CORRESPONDING
PERFORMANCE
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, the participants will be able to develop a
lesson plan.
Using the blank lesson plan formats, develop a lesson plan for the
course that you are teaching. The lesson plan will contain all the
required information and the teaching strategy
SESSION TIME: 1 hour
PAX SIZE: Min: _5_ pax Max: _15_ pax
AIDS/ EQUIPMENT: Overheads + OHP
Blank Lesson Plan formats
Flipchart + markers
TEACHING
STRATEGY:
1. Show & Tell
2. Exercise
3. Feedback
PRE-REQUISITES No pre-requisites
TARGET AUDIENCE  New employees in the Training & Development field
 New Trainers who have little or no experience in instructional
skills
 Any other persons interested in developing skills for training
adults
TARGET AUDIENCE
PROFILE &
LEARNING
PREFERENCE
 Language preferred – English
 Little or no experience in teaching / training
 Want training to be hands-on
 Don’t like technical jargons
 Provide simple and practical templates
POTENTIAL ISSUE Pax may not bring along their training materials. Alternatively, use
the first part of this training program as exercise material

11. ckby/BasicTTT/18Jul08/Rev6 11
• Goals vs Objectives
• Why do we need objectives?
• How to write objectives?
• Exercise: Writing Objectives

12. Goals
• Goal is the general intent of the course –
the business purpose the course was
delivered (address the business issue)
• Example:
Understand the Talent Management
System of Line Managers

13. Objectives
• Learning objectives should be expressed as
outcomes of the training for the participants
• and make use of action verbs (for example, ‘‘At
the end of this session, participants will be able to
. . .’’).
• The outcomes can be specific skills, knowledge
and attitude acquire by the course participants

14. How to write learning objectives
• Normally expressed in the following manner:
– At the end of this course, you will be able to
• Write learning objectives for the course you are
developing
• Write corresponding performance objectives for each
learning objectives
• Determine whether your objectives are measurable /
observable

15. Why Performance objectives?
• Performance Objectives enables learners to
be assessed to determine whether they have
achieved the learning objectives

16. How to write performance objectives
• Components of a performance objective
– Performance: Measurable behaviours /action
verbs- develop, select, assemble, perform (No 6,
Green Book)
– Condition: tools - MS Power Point, ISO, lean
– Standard: How well – 30 minutes, 40 kilos

17. How to write performance objectives
• Example
Given a car with a flat tire, a spare tyre, and
a lug wrench (conditions), change the flat
tyre (performance) according to the
manufacturer’s instructions and
specifications in fifteen minutes without
injury or damage (standard)

18. How to write performance objectives
• Example
Given a computer with MS-PowerPoint and
a sample presentation (conditions) the
student will be able to launch PowerPoint,
use the AutoContent Wizard to create a
presentation with the same format and
content (performance) as the sample
presentation within 30 minutes (standard)

19. ckby/BasicTTT/18Jul08/Rev6 25
Examining the bulls-eye
• What is the purpose of writing performance
objectives?
• What is the most difficult thing about
writing performance objectives?
• What are the things you need to be aware of
when writing performance objectives?

20. 1st ModuleModule 2.2
Lesson Plan
Learning Objectives

21. ckby/BasicTTT/18Jul08/Rev6 27
Lesson plan example (part 2)
Activity /
Timing
(Minutes)
Content
(what to be taught)
Training
Technique Trainee Activity Aids Required
Lesson Plan Intro
15 minutes
Objective #1
Lesson Plans
What is a lesson plan?
Why use a lesson plan?
Using a lesson plan
Lecture & Discussion Listening & Discussion Lesson plan ppt slides
Flipchart & marker
Participants bring own laptop
Forms A & B
Lesson Plan Exercise
60 minutes
Objective #1
Lesson Plan Exercise Application Exercise
Open Discussion
Feedback Session
Do exercise
Discussion
Receive feedback
Participant’s Training Materials
Participants bring own laptop
Forms A & B

22. ckby/BasicTTT/18Jul08/Rev6 29
What is a lesson plan?
Lesson plan is a tool to help the trainer
determine how to teach a particular topic

23. What is a lesson plan?
– Learning objectives & related content
– Duration of lesson & timing of activities
– Required training aids & equipment
– Teaching method & strategy for lesson

24. ckby/BasicTTT/18Jul08/Rev6 32
Structure of a learning activity
– Opening
• Pax get a general feel of the topic to be discussed
– Focus the topic
• Learn details about topic without straying
– Closure
• End the topic & reinforce learning
– Transition
• Link previous topic with the next one

25. Structure of a learning activity
–Opening
• Pax get a general feel of the topic to be discussed
–Focus the topic
• Learn details about topic without straying
–Closure
• End the topic & reinforce learning
–Transition
• Link previous topic with the next one

26. Structure of a learning activity

27. Structure of a learning activity

28. Structure of a learning activity

29. Structure of a learning activity

30. Structure of a learning activity

31. Training Technique (Teaching Methods)
Teaching
Method
Purpose Dos Don’ts
Lecture /
Presentation
Present
information
 Use examples and illustrations
 Use visual aids
 Intersperse with activities or
exercise
 Don’t go more than 15 mins
without an activity or exercise
Discussion Allow
participants to
share experiences
and to learn from
each other
 Encourage everyone to participate
 Initiate discussion with a leading
question
 Guide discussion by expertly asking
pertinent questions
 Conclude discussion with some
type of summary
 Monopolize the discussion
 Allow one or two participants
to dominate
 Stop without coming to
closure
Brainstorming Generate lots of
ideas in short
period of time.
Stimulate
creativity
 Review ground rules before
beginning
 Encourage everyone to participate
 Use a second person to record ideas
if the first recorder is overwhelmed
 Discuss ideas until
brainstorming is completed
 Discount or belittle any ideas

32. Training Technique (Teaching Methods)
Teaching Method Purpose Dos Don’ts
Case Study Simulate real-
world situations
 Provide clear directions
 Provide sufficient information and
background
 Highlight factors or variables that are
pertinent to teaching points
 Point out similarities between case
and participants’situation
 Ensure there is sufficient time to
adequately complete
 Spend valuable time
debriefing points that may
be interesting but are not
relevant to the topic
Role-play Simulate real
world situation
 Give participants adequate
information to play their role
 Give participants a minute or 2 to plan
their responses
 Ensure participants can be seen and
heard by the rest of the class
 Ask for volunteers
 Force individuals to
participate if they are
reluctant
 Continue role-play after
teaching point has been made
 Make fun of any participants
Games / Activities / Exercises Encourage
participants to
learn for
themselves and
each other
 Provide clear information
 Clearly describe expected outcomes
 Make sure there is sufficient time to
complete
 Adequately debrief
 Prolong unnecessarily

33. Understanding

34. ckby/BasicTTT/18Jul08/Rev6 44
Did you really learn your lesson?
• What was the most
difficult thing about
creating a lesson
plan?

35. ckby/BasicTTT/18Jul08/Rev6 45
Did you really learn your lesson?
• What adult learning
principles are being
incorporated into
the lesson plan?

36. ckby/BasicTTT/18Jul08/Rev6 46
Did you really learn your lesson?
• Will your lesson plan
suit the needs and
learning style of your
target audience?

37. ckby/BasicTTT/18Jul08/Rev6 47
Issues in building lesson plans
• Performance Objectives Missed out in many
lesson plans
• Many lesson plans don’t contain activities that
will test for transfer of learning
• Many lesson plans may not put the Adult
Learning Principles into practice (e.g. use only on
lectures but no exercises, practice sessions,
quizzes etc)
• Lesson plans did not contain
– Opening activity
– Closing activity

38. Creating the right learning
environment
a. Physical Environment - Infrastructure
b. Emotional Environment - Mood
1st ModuleModule 1

39. ckby/BasicTTT/18Jul08/Rev6 49
• Recognition
• Participation
• Achievement
• Personal Growth
Adult Learning Needs

41. participants feel comfortable and safe
Results of comfortable and safe
environment
• try out new ideas,
• learn from others,
• explore new viewpoints,
• change attitudes and behaviors
• respects everyone’s viewpoints, and

42. ckby/BasicTTT/18Jul08/Rev6 52
• Self-Concept
• Experience
• Readiness to Learn
• Time perspective

43. 53
Principles of effective learning
Recency
Appropriateness
Motivation
Primacy
2 way communication
Feedback
Active Learning
Multi-sensory Learning
Exercise

44. a. Physical Environment - Infrastructure
b. Emotional Environment - Mood
1st ModuleModule 2.1
Learning Objectives

45. ckby/BasicTTT/18Jul08/Rev6 55
Lesson plan example (part 1)
TITLE: Basic Instruction Skills For New Trainers
Lesson Plans
WRITTEN BY: Cornelius Koh
COURSE GOAL: Address the need for non-training professionals to develop training
programs that will help address their business needs & to teach the
training programs effectively
OBJECTIVES:
CORRESPONDING
PERFORMANCE
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, the participants will be able to develop a
lesson plan.
Using the blank lesson plan formats, develop a lesson plan for the
course that you are teaching. The lesson plan will contain all the
required information and the teaching strategy
SESSION TIME: 1 hour
PAX SIZE: Min: _5_ pax Max: _15_ pax
AIDS/ EQUIPMENT: Overheads + OHP
Blank Lesson Plan formats
Flipchart + markers
TEACHING
STRATEGY:
1. Show & Tell
2. Exercise
3. Feedback
PRE-REQUISITES No pre-requisites

46. ckby/BasicTTT/18Jul08/Rev6 56
Activity /
Timing
(Minutes)
Content
(what to be taught)
Training
Technique Trainee Activity Aids Required
Lesson Plan Intro
15 minutes
Objective #1
Lesson Plans
What is a lesson plan?
Why use a lesson plan?
Using a lesson plan
Lecture & Discussion Listening & Discussion Lesson plan ppt slides
Flipchart & marker
Participants bring own laptop
Forms A & B
Lesson Plan Exercise
60 minutes
Objective #1
Lesson Plan Exercise Application Exercise
Open Discussion
Feedback Session
Do exercise
Discussion
Receive feedback
Participant’s Training Materials
Participants bring own laptop
Forms A & B

47. Structure of a learning activity

48. Structure of a learning activity

49. Structure of a learning activity

50. Structure of a learning activity

51. Structure of a learning activity

52. Review

53. 63
Module 3
Presentation

54. 64
Thank You