4. Can you remember:
CLEAR
September 11, 2001? R IES - A LLY
MEMO OTIONA
F LAS HBULB F AN EM EVENT
R
ORY O OMENT O
MEM ANT M
Your first kiss? C
S IGNIFI
A funeral you attended?
An embarrassing moment in your life?
13. Automatic Processing
Encode for Time, Space, and Frequency
Example of parallel processing
Cannot willingly be turned on or off
14. Effortful Processing
EBBINGHAUS: THE
AMOUNT
REMEMBERED
DEPENDS ON THE
TIME SPENT
Rehearsal LEARNING
Next-in-Line Effect
Spacing Effect or “distributed learning” SERIAL
POSITION
EFFECT
15. WHAT DO WE ENCODE BEST?
MEANING!
WHAT ARE THE MOST
MEANINGFUL THINGS IN
LIFE?
16. Pop Quiz
1. What was the flight attendant’s name?
2. Where was the flight headed to originally?
3. What was the pilot’s name?
4. What airlines was it?
5. Where did the hijacker want to go?
17. Mnemonic devices
Acronyms Chunking
Roy G Biv 2024562461
HOMES Method of loci
Rhyme ...
In 1492 Columbus
sailed the ocean
blue
29. How many of each animal did
Noah have on his Ark?
Which is correct to say, “The egg yolk ARE white” or
“The egg yolk IS white”?
Priming: the activation of “nearby” or associated
memories.
35. Encoding failures
How many sides are on an average pencil?
Which color is at the bottom of a stoplight?
George Washington is on the front; what’s on the
back of a $1 bill?
Name Santa’s reindeer.
36. Decay Theory
Time, and time alone, will end all of your memories
Effectively explains sensory and STM loss
Ineffectively explains forgetting from LTM
37. Disuse Theory
Use it or lose it
Not recalling memories leads the brain to pair down
those synaptic connections
38. Interference/Inhibition
Theory
Inability to recall or difficulty in remembering caused
by too many memories interfering
Proactive: PAST learning interferes
Retroactive: PRESENT learning interferes
39. Amnesia
Loss of memories as a result of psychological or
physiological trauma
Anterograde: no NEW memories
Retrograde: loss of OLD memories
