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THE HYPERCONNECTED ECONOMY: PHASE 2
HYPERCONNECTED
ORGANISATIONSHOW BUSINESSES ARE ADAPTING
TO THE HYPERCONNECTED AGE
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 20151
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
About this study 2
Executive summary 3
Introduction 5
Understanding the challenge 6
Organisational adaptation 8
Market disruption 11
Conclusion 13
Appendix: Survey results 14
Contents
1
2
3
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 20152
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
The hyperconnected economy is a multi-phase
research programme conducted by The Economist
Intelligence Unit (EIU) and sponsored by SAP.
Hyperconnectivity is defined as the sharp
increase in the interconnectedness of people,
organisations and objects that has resulted from
three consecutive waves of technology innovation:
the Internet, mobile technology and the Internet
of Things (IoT). This report investigates its impact
at an organisational level and draws on the
following two research methods.
1.	 A global survey of 561 executives. Survey
respondents were drawn from a range of industries,
including 16% from financial services, 13% from
manufacturing and 11% from IT and technology.
One-third of respondents are of C-level seniority or
higher; one-third are senior vice-presidents, heads
of department or of equivalent seniority; and the
remaining one-third are other senior managers
representing a range of industries. Just over half of
respondents (58%) work for companies with
annual revenues of up to US$5bn; the remaining
42% have annual revenues above US$5bn. The
geographical split is as follows: 30% North
America, 30% Europe, 30% Asia-Pacific, and the
remainder from the rest of the world.
2.	 A series of expert and executive interviews.
The EIU interviewed the following experts and
executives for this report (listed alphabetically):
l	Phil Abram, chief infotainment officer, GM
l	Andrew Brem, chief digital officer, Aviva
l	Jim Buczkowski, director of electronics and
electrical systems engineering, Ford
l	David McCorquodale, UK head of retail, KPMG
l	Mark Curtis, chief client officer, Fjord
l	Davide Strusani, assistant director, economic
consulting, Deloitte
The Economist Intelligence Unit would like to
thank these interviewees for their time and
insights.
The report was written by Michael Kapoor and
edited by Pete Swabey.	
About this
study
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 20153
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
Hyperconnectivity is high on the corporate agenda.
The majority of executives believe that failure to
adapt to hyperconnectivity—the growing
interconnectedness of people, organisations and
machines that results from the Internet, mobile
technology and the Internet of Things—is the
biggest risk their organisation faces.
Executives generally feel positive about
hyperconnectivity—most say it presents more
opportunities than threats, and they believe they
are doing a good job of adapting to it.
But while experts warn of the need for
substantial change to meet the challenges of
hyperconnectivity, only about one in five survey
respondents expect to restructure “radically” as it
intensifies in future. These are the findings of a
study by The Economist Intelligence Unit,
sponsored by SAP. The study, which is based on a
global survey of 561 executives, examines their
views on hyperconnectivity and its impact on their
organisation.
The key findings are as follows:
Adapting to hyperconnectivity is a matter of
survival, most executives agree. Six out of ten
survey respondents agree that failing to adapt to
hyperconnectivity is the biggest challenge their
company faces. This view was especially common
among retailers, reflecting the considerable
disruption seen in this sector in the last decade.
Hyperconnectivity is nevertheless viewed
positively, and organisations believe they are
adapting well. Eight out of ten respondents
believe that hyperconnectivity has been beneficial
for their organisation, and only one-third say it
presents more threats than opportunities. This may
reflect the fact that its impact within organisations
has been broadly positive by boosting
collaboration, for example.
However, the extent to which organisations have
adapted is limited. Under half of respondents
have introduced digital skills training, and while
experts predict that it calls for deep organisational
change, just under one in five (19%) expect to
reshape their business “radically” in response to
hyperconnectivity.
The Internet is still seen as having more
potential to be revolutionary than mobile
technology and the Internet of Things (IoT). This
is true even among industries such as
manufacturing, in which embedded IoT
connectivity is expected to have far-ranging
implications. This suggests that companies expect
the future impact of hyperconnectivity to be a
continuation of historical trends, rather than
introducing new and unprecedented changes.
Executive
summary
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 20154
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
Executives see digital offerings from established
competitors—not start-ups—as their biggest
source of competitive pressure. The threat of
disruption by a Silicon Valley start-up is one of the
most widely discussed challenges businesses face
today, but in fact more respondents say they have
felt severe or moderate competitive pressure from
the digital strategies of their established
competitors.
Hyperconnectivity is seen as important, but
there are signs of inertia or complacency. Experts
interviewed for this report warn of the need for
“deep” and “fundamental” organisational change,
and the risk of “irrelevance”. While they
acknowledge hyperconnectivity’s significance,
most respondents give few signs of this kind of
radical action. Time will tell if their confidence is
merited.
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 20155
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
It is not yet known how many smart watches—a
recent high-profile extension of hyperconnectivity—
Apple has sold since they were introduced in April
2015. Market watcher Slice Intelligence, which
analyses US consumer spending, believes the
number to be around 2.5m worldwide, which
suggests that annual sales will be around 11m units.
This is not a bad start for a new product, but it’s
a drop in the ocean compared with the 60m-plus
iPhones sold in the first quarter of 2015 alone.
Observers are eagerly watching for clues whether
the Apple Watch will be a short-lived toy, with
limited functionality and a fierce price tag, or
whether it will follow the lead of earlier Apple
products, from the iPod to the iPad, and create a
new market segment.
Mark Curtis, chief client officer at service-design
consultancy Fjord, is among the believers. Sales
will be big, he expects, “because you don’t have to
take them out of your pocket”. It’s the sort of
simple advantage that has the potential to change
consumer behaviour—and in so doing change the
face of business.
In October 2014 The Economist Intelligence Unit
(EIU) published The hyperconnected economy, an
examination of how the rapid increase in the
interconnectedness of people, organisations and
objects seen in the last 30 years is affecting the
global economy. It found that from a global
perspective, this hyperconnectivity is a tide that
raises all boats—in fact, hyperconnectedness is
expected to be especially valuable for developing
economies.
But for organisations, it poses challenges as
well as opportunities. Look no further than the
industries disrupted by online media delivery or
mobile apps, such as publishing or camera
manufacturing, to see how high the stakes are.
In the second phase of the hyperconnected
economy programme, therefore, we investigate the
organisational impact in more detail through a
survey of executives and a series of expert
interviews (see “About this study”).
This reveals that businesses are well aware of
the significance of hyperconnectivity—indeed, the
majority believe that adapting to it is the key
challenge their organisation faces.
But there are also signs of a degree of
complacency. The majority of companies believe
they are doing a good job of adapting to
hyperconnectivity. Yet while experts warn of the
need for substantial changes, there is little
evidence in our survey sample that radical
measures are under way. 	
Introduction
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 20156
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
Organisations are well aware of how significant
hyperconnectivity is for their future, this study
reveals. Nearly six out of ten (59%) respondents
agree that failing to adapt to hyperconnectivity is
the biggest danger faced by their company.
Predictably, its importance is most keenly felt in
those industries that have been most acutely
affected by the Internet so far. More than two-
thirds (68%) of retailers say that the need to adapt
to hyperconnectivity is their company’s biggest
challenge, for example, with a well above-average
44% saying that it “presents more threats than
opportunities” (compared with one-third of all
respondents). This is not surprising given the
disruption caused to their industry over the past
decade or more.
A wave of retailers, from the bookseller Borders
to the video chain Blockbusters, has been driven
out of business as sales have migrated to the net.
More recently, retailers have been struggling to get
to grips with omnichannel retail, linking different
sales platforms such as physical stores, the
Internet and smartphones. These have often been
launched as separate divisions and profit centres,
leading to unfortunate outcomes, such as the
refusal by a retailer, for example, to accept at a
physical store returned items that had been bought
online.
Addressing this situation requires “fundamental
change”, says David McCorquodale, head of retail
Understanding the challenge
1
Agree Disagree Don’t know
Consumer goods
Financial services
Healthcare, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology
IT and technology
Manufacturing
Retailing
Chart 1. The majority of firms believe that failure to adapt to hyperconnectivity is their
organisation’s biggest risk
Failure to adapt to hyperconnectivity is the biggest risk that our organisation faces
(% respondents)
Source: The Economist Intelligence Unit survey, May 2015.
45 33 21
64 24 12
55 33 13
67 29 5
60 30 10
68 21 12
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 20157
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
at KPMG. Sometimes, even established retailers are
at a surprisingly early stage here. UK retailer Marks
& Spencer only took control of its own website last
year; previously its online sales had been
outsourced to Amazon. Now, it has relaunched
some of its stores to offer omnichannel services,
with iPad-wielding sales assistants and Internet
kiosks allowing customers to buy items online if
they are not available in-store.
Retail remains one of the starkest examples of
the upheaval that can be wrought by rapidly
changing consumer behaviour enabled by new
connectivity, but the same argument applies to
many other sectors. Some of these sectors may be
underestimating hyperconnectivity’s disruptive
potential, the survey suggests.
Only 45% of consumer goods companies, for
example, consider hyperconnectivity to be their
greatest threat (see chart 1). In fact, these
companies are arguably among the most exposed.
Hyperconnectivity is disrupting the retail channels
through which they reach customers. It is also
assisting the globalisation of manufacturing, which
affects the goods they sell, and it is empowering
customers to provide feedback over the Internet
and social media, which affects everything from
branding to marketing.
Nike, for example, has transformed itself from a
sportswear maker to a fitness and lifestyle brand,
using social media to foster communities and
driving customer engagement through mobile
fitness apps. Car companies are integrating digital
connectivity both into their production and into
the products themselves, thereby improving
component design and mechanical reliability.
Most companies have acknowledged the scale of
the challenge posed by hyperconnectivity, the
survey reveals. However, it also suggests that they
have not acknowledged how much they will need to
change.
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 20158
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
The three components of hyperconnectivity, as
defined in this study, are the Internet, mobile
technology and the Internet of Things. It is not
surprising that for the majority of respondents the
first of these—the Internet—has had a
revolutionary or significant effect on their
organisation so far (84%, versus 71% for mobile
and 71% for the IoT).
It is surprising, however, that respondents are
most likely to say that the Internet will have such
an effect in the next three years (80%, versus 75%
for mobile and just 57% for the IoT).
Even among manufacturers, only 61% believe
the IoT will have a revolutionary or significant
effect. This is especially surprising given the
transformational impact that the embedded
systems are expected to have both on the
manufacturing process and on the resulting
products. This suggests that respondents might be
more focused on the hyperconnectivity trends they
know and understand than the ones that are still
emerging.
This helps to explain why respondents are
remarkably confident about their progress in
adapting to hyperconnectivity. Overall, a
significant majority (69%) say they are doing a
decent job of adapting to hyperconnectivity—even
in the least confident sector (healthcare), around
two-thirds of respondents reckon they are adapting
well.
This confidence may also reflect the fact that for
many respondents, hyperconnectivity has had a
positive organisational impact so far. For example,
45% believe that collaboration, both within and
between divisions, has improved as a result of
hyperconnectivity.
The most commonly cited organisational impact
of hyperconnectivity is that business processes
have accelerated, as identified by 47% of
respondents. Companies appear to be reacting to
this acceleration of pace through automation: the
most common organisational response to
hyperconnectivity is to have automated business
processes (46% of respondents).
Nonetheless, respondents’ bullishness masks
fairly limited progress. For example, only 39% have
introduced digital skills training. With companies
from banks to shops saying that their offerings
need to span web and physical stores and
manufacturers talking of the importance of
digitalisation to improving efficiency, digital skills
might be expected to be standard across industries
by now.
Many respondents believe that the continued
growth of hyperconnectivity will change power
dynamics in the organisation, with 45% saying the
control of central management will be reduced.
This is a positive indication, given the
recommendation of Fjord’s Mr Curtis that
companies need to become more agile, with less
rigid hierarchies, if they are to evolve at the pace of
hyperconnectivity.
Mr Curtis likens the process to the different
states of matter. Many companies are still in a solid
Organisational adaptation
2
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 20159
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
On autopilot
“Infotainment has become a core source of
competitive advantage for the auto industry,”
according to Phil Abram, chief infotainment officer
at US car manufacturer General Motors. Now that
engine and component design are increasingly
standardised and fuel economy is regulated, in-car
information and entertainment systems are among
the few ways in which carmakers can differentiate
their products these days.
GM is currently rolling out 4G connectivity
across its vehicle range worldwide, offering its
customers more rapid Internet access on the
move. Mr Abram says that “the essential elements
of an infotainment system do not vary by
[geographical] market, although the detail
components might”.
Another iconic US car maker, Ford, gained a
competitive edge by launching an effective
infotainment system back in 2007, ahead of many
of its rivals. However, it damaged its reputation
with a glitch-ridden upgrade some time later,
which is now being replaced by a simpler, more
reliable system.
In reality, both companies are largely
outsourcing the work for these infotainment
systems to companies like Microsoft, which have
developed software that allows people to link
their smartphones to the car’s own systems. The
carmakers themselves are concentrating many of
their own resources on the information side,
feeding car-performance information to drivers
and dealers to allow for timely maintenance, and
to their own development teams so that real
information continuously informs product
development and production.
According to Jim Buczkowski, Ford’s director of
electronics and electrical systems engineering,
one challenge is the need to sieve the mass of
information now available from in-car sensors to
extract that which is usable. Ford hired in a chief
data and analytics officer at the end of last year to
co-ordinate these efforts in what Mr Buczkowski
describes as a “company reorganisation”.
In other words, these companies are putting
some “meat on the bones” of theories of smart
production and product development as they
start to get to grips with analysing the wealth of
data they can now generate. They are also
keeping a keen eye on developments from tech
competitors such as the search engine Google,
which has a project to develop a driverless car.
GM has worked with Google (and Apple) on
bringing phone integration to its vehicles. Phone
integration allows users to interact with select
applications from their smartphones through the
vehicle systems (steering wheel controls, touch
screen, etc.).
“We make sure that we can change with the
market by building platforms,” he says, adding
that driverless cars could completely change the
market for everything from commuter cars to
taxis. Rather than fighting to protect its existing
customer base, GM plans to ensure that it has the
products to sell to the new type of customer.	
state, stable and predictable but slow to react to
change. More advanced firms have become fluid,
with adaptable structures that can flow into new
areas as they emerge. The real need, he says, is for
companies to become like gas—formless beasts
that exist to cater for constantly changing
customer demand.
Indeed, hyperconnectivity calls for “deep
organisational change”, according to Mr Curtis.
However, only 19% of survey respondents believe
they will have to restructure “radically”.
The same proportion (19%) has introduced a
chief digital officer (CDO). There is some evidence
to suggest that appointing an executive to lead
digital activities is a growing trend: the CDO Club (a
global network of chief digital officers) says that
the number of CDOs is doubling each year—to
1,000 worldwide in 2014 and an expected 2,000
this year.
US motor giant General Motors, for example,
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201510
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
hired Phil Abram as its chief infotainment officer
last year to advance the information and
entertainment systems built into its cars.
Previously, Mr Abram had worked for electronics
firms such as Japan’s Sony as the carmaker
recognised that shifting consumer tastes meant
looking beyond its traditional expertise. Similarly,
Aviva, the international insurer, hired Andrew
Brem as its chief digital officer in August last year
to overhaul its digital interaction with customers.
His background was with utility and mobile-phone
companies, rather than in insurance.
It is debatable whether a new executive role is
the best way for every company to adapt to
hyperconnectivity, so the low base of CDOs in our
sample is not necessarily evidence of inertia.
Nevertheless, there are signs in the survey data
that on an organisational level, companies are
overly confident of their ability to weather the
hyperconnectivity storm. When asked about how it
has affected their competitive stance, the story is
quite different. 	
Revolutionary
impact
Significant
impact
Limited
impact
No impact Don’t know /
not applicable
Internet
Mobile
IoT
Chart 2. More respondents believe the Internet will have a more significant or revolutionary impact in the
next three years than the Internet of Things
What impact do you expect the following technologies to have in the next three years?
(% respondents)
Source: The Economist Intelligence Unit survey, May 2015.
34 46 13 3 4
33 42 14 5 6
31 26 18 6 18
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201511
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
Much has been written about the disruptive
potential of digital companies, from big retailers
such as Amazon and eBay to person-to-person
platforms such as Airbnb, a site allowing people to
rent out their houses to people who might
otherwise choose a hotel. The impact of these
companies has been strong, driving scores of
shops, magazines and indeed hotels to the wall as
they lose sales to online competitors.
Nonetheless, our survey finds that executives
are more concerned with competition from existing
companies than with being wiped out by a wave of
new-tech upstarts: some 57% say that they have
faced notable competitive pressure from digital
products launched by established companies,
compared with less than half who feel pressure
from digital start-ups. Respondents expect
competition on both fronts to grow in future.
This is not as surprising as it might seem at first
glance. While the likes of Amazon and Airbnb are
highly visible owing to their novelty, in many
industries established players remain dominant. In
these sectors, the main contribution of digital
start-ups has been to force companies to adopt
digital practices.
Supermarkets offer an example. In many
countries, online groceries were first launched by
Internet-only brands, such as Ocado in the UK. As
time went on, supermarkets launched their own
Internet-based grocery services. Online sales still
account for only a small proportion of grocery
shopping, but the big supermarket chains, from
Carrefour in France and Asia to Walmart in the US,
are spending heavily on their own online offerings.
These operate in parallel with services such as Click
& Collect, which exploit their big store networks
and provide an advantage over Internet-only
retailers such as Amazon.
The strategic significance of such moves online
is evident in the fact that supermarkets appear to
be underpricing this service. According to HSBC’s
retail analyst Dave McCarthy, the true cost of a
home delivery is around £20 (about US$30),
whereas supermarkets typically charge £3-4. In the
UK alone, he estimates that this underpricing costs
the major supermarket chains £100m a year.
Clearly, though, supermarket retailers consider this
burden to be preferable to the losses suffered by
rivals which are only now struggling to break into
the online market.
It is a similar story in other sectors.
International banks, from HSBC to Citibank, have
started to offer smartphone apps allowing people
to make payments and complete other transactions
from mobile devices.
Other sectors of the financial services industry
are following suit. Insurance, for example, has
lagged behind banking to date, but that is
beginning to change as the sector is waking up to
the competitive consequences of hyperconnectivity
says Mr Brem at Aviva.
“It’s only a matter of time before a digital
disrupter hurts insurers,” he says, pointing to the
impact of digital start-ups from PayPal to the taxi
Market disruption
3
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201512
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
Will create severe
competitive pressure
Will create moderate
competitive pressure
Will create limited
competitive pressure
Will create no
competitive pressure
Don’t know /
not applicable
Start-ups driven by digital technology
Digital offerings from our traditional competitors
Established companies that are using digital technology to enter our market(s) for the first time
Chart 3. Respondents are more likely to see digital offerings from traditional competitors as sources of
severe or moderate competitive pressure than start-ups
How do you expect the following to affect competition in the next three years?
(% respondents)
Source: The Economist Intelligence Unit survey, May 2015.
25 33 20 17 6
23 43 20 9 4
22 35 25 13 5
service Uber. “With Uber, it’s one click and your car
is on its way. You can see it approach on a map. You
know who your driver is. No cash, no hassle. People
will start to resent firms that do not offer this [kind
of] convenience.”
He points out that digital has already
transformed many areas of finance, from payments
to lending and investing, but that insurance has
yet to embrace the change. Customers now expect
a choice of ways to interact with their insurer or
broker, in person, over the phone, online or
through chat rooms. That means insurers must join
up their services in the same way as omnichannel
retailers.
Mr Brem adds that “we have a mass of data
allowing us to personalise offerings to customers”.
Motorists can use data from their cars to show that
they are safe drivers, reducing premiums, while
homeowners and people buying health insurance
can be monitored to show their risk levels, allowing
them to take out cover tailored to their needs and
lifestyles. “It’s a great opportunity—and we will
become irrelevant if we don’t take it.”
Fortunately, just as hyperconnectivity exposes
companies to new sources of competition, it also
allows them to exert some pressure of their own.
Nearly half of respondents (47%) say their
organisations have reacted to the competitive
pressure resulting from hyperconnectivity by
entering new markets—far more than those who
have lowered prices (28%) or exited the market
(18%), for example. Meanwhile, 41% say
hyperconnectivity has allowed them to identify new
markets that are suitable for them to enter.
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201513
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
Our study shows that companies are well aware of the
significance of hyperconnectivity. The unprecedented
uptick in interconnectedness that began with the
Internet, was extended by mobile technology and
now continues with the Internet of Things is not just
a technological trend—it is one of the era’s defining
characteristics. It’s little wonder that companies see
adapting to it as their greatest challenge.
Their confidence in their ability to do that
should not be dismissed out of hand. Compared
with the aftermath of the dot-com crash, when
anyone making grand claims about the Internet
was treated with suspicion, there is now
widespread acknowledgment of the significance of
digital technology. It stands to reason, therefore,
that organisations have made some progress in
putting it to use.
However, the consensus among experts in the
field is that gradual progress will not be enough to
meet the growing competitive pressure that
companies will encounter as hyperconnectivity
intensifies. They believe radical restructuring is in
order—and yet only one in five survey respondents
expect to undertake such an endeavour.
This implies a deficit in leadership. Whether or
not they appoint an executive with specific
responsibility for digital business, organisations
will only effect substantial change if it is led from
the top. The hyperconnected economy calls for
hyperconnected leaders. 	
Conclusion
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201514
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
Appendix:
Survey
results
Percentages may not
add to 100% owing to
rounding or the ability
of respondents to
choose multiple
responses.
In which of the following business functions does the Internet play a crucial role at your organisation?
Select all that apply.
(% respondents)
Finding new customers
Communicating with customers
Working with suppliers
Managing internal operations
Developing and delivering products and services
Collaborating internally
80
80
73
73
73
72
In which of the following business functions does mobile technology play a crucial role at your organisation?
Select all that apply.
(% respondents)
Communicating with customers
Collaborating internally
Managing internal operations
Developing and delivering products and services
Working with suppliers
Finding new customers
68
68
53
53
50
42
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201515
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
In which of the following business functions does the Internet of Things (IoT) play a crucial role
at your organisation?
Select all that apply.
(% respondents)
Developing and delivering products and services
Working with suppliers
Managing internal operations
Collaborating internally
Finding new customers
Communicating with customers
46
41
40
37
32
32
In which functions do you expect the Internet to play a crucial role in three years’ time?
Select all that apply.
(% respondents)
Finding new customers
Communicating with customers
Working with suppliers
Developing and delivering products and services
Collaborating internally
Managing internal operations
77
77
75
74
73
73
In which functions do you expect mobile technology to play a crucial role in three years’ time?
Select all that apply.
(% respondents)
Communicating with customers
Collaborating internally
Managing internal operations
Working with suppliers
Developing and delivering products and services
Finding new customers
74
67
61
60
59
57
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201516
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
In which functions do you expect the Internet of Things (IoT) to play a crucial role in three years’ time?
Select all that apply.
(% respondents)
Developing and delivering products and services
Managing internal operations
Communicating with customers
Working with suppliers
Finding new customers
Collaborating internally
59
50
49
49
45
45
Revolutionary
impact
Significant
impact
Limited
impact
No impact Don’t know /
not applicable
Internet
Mobile
IoT
How would you describe the impact that the Internet, mobile technology and the Internet of Things (IoT)
have had on your organisation so far?
(% respondents)
44 40 11 3 1
24 47 18 4 6
18 23 27 12 20
Revolutionary
impact
Significant
impact
Limited
impact
No impact Don’t know /
not applicable
Internet
Mobile
IoT
What impact do you expect them to have over the next three years?
(% respondents)
34 46 13 3 4
33 42 14 5 6
31 26 18 6 18
Agree Disagree Don’t know / not applicable
Hyperconnectivity has been beneficial for my organisation
Hyperconnectivity has been beneficial for my industry
Hyperconnectivity presents more threats than opportunities
Failure to adapt to hyperconnectivity is the biggest risk that our organisation faces
My organisation is doing a good job of adapting to hyperconnectivity
Do you agree with the following statements?
(% respondents)
86 7 7
83 9 8
30 56 13
59 30 11
69 18 13
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201517
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
Have created severe
competitive pressure
Have created moderate
competitive pressure
Have created limited
competitive pressure
Have created no
competitive pressure
Don’t know /
not applicable
Start-ups driven by digital technology
Digital offerings from our traditional competitors
Established companies that are using digital technology to enter our market(s) for the first time
To what degree have the following factors placed competitive pressure on your firm in the last three years?
(% respondents)
17 32 23 22 6
17 40 29 10 4
14 35 27 18 6
Will create severe
competitive pressure
Will create moderate
competitive pressure
Will create limited
competitive pressure
Will create no
competitive pressure
Don’t know /
not applicable
Start-ups driven by digital technology
Digital offerings from our traditional competitors
Established companies that are using digital technology to enter our market(s) for the first time
And how do you expect them to affect competition in the next three years?
(% respondents)
25 33 20 17 6
23 43 20 9 4
22 35 25 13 5
How has your organisation adapted to the competitive pressure resulting from hyperconnectivity?
Select all that apply.
(% respondents)
Lowered prices
Lowered margins
Entered new markets
Exited markets
Divested divisions
Acquired one or more competitors for their digital capabilities
None of the above
Don’t know
28
28
47
17
19
26
14
4
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201518
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
Which of the following strategies have you adopted as a result of hyperconnectivity?
Select all that apply.
(% respondents)
Diversified our channel partners
Used digital channels to enter new markets (ie, sell new categories of product or service)
Launched products or services that are only available through digital channels
Adopted dynamic pricing for sales through digital channels
Sold directly to customers for the first time
Offered prices that are only available through digital channels
None of the above
Don’t know
38
38
35
29
25
25
12
3
How do you think the continued growth of hyperconnectivity will affect your organisation’s position
within your industry in the future?
Select all that apply.
(% respondents)
Digital channel partners will become the dominant force in our markets
We will acquire one or more digital start-ups
Our market share will be significantly reduced as a result of digitally-enabled competition
We will merge with a more digitally capable organisation
We will divest or close production and focus on distribution
We will divest or close distribution and focus on production
None of the above
Don’t know
34
31
19
17
15
14
19
8
What impact has hyperconnectivity had on global competition in your industry?
Select all that apply.
(% respondents)
Hyperconnectivity has:
Lowered barriers to entry for foreign companies in the developed economies in which we operate
Lowered barriers to entry for foreign companies in the developing economies in which we operate
Boosted local competition in the developing economies in which we operate
Boosted local competition in the developed economies in which we operate
Helped us identify new markets that are suitable for us to enter
None of the above
Don’t know
33
30
35
32
40
11
5
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201519
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
What impact has hyperconnectivity had on your supply chain so far?
Select all that apply.
(% respondents)
Hyperconnectivity has:
Improved our ability to find suppliers from around the world
Improved our ability to select suppliers competitively
Improved our ability to work with international suppliers
Reduced our supply costs
Increased the range of materials we can purchase through our supply chain
Increased visibility into our supply chain
Increased the complexity of our supply chain
Improved the reliability of our supply chain
None of the above
Don’t know
34
39
38
35
27
33
20
26
8
6
What impact do you think the continued growth in hyperconnectivity will have on your company’s
global business and its supply chain?
Select all that apply.
(% respondents)
Declining barriers to market entry will help us grow internationally
Declining barriers to market entry will place us under increasing pressure in our established markets
An increasingly globalised supply chain will allow us to reduce costs significantly
An increasingly globalised supply chain will expose us to greater risk
Increasing demand from global markets through digital channels will require us to expand globally
Increasing automation of supply chain transactions will expose us to greater risk
34
39
45
26
27
16
What impact has hyperconnectivity had on your relationship with customers?
Select all that apply.
(% respondents)
Customers mostly hear about us online
Customers typically check online reviews or social media before purchase
Our online reputation is the biggest influence on customer perception of our company
We are reaching customers around the world for the first time through digital channels
Digital channels allow us to search proactively for customer demand
Digital channels have allowed more direct contact between customers and employees
Digital channels are our principal means of communicating with prospects and customers
29
38
34
31
35
39
20
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201520
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
Which of the following measures have you adopted as a result of hyperconnectivity?
Select all that apply.
(% respondents)
Taken efforts to improve our visibility and reputation on social media that have improved our business
Used digital processes to customise products and services to individual customers
Fed customer information from digital channels into product development
Embedded digital functionality into our products to measure customer use and/or improve customer service
Built an integrated view of our customer interactions across all digital channels
Boosted customer privacy as a way to differentiate our products and services
49
40
37
37
33
30
What impact do you think the continued growth of hyperconnectivity will have on your interactions
with customers in the future?
Select all that apply.
(% respondents)
Products and services will be increasingly tailored to customers’ individual needs
Input from customers will be deeply integrated into product development
Customer service will be mostly automated
A more globally diverse customer base will challenge our ability to communicate with and engage with customers
Our business will be more vulnerable to negative online publicity
Mobile will become our primary customer interaction channel
51
41
33
33
32
31
What impact has hyperconnectivity had on your organisation?
Select all that apply.
(% respondents)
Business processes have accelerated
Collaboration within divisions and geographies has improved
Collaboration between divisions and geographies has improved
Organisational strategy has become more data-driven
The pressure we are under to innovate has increased
Our ability to innovate has increased
Organisational strategy has become more effective
47
45
45
42
33
32
29
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201521
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
What organisational measures has your company introduced as a result of or to derive greater benefit
from hyperconnectivity?
Select all that apply.
(% respondents)
Automated business processes
Adopted agile development and/or project management techniques
Introduced digital skills training
Outsourced functions to accelerate digitisation
Flattened the organisational hierarchy
Appointed a chief digital officer
46
39
39
33
25
19
How do you think the continued growth of hyperconnectivity will affect your organisation in the future?
Select all that apply.
(% respondents)
Our ability to effect substantial organisational change will increase
We will reduce our staffing levels as more work is automated
We will match employment opportunities to candidates faster and more effectively
Information overload will damage the wellbeing of our employees
Our organisation will have to radically restructure
Ability of central management to control the organisation will be reduced
39
38
37
24
23
22
Better than average Worse than average Don’t know
Profit
Revenue growth
Innovation
Organisational agility
How does your organisation’s performance compare with the average in its industry?
(% respondents)
73 18 9
71 21 8
63 25 12
52 35 13
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201522
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
$500m or less
$500m to $1bn
$1bn to $5bn
$5bn to $10bn
$10bn or more
What are your organisation’s annual revenues in US dollars?
(% respondents)
0
22
36
14
28
North America
Asia-Pacific
Western Europe
Latin America
Middle East
In which region are you based?
(% respondents)
30
30
30
7
2
Board member
CEO/President/Managing director
CFO/Treasurer/Comptroller
CIO/Technology director
CMO/Head of marketing
COO/Head of operations
CDO (Chief digital officer)
CXO (Customer experience officer)
Other C-level executive
SVP/VP/Director
Head of business unit
Head of department
Manager
Other
Which of the following best describes your job title?
(% respondents)
2
6
4
8
3
2
1
1
3
12
6
19
31
2
Financial services
Manufacturing
IT and technology
Healthcare, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology
Consumer goods
Retailing
Energy and natural resources
Aerospace and defence
Automotive
Chemicals
Professional services
Telecoms
Transportation, travel and tourism
Construction and real estate
Logistics and distribution
Education
Government/Public sector
Agriculture and agribusiness
Entertainment, media and publishing
What is your primary industry?
(% respondents)
16
13
11
7
6
6
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201523
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
Finance
IT
Sales
General management
Human resources
Marketing
Procurement
Strategy and business development
Supply-chain management
Operations and production
Customer service
Information and research
Risk
R&D
Legal
Other
What is your main functional role?
(% respondents)
11
11
11
10
9
9
9
7
5
4
3
2
2
2
1
3
© The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201524
The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2
Hyperconnected organisations
Whilst every effort has been taken to verify the accuracy of this
information, neither The Economist Intelligence Unit Ltd. nor the
sponsor of this report can accept any responsibility or liability
for reliance by any person on this white paper or any of the
information, opinions or conclusions set out in the white paper.
London
20 Cabot Square
London
E14 4QW
United Kingdom
Tel: (44.20) 7576 8000
Fax: (44.20) 7576 8476
E-mail: london@eiu.com
New York
750 Third Avenue
5th Floor
New York, NY 10017
United States
Tel: (1.212) 554 0600
Fax: (1.212) 586 0248
E-mail: newyork@eiu.com
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6001, Central Plaza
18 Harbour Road
Wanchai
Hong Kong
Tel: (852) 2585 3888
Fax: (852) 2802 7638
E-mail: hongkong@eiu.com
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Tranchées 16
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Switzerland
Tel: (41) 22 566 2470
Fax: (41) 22 346 93 47
E-mail: geneva@eiu.com

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Hyperconnected organisations: How businesses are adapting to the hyperconnected age

  • 1. THE HYPERCONNECTED ECONOMY: PHASE 2 HYPERCONNECTED ORGANISATIONSHOW BUSINESSES ARE ADAPTING TO THE HYPERCONNECTED AGE
  • 2. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 20151 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations About this study 2 Executive summary 3 Introduction 5 Understanding the challenge 6 Organisational adaptation 8 Market disruption 11 Conclusion 13 Appendix: Survey results 14 Contents 1 2 3
  • 3. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 20152 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations The hyperconnected economy is a multi-phase research programme conducted by The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) and sponsored by SAP. Hyperconnectivity is defined as the sharp increase in the interconnectedness of people, organisations and objects that has resulted from three consecutive waves of technology innovation: the Internet, mobile technology and the Internet of Things (IoT). This report investigates its impact at an organisational level and draws on the following two research methods. 1. A global survey of 561 executives. Survey respondents were drawn from a range of industries, including 16% from financial services, 13% from manufacturing and 11% from IT and technology. One-third of respondents are of C-level seniority or higher; one-third are senior vice-presidents, heads of department or of equivalent seniority; and the remaining one-third are other senior managers representing a range of industries. Just over half of respondents (58%) work for companies with annual revenues of up to US$5bn; the remaining 42% have annual revenues above US$5bn. The geographical split is as follows: 30% North America, 30% Europe, 30% Asia-Pacific, and the remainder from the rest of the world. 2. A series of expert and executive interviews. The EIU interviewed the following experts and executives for this report (listed alphabetically): l Phil Abram, chief infotainment officer, GM l Andrew Brem, chief digital officer, Aviva l Jim Buczkowski, director of electronics and electrical systems engineering, Ford l David McCorquodale, UK head of retail, KPMG l Mark Curtis, chief client officer, Fjord l Davide Strusani, assistant director, economic consulting, Deloitte The Economist Intelligence Unit would like to thank these interviewees for their time and insights. The report was written by Michael Kapoor and edited by Pete Swabey. About this study
  • 4. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 20153 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations Hyperconnectivity is high on the corporate agenda. The majority of executives believe that failure to adapt to hyperconnectivity—the growing interconnectedness of people, organisations and machines that results from the Internet, mobile technology and the Internet of Things—is the biggest risk their organisation faces. Executives generally feel positive about hyperconnectivity—most say it presents more opportunities than threats, and they believe they are doing a good job of adapting to it. But while experts warn of the need for substantial change to meet the challenges of hyperconnectivity, only about one in five survey respondents expect to restructure “radically” as it intensifies in future. These are the findings of a study by The Economist Intelligence Unit, sponsored by SAP. The study, which is based on a global survey of 561 executives, examines their views on hyperconnectivity and its impact on their organisation. The key findings are as follows: Adapting to hyperconnectivity is a matter of survival, most executives agree. Six out of ten survey respondents agree that failing to adapt to hyperconnectivity is the biggest challenge their company faces. This view was especially common among retailers, reflecting the considerable disruption seen in this sector in the last decade. Hyperconnectivity is nevertheless viewed positively, and organisations believe they are adapting well. Eight out of ten respondents believe that hyperconnectivity has been beneficial for their organisation, and only one-third say it presents more threats than opportunities. This may reflect the fact that its impact within organisations has been broadly positive by boosting collaboration, for example. However, the extent to which organisations have adapted is limited. Under half of respondents have introduced digital skills training, and while experts predict that it calls for deep organisational change, just under one in five (19%) expect to reshape their business “radically” in response to hyperconnectivity. The Internet is still seen as having more potential to be revolutionary than mobile technology and the Internet of Things (IoT). This is true even among industries such as manufacturing, in which embedded IoT connectivity is expected to have far-ranging implications. This suggests that companies expect the future impact of hyperconnectivity to be a continuation of historical trends, rather than introducing new and unprecedented changes. Executive summary
  • 5. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 20154 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations Executives see digital offerings from established competitors—not start-ups—as their biggest source of competitive pressure. The threat of disruption by a Silicon Valley start-up is one of the most widely discussed challenges businesses face today, but in fact more respondents say they have felt severe or moderate competitive pressure from the digital strategies of their established competitors. Hyperconnectivity is seen as important, but there are signs of inertia or complacency. Experts interviewed for this report warn of the need for “deep” and “fundamental” organisational change, and the risk of “irrelevance”. While they acknowledge hyperconnectivity’s significance, most respondents give few signs of this kind of radical action. Time will tell if their confidence is merited.
  • 6. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 20155 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations It is not yet known how many smart watches—a recent high-profile extension of hyperconnectivity— Apple has sold since they were introduced in April 2015. Market watcher Slice Intelligence, which analyses US consumer spending, believes the number to be around 2.5m worldwide, which suggests that annual sales will be around 11m units. This is not a bad start for a new product, but it’s a drop in the ocean compared with the 60m-plus iPhones sold in the first quarter of 2015 alone. Observers are eagerly watching for clues whether the Apple Watch will be a short-lived toy, with limited functionality and a fierce price tag, or whether it will follow the lead of earlier Apple products, from the iPod to the iPad, and create a new market segment. Mark Curtis, chief client officer at service-design consultancy Fjord, is among the believers. Sales will be big, he expects, “because you don’t have to take them out of your pocket”. It’s the sort of simple advantage that has the potential to change consumer behaviour—and in so doing change the face of business. In October 2014 The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) published The hyperconnected economy, an examination of how the rapid increase in the interconnectedness of people, organisations and objects seen in the last 30 years is affecting the global economy. It found that from a global perspective, this hyperconnectivity is a tide that raises all boats—in fact, hyperconnectedness is expected to be especially valuable for developing economies. But for organisations, it poses challenges as well as opportunities. Look no further than the industries disrupted by online media delivery or mobile apps, such as publishing or camera manufacturing, to see how high the stakes are. In the second phase of the hyperconnected economy programme, therefore, we investigate the organisational impact in more detail through a survey of executives and a series of expert interviews (see “About this study”). This reveals that businesses are well aware of the significance of hyperconnectivity—indeed, the majority believe that adapting to it is the key challenge their organisation faces. But there are also signs of a degree of complacency. The majority of companies believe they are doing a good job of adapting to hyperconnectivity. Yet while experts warn of the need for substantial changes, there is little evidence in our survey sample that radical measures are under way. Introduction
  • 7. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 20156 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations Organisations are well aware of how significant hyperconnectivity is for their future, this study reveals. Nearly six out of ten (59%) respondents agree that failing to adapt to hyperconnectivity is the biggest danger faced by their company. Predictably, its importance is most keenly felt in those industries that have been most acutely affected by the Internet so far. More than two- thirds (68%) of retailers say that the need to adapt to hyperconnectivity is their company’s biggest challenge, for example, with a well above-average 44% saying that it “presents more threats than opportunities” (compared with one-third of all respondents). This is not surprising given the disruption caused to their industry over the past decade or more. A wave of retailers, from the bookseller Borders to the video chain Blockbusters, has been driven out of business as sales have migrated to the net. More recently, retailers have been struggling to get to grips with omnichannel retail, linking different sales platforms such as physical stores, the Internet and smartphones. These have often been launched as separate divisions and profit centres, leading to unfortunate outcomes, such as the refusal by a retailer, for example, to accept at a physical store returned items that had been bought online. Addressing this situation requires “fundamental change”, says David McCorquodale, head of retail Understanding the challenge 1 Agree Disagree Don’t know Consumer goods Financial services Healthcare, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology IT and technology Manufacturing Retailing Chart 1. The majority of firms believe that failure to adapt to hyperconnectivity is their organisation’s biggest risk Failure to adapt to hyperconnectivity is the biggest risk that our organisation faces (% respondents) Source: The Economist Intelligence Unit survey, May 2015. 45 33 21 64 24 12 55 33 13 67 29 5 60 30 10 68 21 12
  • 8. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 20157 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations at KPMG. Sometimes, even established retailers are at a surprisingly early stage here. UK retailer Marks & Spencer only took control of its own website last year; previously its online sales had been outsourced to Amazon. Now, it has relaunched some of its stores to offer omnichannel services, with iPad-wielding sales assistants and Internet kiosks allowing customers to buy items online if they are not available in-store. Retail remains one of the starkest examples of the upheaval that can be wrought by rapidly changing consumer behaviour enabled by new connectivity, but the same argument applies to many other sectors. Some of these sectors may be underestimating hyperconnectivity’s disruptive potential, the survey suggests. Only 45% of consumer goods companies, for example, consider hyperconnectivity to be their greatest threat (see chart 1). In fact, these companies are arguably among the most exposed. Hyperconnectivity is disrupting the retail channels through which they reach customers. It is also assisting the globalisation of manufacturing, which affects the goods they sell, and it is empowering customers to provide feedback over the Internet and social media, which affects everything from branding to marketing. Nike, for example, has transformed itself from a sportswear maker to a fitness and lifestyle brand, using social media to foster communities and driving customer engagement through mobile fitness apps. Car companies are integrating digital connectivity both into their production and into the products themselves, thereby improving component design and mechanical reliability. Most companies have acknowledged the scale of the challenge posed by hyperconnectivity, the survey reveals. However, it also suggests that they have not acknowledged how much they will need to change.
  • 9. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 20158 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations The three components of hyperconnectivity, as defined in this study, are the Internet, mobile technology and the Internet of Things. It is not surprising that for the majority of respondents the first of these—the Internet—has had a revolutionary or significant effect on their organisation so far (84%, versus 71% for mobile and 71% for the IoT). It is surprising, however, that respondents are most likely to say that the Internet will have such an effect in the next three years (80%, versus 75% for mobile and just 57% for the IoT). Even among manufacturers, only 61% believe the IoT will have a revolutionary or significant effect. This is especially surprising given the transformational impact that the embedded systems are expected to have both on the manufacturing process and on the resulting products. This suggests that respondents might be more focused on the hyperconnectivity trends they know and understand than the ones that are still emerging. This helps to explain why respondents are remarkably confident about their progress in adapting to hyperconnectivity. Overall, a significant majority (69%) say they are doing a decent job of adapting to hyperconnectivity—even in the least confident sector (healthcare), around two-thirds of respondents reckon they are adapting well. This confidence may also reflect the fact that for many respondents, hyperconnectivity has had a positive organisational impact so far. For example, 45% believe that collaboration, both within and between divisions, has improved as a result of hyperconnectivity. The most commonly cited organisational impact of hyperconnectivity is that business processes have accelerated, as identified by 47% of respondents. Companies appear to be reacting to this acceleration of pace through automation: the most common organisational response to hyperconnectivity is to have automated business processes (46% of respondents). Nonetheless, respondents’ bullishness masks fairly limited progress. For example, only 39% have introduced digital skills training. With companies from banks to shops saying that their offerings need to span web and physical stores and manufacturers talking of the importance of digitalisation to improving efficiency, digital skills might be expected to be standard across industries by now. Many respondents believe that the continued growth of hyperconnectivity will change power dynamics in the organisation, with 45% saying the control of central management will be reduced. This is a positive indication, given the recommendation of Fjord’s Mr Curtis that companies need to become more agile, with less rigid hierarchies, if they are to evolve at the pace of hyperconnectivity. Mr Curtis likens the process to the different states of matter. Many companies are still in a solid Organisational adaptation 2
  • 10. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 20159 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations On autopilot “Infotainment has become a core source of competitive advantage for the auto industry,” according to Phil Abram, chief infotainment officer at US car manufacturer General Motors. Now that engine and component design are increasingly standardised and fuel economy is regulated, in-car information and entertainment systems are among the few ways in which carmakers can differentiate their products these days. GM is currently rolling out 4G connectivity across its vehicle range worldwide, offering its customers more rapid Internet access on the move. Mr Abram says that “the essential elements of an infotainment system do not vary by [geographical] market, although the detail components might”. Another iconic US car maker, Ford, gained a competitive edge by launching an effective infotainment system back in 2007, ahead of many of its rivals. However, it damaged its reputation with a glitch-ridden upgrade some time later, which is now being replaced by a simpler, more reliable system. In reality, both companies are largely outsourcing the work for these infotainment systems to companies like Microsoft, which have developed software that allows people to link their smartphones to the car’s own systems. The carmakers themselves are concentrating many of their own resources on the information side, feeding car-performance information to drivers and dealers to allow for timely maintenance, and to their own development teams so that real information continuously informs product development and production. According to Jim Buczkowski, Ford’s director of electronics and electrical systems engineering, one challenge is the need to sieve the mass of information now available from in-car sensors to extract that which is usable. Ford hired in a chief data and analytics officer at the end of last year to co-ordinate these efforts in what Mr Buczkowski describes as a “company reorganisation”. In other words, these companies are putting some “meat on the bones” of theories of smart production and product development as they start to get to grips with analysing the wealth of data they can now generate. They are also keeping a keen eye on developments from tech competitors such as the search engine Google, which has a project to develop a driverless car. GM has worked with Google (and Apple) on bringing phone integration to its vehicles. Phone integration allows users to interact with select applications from their smartphones through the vehicle systems (steering wheel controls, touch screen, etc.). “We make sure that we can change with the market by building platforms,” he says, adding that driverless cars could completely change the market for everything from commuter cars to taxis. Rather than fighting to protect its existing customer base, GM plans to ensure that it has the products to sell to the new type of customer. state, stable and predictable but slow to react to change. More advanced firms have become fluid, with adaptable structures that can flow into new areas as they emerge. The real need, he says, is for companies to become like gas—formless beasts that exist to cater for constantly changing customer demand. Indeed, hyperconnectivity calls for “deep organisational change”, according to Mr Curtis. However, only 19% of survey respondents believe they will have to restructure “radically”. The same proportion (19%) has introduced a chief digital officer (CDO). There is some evidence to suggest that appointing an executive to lead digital activities is a growing trend: the CDO Club (a global network of chief digital officers) says that the number of CDOs is doubling each year—to 1,000 worldwide in 2014 and an expected 2,000 this year. US motor giant General Motors, for example,
  • 11. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201510 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations hired Phil Abram as its chief infotainment officer last year to advance the information and entertainment systems built into its cars. Previously, Mr Abram had worked for electronics firms such as Japan’s Sony as the carmaker recognised that shifting consumer tastes meant looking beyond its traditional expertise. Similarly, Aviva, the international insurer, hired Andrew Brem as its chief digital officer in August last year to overhaul its digital interaction with customers. His background was with utility and mobile-phone companies, rather than in insurance. It is debatable whether a new executive role is the best way for every company to adapt to hyperconnectivity, so the low base of CDOs in our sample is not necessarily evidence of inertia. Nevertheless, there are signs in the survey data that on an organisational level, companies are overly confident of their ability to weather the hyperconnectivity storm. When asked about how it has affected their competitive stance, the story is quite different. Revolutionary impact Significant impact Limited impact No impact Don’t know / not applicable Internet Mobile IoT Chart 2. More respondents believe the Internet will have a more significant or revolutionary impact in the next three years than the Internet of Things What impact do you expect the following technologies to have in the next three years? (% respondents) Source: The Economist Intelligence Unit survey, May 2015. 34 46 13 3 4 33 42 14 5 6 31 26 18 6 18
  • 12. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201511 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations Much has been written about the disruptive potential of digital companies, from big retailers such as Amazon and eBay to person-to-person platforms such as Airbnb, a site allowing people to rent out their houses to people who might otherwise choose a hotel. The impact of these companies has been strong, driving scores of shops, magazines and indeed hotels to the wall as they lose sales to online competitors. Nonetheless, our survey finds that executives are more concerned with competition from existing companies than with being wiped out by a wave of new-tech upstarts: some 57% say that they have faced notable competitive pressure from digital products launched by established companies, compared with less than half who feel pressure from digital start-ups. Respondents expect competition on both fronts to grow in future. This is not as surprising as it might seem at first glance. While the likes of Amazon and Airbnb are highly visible owing to their novelty, in many industries established players remain dominant. In these sectors, the main contribution of digital start-ups has been to force companies to adopt digital practices. Supermarkets offer an example. In many countries, online groceries were first launched by Internet-only brands, such as Ocado in the UK. As time went on, supermarkets launched their own Internet-based grocery services. Online sales still account for only a small proportion of grocery shopping, but the big supermarket chains, from Carrefour in France and Asia to Walmart in the US, are spending heavily on their own online offerings. These operate in parallel with services such as Click & Collect, which exploit their big store networks and provide an advantage over Internet-only retailers such as Amazon. The strategic significance of such moves online is evident in the fact that supermarkets appear to be underpricing this service. According to HSBC’s retail analyst Dave McCarthy, the true cost of a home delivery is around £20 (about US$30), whereas supermarkets typically charge £3-4. In the UK alone, he estimates that this underpricing costs the major supermarket chains £100m a year. Clearly, though, supermarket retailers consider this burden to be preferable to the losses suffered by rivals which are only now struggling to break into the online market. It is a similar story in other sectors. International banks, from HSBC to Citibank, have started to offer smartphone apps allowing people to make payments and complete other transactions from mobile devices. Other sectors of the financial services industry are following suit. Insurance, for example, has lagged behind banking to date, but that is beginning to change as the sector is waking up to the competitive consequences of hyperconnectivity says Mr Brem at Aviva. “It’s only a matter of time before a digital disrupter hurts insurers,” he says, pointing to the impact of digital start-ups from PayPal to the taxi Market disruption 3
  • 13. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201512 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations Will create severe competitive pressure Will create moderate competitive pressure Will create limited competitive pressure Will create no competitive pressure Don’t know / not applicable Start-ups driven by digital technology Digital offerings from our traditional competitors Established companies that are using digital technology to enter our market(s) for the first time Chart 3. Respondents are more likely to see digital offerings from traditional competitors as sources of severe or moderate competitive pressure than start-ups How do you expect the following to affect competition in the next three years? (% respondents) Source: The Economist Intelligence Unit survey, May 2015. 25 33 20 17 6 23 43 20 9 4 22 35 25 13 5 service Uber. “With Uber, it’s one click and your car is on its way. You can see it approach on a map. You know who your driver is. No cash, no hassle. People will start to resent firms that do not offer this [kind of] convenience.” He points out that digital has already transformed many areas of finance, from payments to lending and investing, but that insurance has yet to embrace the change. Customers now expect a choice of ways to interact with their insurer or broker, in person, over the phone, online or through chat rooms. That means insurers must join up their services in the same way as omnichannel retailers. Mr Brem adds that “we have a mass of data allowing us to personalise offerings to customers”. Motorists can use data from their cars to show that they are safe drivers, reducing premiums, while homeowners and people buying health insurance can be monitored to show their risk levels, allowing them to take out cover tailored to their needs and lifestyles. “It’s a great opportunity—and we will become irrelevant if we don’t take it.” Fortunately, just as hyperconnectivity exposes companies to new sources of competition, it also allows them to exert some pressure of their own. Nearly half of respondents (47%) say their organisations have reacted to the competitive pressure resulting from hyperconnectivity by entering new markets—far more than those who have lowered prices (28%) or exited the market (18%), for example. Meanwhile, 41% say hyperconnectivity has allowed them to identify new markets that are suitable for them to enter.
  • 14. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201513 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations Our study shows that companies are well aware of the significance of hyperconnectivity. The unprecedented uptick in interconnectedness that began with the Internet, was extended by mobile technology and now continues with the Internet of Things is not just a technological trend—it is one of the era’s defining characteristics. It’s little wonder that companies see adapting to it as their greatest challenge. Their confidence in their ability to do that should not be dismissed out of hand. Compared with the aftermath of the dot-com crash, when anyone making grand claims about the Internet was treated with suspicion, there is now widespread acknowledgment of the significance of digital technology. It stands to reason, therefore, that organisations have made some progress in putting it to use. However, the consensus among experts in the field is that gradual progress will not be enough to meet the growing competitive pressure that companies will encounter as hyperconnectivity intensifies. They believe radical restructuring is in order—and yet only one in five survey respondents expect to undertake such an endeavour. This implies a deficit in leadership. Whether or not they appoint an executive with specific responsibility for digital business, organisations will only effect substantial change if it is led from the top. The hyperconnected economy calls for hyperconnected leaders. Conclusion
  • 15. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201514 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations Appendix: Survey results Percentages may not add to 100% owing to rounding or the ability of respondents to choose multiple responses. In which of the following business functions does the Internet play a crucial role at your organisation? Select all that apply. (% respondents) Finding new customers Communicating with customers Working with suppliers Managing internal operations Developing and delivering products and services Collaborating internally 80 80 73 73 73 72 In which of the following business functions does mobile technology play a crucial role at your organisation? Select all that apply. (% respondents) Communicating with customers Collaborating internally Managing internal operations Developing and delivering products and services Working with suppliers Finding new customers 68 68 53 53 50 42
  • 16. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201515 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations In which of the following business functions does the Internet of Things (IoT) play a crucial role at your organisation? Select all that apply. (% respondents) Developing and delivering products and services Working with suppliers Managing internal operations Collaborating internally Finding new customers Communicating with customers 46 41 40 37 32 32 In which functions do you expect the Internet to play a crucial role in three years’ time? Select all that apply. (% respondents) Finding new customers Communicating with customers Working with suppliers Developing and delivering products and services Collaborating internally Managing internal operations 77 77 75 74 73 73 In which functions do you expect mobile technology to play a crucial role in three years’ time? Select all that apply. (% respondents) Communicating with customers Collaborating internally Managing internal operations Working with suppliers Developing and delivering products and services Finding new customers 74 67 61 60 59 57
  • 17. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201516 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations In which functions do you expect the Internet of Things (IoT) to play a crucial role in three years’ time? Select all that apply. (% respondents) Developing and delivering products and services Managing internal operations Communicating with customers Working with suppliers Finding new customers Collaborating internally 59 50 49 49 45 45 Revolutionary impact Significant impact Limited impact No impact Don’t know / not applicable Internet Mobile IoT How would you describe the impact that the Internet, mobile technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) have had on your organisation so far? (% respondents) 44 40 11 3 1 24 47 18 4 6 18 23 27 12 20 Revolutionary impact Significant impact Limited impact No impact Don’t know / not applicable Internet Mobile IoT What impact do you expect them to have over the next three years? (% respondents) 34 46 13 3 4 33 42 14 5 6 31 26 18 6 18 Agree Disagree Don’t know / not applicable Hyperconnectivity has been beneficial for my organisation Hyperconnectivity has been beneficial for my industry Hyperconnectivity presents more threats than opportunities Failure to adapt to hyperconnectivity is the biggest risk that our organisation faces My organisation is doing a good job of adapting to hyperconnectivity Do you agree with the following statements? (% respondents) 86 7 7 83 9 8 30 56 13 59 30 11 69 18 13
  • 18. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201517 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations Have created severe competitive pressure Have created moderate competitive pressure Have created limited competitive pressure Have created no competitive pressure Don’t know / not applicable Start-ups driven by digital technology Digital offerings from our traditional competitors Established companies that are using digital technology to enter our market(s) for the first time To what degree have the following factors placed competitive pressure on your firm in the last three years? (% respondents) 17 32 23 22 6 17 40 29 10 4 14 35 27 18 6 Will create severe competitive pressure Will create moderate competitive pressure Will create limited competitive pressure Will create no competitive pressure Don’t know / not applicable Start-ups driven by digital technology Digital offerings from our traditional competitors Established companies that are using digital technology to enter our market(s) for the first time And how do you expect them to affect competition in the next three years? (% respondents) 25 33 20 17 6 23 43 20 9 4 22 35 25 13 5 How has your organisation adapted to the competitive pressure resulting from hyperconnectivity? Select all that apply. (% respondents) Lowered prices Lowered margins Entered new markets Exited markets Divested divisions Acquired one or more competitors for their digital capabilities None of the above Don’t know 28 28 47 17 19 26 14 4
  • 19. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201518 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations Which of the following strategies have you adopted as a result of hyperconnectivity? Select all that apply. (% respondents) Diversified our channel partners Used digital channels to enter new markets (ie, sell new categories of product or service) Launched products or services that are only available through digital channels Adopted dynamic pricing for sales through digital channels Sold directly to customers for the first time Offered prices that are only available through digital channels None of the above Don’t know 38 38 35 29 25 25 12 3 How do you think the continued growth of hyperconnectivity will affect your organisation’s position within your industry in the future? Select all that apply. (% respondents) Digital channel partners will become the dominant force in our markets We will acquire one or more digital start-ups Our market share will be significantly reduced as a result of digitally-enabled competition We will merge with a more digitally capable organisation We will divest or close production and focus on distribution We will divest or close distribution and focus on production None of the above Don’t know 34 31 19 17 15 14 19 8 What impact has hyperconnectivity had on global competition in your industry? Select all that apply. (% respondents) Hyperconnectivity has: Lowered barriers to entry for foreign companies in the developed economies in which we operate Lowered barriers to entry for foreign companies in the developing economies in which we operate Boosted local competition in the developing economies in which we operate Boosted local competition in the developed economies in which we operate Helped us identify new markets that are suitable for us to enter None of the above Don’t know 33 30 35 32 40 11 5
  • 20. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201519 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations What impact has hyperconnectivity had on your supply chain so far? Select all that apply. (% respondents) Hyperconnectivity has: Improved our ability to find suppliers from around the world Improved our ability to select suppliers competitively Improved our ability to work with international suppliers Reduced our supply costs Increased the range of materials we can purchase through our supply chain Increased visibility into our supply chain Increased the complexity of our supply chain Improved the reliability of our supply chain None of the above Don’t know 34 39 38 35 27 33 20 26 8 6 What impact do you think the continued growth in hyperconnectivity will have on your company’s global business and its supply chain? Select all that apply. (% respondents) Declining barriers to market entry will help us grow internationally Declining barriers to market entry will place us under increasing pressure in our established markets An increasingly globalised supply chain will allow us to reduce costs significantly An increasingly globalised supply chain will expose us to greater risk Increasing demand from global markets through digital channels will require us to expand globally Increasing automation of supply chain transactions will expose us to greater risk 34 39 45 26 27 16 What impact has hyperconnectivity had on your relationship with customers? Select all that apply. (% respondents) Customers mostly hear about us online Customers typically check online reviews or social media before purchase Our online reputation is the biggest influence on customer perception of our company We are reaching customers around the world for the first time through digital channels Digital channels allow us to search proactively for customer demand Digital channels have allowed more direct contact between customers and employees Digital channels are our principal means of communicating with prospects and customers 29 38 34 31 35 39 20
  • 21. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201520 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations Which of the following measures have you adopted as a result of hyperconnectivity? Select all that apply. (% respondents) Taken efforts to improve our visibility and reputation on social media that have improved our business Used digital processes to customise products and services to individual customers Fed customer information from digital channels into product development Embedded digital functionality into our products to measure customer use and/or improve customer service Built an integrated view of our customer interactions across all digital channels Boosted customer privacy as a way to differentiate our products and services 49 40 37 37 33 30 What impact do you think the continued growth of hyperconnectivity will have on your interactions with customers in the future? Select all that apply. (% respondents) Products and services will be increasingly tailored to customers’ individual needs Input from customers will be deeply integrated into product development Customer service will be mostly automated A more globally diverse customer base will challenge our ability to communicate with and engage with customers Our business will be more vulnerable to negative online publicity Mobile will become our primary customer interaction channel 51 41 33 33 32 31 What impact has hyperconnectivity had on your organisation? Select all that apply. (% respondents) Business processes have accelerated Collaboration within divisions and geographies has improved Collaboration between divisions and geographies has improved Organisational strategy has become more data-driven The pressure we are under to innovate has increased Our ability to innovate has increased Organisational strategy has become more effective 47 45 45 42 33 32 29
  • 22. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201521 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations What organisational measures has your company introduced as a result of or to derive greater benefit from hyperconnectivity? Select all that apply. (% respondents) Automated business processes Adopted agile development and/or project management techniques Introduced digital skills training Outsourced functions to accelerate digitisation Flattened the organisational hierarchy Appointed a chief digital officer 46 39 39 33 25 19 How do you think the continued growth of hyperconnectivity will affect your organisation in the future? Select all that apply. (% respondents) Our ability to effect substantial organisational change will increase We will reduce our staffing levels as more work is automated We will match employment opportunities to candidates faster and more effectively Information overload will damage the wellbeing of our employees Our organisation will have to radically restructure Ability of central management to control the organisation will be reduced 39 38 37 24 23 22 Better than average Worse than average Don’t know Profit Revenue growth Innovation Organisational agility How does your organisation’s performance compare with the average in its industry? (% respondents) 73 18 9 71 21 8 63 25 12 52 35 13
  • 23. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201522 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations $500m or less $500m to $1bn $1bn to $5bn $5bn to $10bn $10bn or more What are your organisation’s annual revenues in US dollars? (% respondents) 0 22 36 14 28 North America Asia-Pacific Western Europe Latin America Middle East In which region are you based? (% respondents) 30 30 30 7 2 Board member CEO/President/Managing director CFO/Treasurer/Comptroller CIO/Technology director CMO/Head of marketing COO/Head of operations CDO (Chief digital officer) CXO (Customer experience officer) Other C-level executive SVP/VP/Director Head of business unit Head of department Manager Other Which of the following best describes your job title? (% respondents) 2 6 4 8 3 2 1 1 3 12 6 19 31 2 Financial services Manufacturing IT and technology Healthcare, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology Consumer goods Retailing Energy and natural resources Aerospace and defence Automotive Chemicals Professional services Telecoms Transportation, travel and tourism Construction and real estate Logistics and distribution Education Government/Public sector Agriculture and agribusiness Entertainment, media and publishing What is your primary industry? (% respondents) 16 13 11 7 6 6 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1
  • 24. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201523 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations Finance IT Sales General management Human resources Marketing Procurement Strategy and business development Supply-chain management Operations and production Customer service Information and research Risk R&D Legal Other What is your main functional role? (% respondents) 11 11 11 10 9 9 9 7 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 3
  • 25. © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 201524 The hyperconnected economy: Phase 2 Hyperconnected organisations Whilst every effort has been taken to verify the accuracy of this information, neither The Economist Intelligence Unit Ltd. nor the sponsor of this report can accept any responsibility or liability for reliance by any person on this white paper or any of the information, opinions or conclusions set out in the white paper.
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