Presenting the From plans to land change: how strategic spatial planning contributes to the development of urban regions (CONCUR project, Swiss National Science Foundation) Visiting period at the Dep. of Human Geography, Stockholm University within the CONCUR project Dates: 29th of May - 23rd of June 2017

1. Eduardo Oliveira,
Postdoc researcher,
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL
TUESDAY, June 13th 2017,
Dep. of Human Geography, Stockholm University, Sweden
1
Oslo ViennaCopenhagenStockholm
How strategic spatial planning contributes
to the development of urban regions

2. 1. Introducing myself & research trajectory;
2. Introducing WSL;
3. Introducing the CONCUR project;
4. Detailing the 2nd aim of the project on territorial governance & SPP;
5. Clarifying the aims of this short research visit;
6. Sharing forthcoming event;
7. Sharing future research ambitions.
2
Agenda
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL

3. 1. Introducing myself & research trajectory;
2. Introducing WSL;
3. Introducing the CONCUR project;
4. Detailing the 2nd aim of the project on territorial governance & SPP;
5. Clarifying the aims of this short research visit;
6. Sharing forthcoming events;
7. Sharing future research ambitions.
3
Agenda
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL

4. Myself & Research trajectory
1982
2004
2008
2010
2011
2012-2016
2016 - 2017
Working experience Academic experience

5. Research trajectory: PhD stage
Objective: Lending a more geographical/spatial consciousness to the
process of place branding…+ responsible and more grounded in theory
Strands of reasoning

6. Place branding – THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK – strategic planning
( based on Albrechts et al., 2003; Kavaratzis, 2008)

7. Research trajectory: PhD stage
Challenges of regional branding integrated in strategic spatial planning
• The consensus challenge: difficulties of aligning all regional actors
• The decision-making challenge: some regions are devoid of a regional
authority with the autonomy or decision-making capacity to decide upon their
own future developments.
• The storyline challenge: coordinating the messages communicated and
streamlining efforts, not only across national and regional governments, but also
across the private sector.
• The consistency challenge: Regions, either functional or political
administrative, are composed of cities, towns and villages.
• The geographical location challenge: Some regions, either functional or
those well defined politically and administratively, are identified “simply” by
geographical coordinates such as North/Northern, South/Southern regions,
which does not highlight any distinctive element.

8. Main out puts
Oliveira, E. & Ashworth, G.J. (2017), Place branding in strategic spatial planning: challenges and
opportunities of branding regions, in Adriana Campelo (Ed.), Handbook of place branding, Edward Elgar
publishing.
Oliveira, E. (2016)​​​​​, Place branding as a strategic spatial planning instrument: a theoretical framework to
branding regions with references to northern Portugal, Journal of Place Management and Development*,
9(1), pp. 47-72.
· Oliveira, E. (2015)​​​​​, Constructing Regional Advantage in Branding the Cross-border Euroregion Galicia-
Northern Portugal​, Regional Studies, Regional Science, 2(1), pp. 340-348
· Oliveira, E. (2015)​​​​​, Place Branding in Strategic Spatial Planning: a content analysis of development plans,
strategic initiatives and policy documents for Portugal 2014-2020​, Journal of Place Management and
Development*, 8(1), pp. 23-50. = Outstanding Paper in the 2016 Emerald Literati Network
· Oliveira, E. & Panyik, E. (2015), Content, context and co-creation: Digital challenges in destination branding
with references to Portugal as a tourist destination. Journal of Vacation Marketing*, 21(1): 53-74.
· Oliveira, E. (2015), Place branding as a strategic spatial planning instrument. Place Branding and Public
Diplomacy*, 11(1): 18-33.
· Oliveira, E. (2014), The Tourism Potential of Northern Portugal and Its Relevance for a Regional Branding
Strategy, Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research Journal, 2(2): 54-78.
Oliveira, E. (2013), Digital complexity in destination branding: a preliminary analysis to destination
Portugal, Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism*, (Volume IV, Winter), 2(8):65-76.

9. • Introducing myself & research trajectory;
• Introducing WSL;
• Introducing the CONCUR project;
• Detailing the 2nd aim of the project on territorial governance & SPP;
• Clarifying the aims of this short research visit;
• Sharing forthcoming events;
• Sharing future research ambitions.
9
Agenda
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL

10. 10Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL
Introducing WSL
Is part of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH-Zürich domain

11. Introducing WSL
WSL “headquarters” in Birmensdorf

12. 12Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL
• Development and protection of natural and urban spaces;
• Solving problems to do with the responsible use of
landscapes and forests;
• Provides groundwork for sustainable environmental policies
in Switzerland.
Introducing WSL

13. 13Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL
Landscape, Birmensdorf*
Biodiversity*
Snow, avalanches, Davos
Natural Hazards, Davos
Forest*
Introducing WSL
Spatial Planning
Land change
Landscape Dynamics
research unit
Landscape ecology
research group

14. • Introducing myself & research trajectory;
• Introducing WSL;
• Introducing the CONCUR project;
• Detailing the 2nd aim of the project on territorial governance & SPP;
• Clarifying the aims of this short research visit;
• Sharing forthcoming events;
• Sharing future research ambitions.
14
Agenda
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL

15. • Total budget of CHF 2 million at WSL
• 5 years project (2016-2020)
• Timeframe of the current stage 1st Jan. 2016 – 31st Dec. 2017
• 1 project coordinator, 4 postdoc researchers & 3 PhDs
students during the 5 years of the project.
15Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL
Introducing the CONCUR project

16. 16Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL
Postdoc – AIM 1:
Simona R. Grădinaru
PhD in Urban Studies
Principal investigator,
head of landscape ecology
RG
project coordinator:
Anna M. Hersperger
Postdoc – AIM 3:
Sofia Pagliarin
PhD in Urban & Reg.
Studies
Postdoc – AIM 2:
Eduardo Oliveira
PhD in Spatial Planning
Postdoc – AIM 4:
Gaëtan Palka
PhD in Spatial Planning
3 PhDs:
Starting in July 2017
Introducing the CONCUR project
Landscape ecology research group

17. “To date land-change science has devoted little attention to spatial
planning in urban landscapes despite the widely accepted premise
that planning affects urban land change”
Introducing the CONCUR project
Research need

18. Conceptualizing the impact of strategic spatial planning on land
change through spatial information expressed in plans (A1),
territorial governance (A2), and supra-regional conditions (A3)
Introducing the CONCUR project
Main overall goal

19. Introducing the CONCUR project
The development of the theoretical model will be achieved in the
following specific aims
Aim 1
Aim 3
Establishing a method for measuring spatial information
contained in strategic plans (eg, maps, spatial diagrams).
Identifying the key components of territorial
governance in strategic spatial plan making and plan
implementation.
Identifying the main supra-regional conditions, and
their combinations in strategic spatial planning
Developing a systematic application of the theoretical
model in the context of land chance modelling &
developing operationalization tools to describe and
measure the components and their relationships.
Aim 4
Aim 2

20. Test applicability of
theoretical model
Test usefulness of
operationalization
tools
Bucharest
Austin, Texas
Test
Core concept 1:
Spatial information contained in
spatial strategic plans
Core concept 3:
Supra-regional conditions
Theoretical model
Core concept 2:
Governance performance
Zürich
Operationalization tools
20Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL
Scientific Approach
2016-2017 by 4 postdoc
Introducing the CONCUR project
2018-2020
By 3 PhD students
2016 2020

21. Driving forces
(potential selection)
• Population
• GDP
• Accessibility
• Technology
• Agricultural policy
• Topography
• Flood risk
• Other…
• Stra. Spa. Plan
TODAY
FUTURE 1
FUTURE 2
SCENARIOSMODEL INPUTS
Time 1 Time 2
Driving force strategic spatial planning composed of:
1. Spatial intention (map) (Aim 1)
2. Governance (Aim 2)
3. Supra-regional conditions (Aim 3)
• Separation between plans and projects under development
• Operationally no distinction between plan-making and plan-
implementation
• Governance and supra-regional conditions to urban functions,
such as housing/commercial uses, transportation.
• Multi-criteria analysis or similar techniques are used to
aggregate the influence of the three elements of spatial
planning into input map(s) for the LUCC model
A1. Spatial intention:
• Current land use
• Trend (derived from past and current)
• Strategic projects
• Plan content
• spatial concepts eg green belts,
polycentricity
A2. Governance:
• Most important governance components for
plans and projects
A3. Super-regional conditions:
• Conditions affecting plan content, conditions
affecting projects implementation.
LAND DATA
Conceptual integration of strategic spatial planning as a driver in
Land Use & Land Cover Change (LUCC) Models in urban regions
PAST
Aim 4

22. Introducing the
CONCUR project
Case studies
Vienna
Aim 1
22 urban regions
Multiple planning
systems/cultures
Various territorial
governance
approaches
Network
Availability of
strategic plans
ESPON
METREX

23. Society
at Large
more livable environments
Spatial
Planning
Science
plan evaluation
Land
Change
Science
Conceptualizing strategic spatial
planning as driver of land change
23Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL
Impacts
Introducing
the
CONCUR
project

24. • Introducing myself & research trajectory;
• Introducing WSL;
• Introducing the CONCUR project;
• Detailing the 2nd aim of the project on territorial governance & SPP;
• Clarifying the aims of this short research visit;
• Sharing forthcoming events;
• Sharing future research ambitions.
24
Agenda
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL

25. Detailing the 2nd aim of the project
Working hypothesis
“A governance framework will be useful to describe real-world spatial
plan making and plan implementation processes and to provide tools to
describe the key components” (in line with research proposal)
Objectives
• Investigate existing territorial-oriented governance approaches.
• Conduct qualitative research through practice-oriented interviewing
and documentary analysis.
• Develop a set of governance components in strategic spatial plan
making (step 1, output 1) and plan implementation (step 2, output 2).
• Contribute to the conceptual model and operationalization tools.

26. Detailing the 2nd aim of the project
Background: The conceptual and operational framework for analysing
territorial governance in strategic spatial planning processes (M & I)

27. Detailing the 2nd aim of the project
The conceptual and operational framework for analysing territorial
governance in strategic spatial planning processes (M & I)
7 key components Academic references Policy-oriented references
Coordination
Schmitt & Van Well (2016a);
Peterlin (2010);
Malone & Crowston, (1990).
ESPON/Nordregio (2013);
OECD (2001);
GDRC (1999).
Interest groups
Foster and Barnes (2012);
Healey et al. (2006);
Burby (2003).
ESPON/Nordregio (2013);
Barnes et al. (2012);
Working agenda
Foster & Barnes (2012);
Healey et al. (2006).
Barnes, Foster & Malakoff (2012);
GDRC (1999).
Citizen participation
Buijs et al. (2017);
Kahila-Tani et al. (2017);
Davoudi et al. (2008).
ESPON/Nordregio (2013);
OECD (2001);
GDRC (1999).
Scientific knowledge
Schmitt & Van Well (2016a);
Klijn & Koppenjan (2016);
Healey et al. (2006).
ESPON/Nordregio (2013);
Barnes et al. (2012) ;
GDRC (1999).
Accountability
Schmitt & Van Well (2016a);
Mäntysalo et al. (2015).
ESPON/Nordregio (2013);
GDRC (1999).
Leadership
Schmitt & Van Well (2016a);
Davoudi & Cowie (2016);
Foster & Barnes (2012).
ESPON/Nordregio (2013);
Barnes et al. (2012) ;
GDRC (1999).

28. Components Definitions
Coordination
CONCERNS THE PURPOSEFUL AND COLLABORATIVE ALIGNMENT OF THE
INTERESTS AND PERSPECTIVES of governments (e.g. national, regional [including
formal states, as in the German system], metropolitan and municipal), of quasi-
governmental organizations (e.g. chambers of commerce and industry), of NGOs (e.g.
nature protection), of educational institutions (e.g. universities, research centres) and of
for-profit organizations (e.g. retail companies and real estate developers).
Interest groups
This component reflects the GROUPS, FORMALLY OR INFORMALLY
CONSTITUTED, THAT MIGHT, OR MIGHT NOT, SHARE COMMON INTERESTS
regarding a specific territory or the accomplishment of a working agenda.
Working agenda
Must reflect, and COMPREHENSIVELY IDENTIFY, WHAT NEEDS TO BE
ACCOMPLISHED, such as ongoing social (e.g. gentrification), economic (e.g. the need
to boost jobs), cultural, housing (e.g. social housing), planning (e.g. urban sprawl) and
environmental issues (e.g. protecting green areas), together with possible solutions to
those issues, AVAILABLE RESOURCES AND THE RELEVANT INTEREST GROUPS.
Citizen participation
Citizens play a role in IDENTIFYING CONSTRAINTS AND THREATS, AS WELL AS IN
IDENTIFYING OPPORTUNITIES TO SUPPORT PLAN-MAKING. Citizens contribute to
the environmental, social and institutional resilience of urban regions.
Scientific
knowledge
Is the KNOWLEDGE PRODUCED BY UNIVERSITIES, research centres and other
scientific organizations.
Accountability
Is about ensuring that those in POSITIONS OF AUTHORITY, for instance the chief
planners of a regional planning department, ARE RESPONSIBLE TO THE PUBLIC
FOR MAKING DECISIONS that affect specific territories and for preparing strategic
plans that reflect the interests and utmost necessities of those territories
Leadership
Is the ability to ORGANIZE, COORDINATE AND GUIDE THE ACTIONS OF
RELEVANT INTEREST GROUPS IN PLAN-MAKING. Leadership may be performed
by individual actors (e.g. the director of a regional planning department) or by whole
institutions (e.g. a regional government)
Detailing the 2nd aim of the project

29. Detailing the 2nd aim of the project
Working definition:
Territorial governance is defined in this project as both formal and
informal processes through which an array of governmental institutions
(e.g. regional governments), non-governmental organizations (NGOs;
e.g. environmental NGOs), private actors (e.g. real estate agents),
educational institutions (e.g. universities) and civic-minded
developers come together to:
• share interests and knowledge of a territory,
• to identify key priority areas of intervention,
• to scrutinize the available resources, and
• to make decisions regarding the development of a territory.
(Schmitt & Van Well, 2016a; Mäntysalo, Kangasoja & Kanninen, 2015;
Legacy, 2010; Davoudi et al., 2008; Healey et al., 2006).

30. Detailing the 2nd aim of the project
Case study approachQualitative Methodology
Face to face in-depth interviews
Governance
In planning
process?
Document analysis
43 interviews with regional planners & planning experts, in…
+/- 4000 minutes of conversations
14 European urban regions, about…

31. Detailing the 2nd aim of the project
Interview guide
Coordination
Interest groups
Working agenda
Citizen participation
Scientific knowledge
Accountability
Leadership

32. Detailing the 2nd aim of the project
14 case studies
Vienna

33. Case study Organizations interviewed Discussed plans
Barcelona Àrea Metropolitana de Barcelona.
Mediaurban Agency.
Metropolitan Urban Master Plan (to be released in 2018)
with references to the General Metropolitan Plan 1976.
Cardiff Cardiff City Council.
Cardiff University.
Expert of practice in connectivity and regional
transportation.
Strategic Development Plan for the Cardiff City Region
(forthcoming) with references to the Cardiff Local
Development Plan 2006-2026, to the Cardiff Capital Region
City Deal and to South Wales Metro project.
Copenhagen Danish Business Authority.
University of Copenhagen.
Rudersdal City Council.
The Finger Plan 2015 - A Strategy for the Development of
the Greater Copenhagen Area with references to the Finger
Plan 2013 and 2007.
Dublin Dublin City Council.
Eastern and Midland Regional Assembly.
University College Dublin.
Regional Planning Guidelines for the Greater Dublin Area
2010-2022 with references to the Dublin City Development
Plan 2016-2022.
Edinburgh City of Edinburgh Council.
The Edinburgh and South East SESplan - Scotland
Strategic Development Planning Authority.
RTPI - Royal Town Planning Institute, Scotland.
University of Dundee.
Proposed Strategic Development Plan 2016 and Edinburgh
Local Development Plan 2016 with references to the
Strategic Development Plan 2013, to the Action
Programme 2016 and to the Main Issues Report 2015.
Hamburg Hamburg Metropolitan Region.
HafenCity University Hamburg.
Regional Plan 2005 with references to the Regional
Development Concept and to the Strategic Framework
2010.
Hannover Region Hannover.
Leibniz University Hannover.
Regional Spatial Planning Program (RROP) 2016 with
references to RROP 2005.
Detailing the 2nd aim of the project

34. Case study Organizations interviewed Discussed plans
Helsinki-
Uusimaa
City of Helsinki.
Helsinki-Uusimaa Regional Council.
Regional Land use Planning for Helsinki-Uusimaa Region
2016 with references to Helsinki City Plan - Vision 2050
Urban plan - the new Helsinki city plan.
Lyon Le Sepal - Syndicat mixte d’études et de
programmation de l’Agglomération Lyonnaise.
University Lumière Lyon
Schéma de cohérence territoriale de l'Agglomération
Lyonnaise – SCOT 2030.
Milan Città Metropolitana di Milano.
Politecnico di Milano.
Piano strategico triennale del territorio metropolitan
2016-2018 with references to “City of cities: A project for
Milan” (see Balducci, Fedeli and Pasqui, 2011).
Oslo-
Akershus
Akershus County Council.
Oslo City Council.
Regional Plan for Land Use and Transport in Oslo and
Akershus 2015.
Stockholm Stockholm City Council.
Stockholm County Council.
Nordregio - Nordic Center for Spatial
Development.
Regional development plan for the Stockholm region
RUFS 2010 with brief references to RUFS 2050.
Stuttgart Verband Region Stuttgart.
Cardiff University (on Stuttgart).
Regional plan 2009 with references to The Stuttgart
Region's Landscape Park, the Neckar Landscape Park.
Vienna Vienna City Council.
Austrian Institute for Regional Studies and Spatial
Planning.
Vienna University of Technology.
Planning cooperation for the Spatial Development of the
City Region of Vienna, Lower Austria and Burgenland
2011 (PGO 2011) with references to STEP 2025 - Urban
Development Plan Vienna.
Detailing the 2nd aim of the project

35. Territorial governance components influencing processes of
strategic plan-making in the selected 14 European urban regions
(i) What are the components of territorial governance strongly/weakly
influencing processes of strategic plan-making in each of the 14 case
studies?
(ii) What are the components of territorial governance playing a
primary/secondary role in influencing processes of strategic plan-
making in the overall context of the case studies?
(iii) What are the components of territorial governance influencing processes
of strategic plan-making in each case study that have not been considered
in the proposed framework?
Research questions, step 1, output 1

36. Case study*
STRONGLY
influence plan-making
WEAKLY
influence plan-making
Also influence
plan-making
Barcelona Interest groups;
Citizen participation; Leadership.
Coordination;
Working agenda; Scientific knowledge;
Accountability.
Consolidated practices of
strategic plan-making.
Cardiff Coordination;
Working agenda; Interest groups;
Citizen participation.
Scientific knowledge; Leadership;
Accountability.
Negotiation.
CopenhagenCoordination;
Interest groups;
Accountability;
Scientific knowledge.
Leadership;
Citizen participation; Working agenda.
Negotiation; Consensus-
building;
Trust;
Consolidated practices of
strategic plan-making.
Dublin Coordination;
Interest groups;
Scientific knowledge; Accountability.
Citizen participation; Working agenda;
Leadership.
Negotiation.
Edinburgh Interest groups;
Working agenda;
Citizen participation.
Coordination;
Scientific knowledge; Accountability;
Leadership.
Negotiation.
Hamburg Coordination;
Interest groups.
Working agenda;
Citizen participation;
Accountability;
Scientific knowledge; Leadership.
None.
Hannover Working agenda;
Coordination;
Interest groups;
Citizen participation;
Leadership;
Accountability.
Scientific knowledge; Consolidated practices of
strategic plan-making;
Negotiation;
Consensus-building.
Territorial governance components influencing processes of
strategic plan-making in the selected 14 European urban regions

37. Case study
STRONGLY
influence plan-making
WEAKLY
influence plan-making
Also influence
plan-making
Helsinki-
Uusimaa
Working agenda; Coordination;
Interest groups; Citizen participation;
Scientific knowledge.
Accountability;
Leadership.
Consensus-building.
Lyon Working agenda;
Interest groups.
Coordination; Citizen participation;
Scientific knowledge; Accountability;
Leadership.
Negotiation.
Milan Coordination;
Interest groups.
Citizen participation; Scientific
knowledge; Accountability; Leadership.
Negotiation.
Oslo-Akershus Coordination; Interest groups;
Working agenda; Citizen participation;
Accountability; Leadership.
Scientific knowledge. Negotiation; Consensus-
building;
Trust.
Stockholm Interest groups;
Coordination;
Working agenda.
Citizen participation;
Scientific knowledge;
Accountability;
Leadership.
Negotiation;
Consolidated practices of
strategic plan-making.
Stuttgart Coordination;
Interest groups; Accountability;
Leadership.
Citizen participation; Scientific
knowledge;
Working agenda;
Negotiation.
Consolidated practices of
strategic plan-making.
Vienna Coordination;
Interest groups.
Working agenda;
Accountability;
Citizen participation; Scientific
knowledge;
Leadership.
None.
In
the
overall
context
PRIMARY ROLE
• Interest groups (in 100% of N);
• Coordination (in 79% of N), and
• Working agenda (in 50% of N).
SECONDARY ROLE
Scientific knowledge (in 79% of N);
Leadership (in 71% of N);
Accountability (64% of N), and
Citizen participation (57% of N).
OTHER COMPONENTS
• Negotiation
• Consolidated practices of
strategic plan-making
• Consensus-building
• Trust
Territorial governance components influencing processes of strategic
plan-making in the selected 14 European urban regions

38. Territorial governance components influencing processes of
strategic plan-making in the selected 14 European urban regions
• Territorial governance has the potential to inform and support strategic spatial
planning in several ways.
• Territorial governance is not only planning-systems-sensitive but also
sensitive to the institutional settings;
• In cases of formally constituted regional authorities, such as in Hannover or
Stuttgart, strategic regional plan-making is considered at the heart of
planning efforts.
• Findings confirm the context sensitivity of territorial governance in
practice.
• In cases where plans are prepared in a more informal, but purposeful,
coordination among public, private and civil society, as in Oslo-
Akershus, regional planning is maximized and gains effectiveness.
Key findings

39. Oliveira, E. and Hersperger, A.M. (under review) Investigating the Components of
Territorial Governance Influencing Processes of Strategic Plan-Making in Urban
Regions: A European Perspective, Planning Practice & Research
Main Out puts
Detailing the 2nd aim of the project
Oliveira, E. (2016), Book Review - Territorial Governance across Europe - Pathways,
Practices and Prospects, Regional Studies, 50(11): 1943-1944.
Oliveira, E. (2017), Book Review - Situated Practices of Strategic Planning— An
international perspective, European Planning Studies, 25(2): 351-354.
Oliveira, E. (2017), Book Review - Decentralization in Environmental Governance -
A post-contingency approach, Journal of Planning Literature*, online first
Oliveira, E. (in press), Book Review - Local Government and Urban Governance in
Europe, Planning Theory & Practice
Oliveira, E. (in press), Book Review - Governance Networks in the Public
Sector, Governance

40. • Introducing myself & research trajectory;
• Introducing WSL;
• Introducing the CONCUR project;
• Detailing the 2nd aim of the project on territorial governance & SPP;
• Plan implementation
• Clarifying the aims of this short research visit;
• Sharing forthcoming events;
• Sharing future research ambitions.
40
Agenda
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL

41. Territorial governance components influencing processes of
strategic plan-implementation in the selected cases
Research questions, step 2, output 2
(i) What are the components of territorial governance influencing
processes of strategic spatial plan implementation in each of the 14 case
studies?
(ii) What is the role of negotiation, interest groups, funding schemes and
leadership in strategic spatial plan implementation in selected cases?
(iii) To what extent the interrelationships between interest groups, funding
schemes and leadership impact urban land change?

42. Case study Components
Barcelona Coordination
Leadership
Cardiff Interest groups
Negotiation
Multilevel government cooperation
Funding schemes
Copenhagen Negotiation
Multilevel government cooperation
Role of regional planners
Dublin Interest groups
Negotiation
Multilevel government cooperation
Funding schemes
Role of regional planners
Edinburgh Interest groups
Leadership
Negotiation
Interdepartmental cooperation
Funding schemes
Hamburg Interest groups
Leadership
Negotiation
Multilevel government cooperation
Funding schemes
Hannover Interest groups
Coordination
Leadership
Citizen participation
Negotiation
Consensus building
Multilevel government cooperation
Interdepartmental cooperation
Funding schemes
Case study Components
Helsinki-Uusimaa Interest groups
Coordination
Expert knowledge
Negotiation
Multilevel government cooperation
Action program
Lyon Interest groups
Negotiation
Multilevel government cooperation
Interdepartmental cooperation
Role of regional planners
Milan Interest groups
Multilevel government cooperation
Funding schemes
Role of regional planners
Oslo-Akershus Coordination
Negotiation; Consensus building
Multilevel government cooperation
Role of regional planners
Stockholm Interest groups
Leadership
Negotiation; Consensus building
Multilevel government cooperation
Interdepartmental cooperation
Stuttgart Leadership; Negotiation; Consensus
building; Multilevel government
cooperation
Funding schemes
Vienna Expert knowledge; Negotiation;
Consensus building; Multilevel
government cooperation;
Interdepartmental cooperation; Role of
regional planners
Territorial governance components influencing plan implementation

43. • Negotiation (12 of the 14 case studies)
• Multilevel government cooperation (12 of the 14 case studies)
• Interest groups (9 of the 14 case studies)
• Funding schemes (7 of the 14 case studies)
• Role of regional planners (6 of the 14 case studies)
• Leadership (6 of the 14 case studies)
• Consensus building (5 of the 14 case studies)
Main territorial governance components influencing processes of strategic
plan-implementation in the selected 14 European urban regions
In the overall context

44. The Role and Interrelationships of Interest Groups, Leadership, Negotiation
and Funding Schemes in processes of Strategic Plan Implementation
Source: Authors’ own elaboration.
Plan
Making
Interest groups
Coordination
Scientific knowledge
Spatial transformation and urban land change
Leadership
Accountability
Citizen participation
Territorial governance components
Plan
Implementat
ion
Negotiation
Interest groups
Funding Schemes
Leadership
Strategic spatial plans

45. Schematic representation of the interrelationships between negotiation,
interest groups, funding schemes and leadership in plan implementation.
Negotiation
Leadership
2) Influence 3) Contribute 4) Seek
5) Bring together
6) Lobbying
1) Discuss
Source: Authors’ own elaboration based on the literature.
Strategic spatial (regional) plan implementation process
7) Organize; lead; facilitate
communication
Funding Schemes
Interest groups
8) Support

46. 1) Funding schemes are often discussed during negotiations ahead of plan implementation.
(Buček, 2016);
2) Interest groups of different nature (e.g. social, economic, environmental) sit at the
negotiating table to influence the process of plan implementation by setting up priorities,
by establishing compromises and balance public with private interests (Breunig and Koski,
2017);
3) Private interest groups, often as result of negotiations (a bargaining process) contribute with
money to funding schemes (Lax and Sebenius, 1986);
4) Leadership has a core responsibility of seeking funding to support plan or project
implementation, when plans are implemented through projects (Healey, Purdue and Ennis,
1995);
5) Leadership interacts with interests groups and bring them together to support plan
implementation (Sotarauta and Beer, 2017);
6) Interests groups do lobbying a leadership in place to favour their interests to the detriment
of others (Davoudi and Cowie, 2016);
7) Leadership must organize, lead and easy the communication during negotiations
(Horlings, Collinge and Gibney, 2017).
Schematic representation of the interrelationships between negotiation,
interest groups, funding schemes and leadership in plan implementation.

47. The Role and Interrelationships of Interest Groups, Leadership, Negotiation
and Funding Schemes in processes of Strategic Plan Implementation
• Plan implementation involves negotiation as a bargaining of public versus
private interests.
• Private interest groups do lobby a regional leadership to prioritising
certain land interventions, such as new housing developments or retail
facilities; while non-for-profit groups, such as environmental NGOs, strain
to safeguard green infrastructures and public spaces.
• The political capacity of a leadership and the behaviour of regional
leaders is determinant in the decision-making regarding which land
intentions would be primarily implemented.
Key preliminary findings

48. Oliveira, E. and Hersperger, A.M. (in preparation) The Role and Interrelationships of
Interest Groups, Leadership, Negotiation and Funding Schemes in processes of
Strategic Plan Implementation, Land Use Policy
Main Out puts
Detailing the 2nd aim of the project
Oliveira, E. (in press), Book Review - Citizen Empowerment and Innovation in the
Data-Rich City, Journal of Urban Technology
Oliveira, E. (in press), Book Review - Sustainable Landscape Planning in Selected
Urban Regions, Journal of Urban Affairs
Oliveira, E. (under review), Book Review - Land Ownership and Land Use
Development: The Integration of Past, Present, and Future in Spatial Planning and
Land Management Policies, Landscape Journal

49. • Introducing myself & research trajectory;
• Introducing WSL;
• Introducing the CONCUR project;
• Detailing the 2nd aim of the project on territorial governance & SPP;
• Implementing Strategic Regional Plans through Urban-Regional
Development Projects
• Clarifying the aims of this short research visit;
• Sharing forthcoming events;
• Sharing future research ambitions.
49
Agenda
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL

50. • RQ1: What are the REASONS for the implementation of strategic spatial plans
through urban-regional development projects?
• RQ2: How are the TERRITORIAL GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS behind
the implementation of strategic plans through urban-regional development
PROJECTS CHARACTERIZED?
Implementing Strategic Regional Plans through
Urban-Regional Development Projects
Detailing the 2nd aim of the project
Urban regions, in a scenario of limited resources, have been implementing
strategic spatial PLANS THROUGH AREA-SPECIFIC and FUNCTIONALLY-
ORIENTED urban-regional development projects.
The hypothesis of departure
Research questions

51. Case study Examples of projects Main urban function
of the projects
The reasons for the implementation
plans through projects
Territorial governance
behind project-making
Barcelona Several urban
regeneration projects
Urban regeneration
Residential
City-making
Limited financial resources, mainly at
the municipal level.
Collaboration between
municipalities and the AMB.
Cardiff South Wales Metro. Residential
Retail
Transportation
Limited financial resources. Collaboration between the
UK and the Welsh
governments and city
councils.
Copenhagen Nordhavn & others. Residential
Retail
Transportation
Cruise tourism
Scarce land resources.
The need to repurpose outdated
harbour facilities.
Collaboration between
municipalities and the
Danish government.
Dublin North Lotts & Grand
Canal Dock Strategic
Development Zone
Planning & others.
Residential
Retail
Business
Public spaces
Transportation
Limited financial resources.
The need to repurpose outdated
harbour and industrial facilities.
Collaboration between
public authorities such as
Dublin City Council and
private interest groups
Edinburgh Several projects (names
not specified during
interviews).
Innovation hubs
Infrastructures
Residential
Cultural tourism
Limited financial resources. Collaboration between
the six local authorities and
the UK and Scottish
Governments.
Hamburg Several projects (names
not specified during
interviews).
Retail; Tourism
Culture
Transportation
Residential Green
infrastructure
Scarce land resources. Limited financial
resources at the municipal level.
Limited technical resources.
The need to repurpose outdated
harbour facilities.
Collaboration between
Hamburg Metropolitan
Region and municipalities
located in Hamburg Region.
Hannover Several projects (names
not specified during
interviews).
Residential
Transportation
Retail
Green infrastructure
Scarce land resources.
Limited financial and technical
resources at the municipal level.
The need to repurpose outdated
industrial facilities.
Collaboration between
Region Hannover and
municipalities in the region.
Examples of projects & reasons for the implementation through projects

52. Case study Examples of projects Main urban function
of the projects
The reasons for the implementation
plans through projects
Territorial governance
behind project-making
Helsinki-Uusimaa Several projects (names
not specified during
interviews).
Residential
Transportation
Green infrastructure
Scarce land resources.
Limited financial resources at the
municipal level.
Collaboration between
Helsinki-Uusimaa Regional
Council and municipalities.
Lyon Redeveloping of Lyon
Part-Dieu district &
others on housing and
transportation.
Residential
Food; Energy
Retail; Industrial
Limited financial resources.
Scarce land resources.
Environmental preoccupations
Collaboration between
Greater Lyon and private
interest groups.
Milan Welfare project
Urban; Regeneration
project; Habitability
project.
Residential
Urban regeneration
Limited financial resources.
Scarce land resources.
Projects promoted by a
variety of interest groups.
Oslo-Akershus Several projects (names
not specified during
interviews).
Residential
Retail; Transportation
Green infrastructure
Public spaces
Scarce land resources.
Environmental preoccupations.
The need to repurpose outdated
harbour and breweries facilities.
Partnership between
Akershus County Council and
Oslo City Council.
Stockholm Stockholm Royal
Seaport & others
Residential;
Transportation; Retail
Green infrastructure
Public spaces
Scarce land resources.
Scarce built up areas.
Environmental preoccupations.
Partnership between
Stockholm City Council and
Stockholm County Council.
Stuttgart Neckar Landscape Park Green infrastructure
Public spaces;
Residential; Industrial;
Transportation
Limited financial resources at the
municipal level; Scarce land resources.
Environmental preoccupations.
Collaboration between VRS
and municipalities.
Collaboration between VRS
and private groups.
Vienna Project for reconversion
of rail facilities into
residential and
commercial areas;
Aspern Seestadt project.
Residential;
Transportation
Industrial; Green
infrastructure
Water front
regeneration
Limited financial resources.
Scarce land resources.
Scarce built up areas.
The need to repurpose outdated railway
facilities.
Partnership between Vienna
City Council and Austrian
Railway network owner
(ÖBB-Infrastruktur AG).
Other public-private
collaborations.
Examples of projects & reasons for the implementation through projects

53. MAIN URBAN FUNCTION OF
THE PROJECTS
MAIN JUSTIFICATION FOR PLAN
IMPLEMENTATION THROUGH PROJECTS:
MAIN TYPE OF TERRITORIAL
GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS
1) Residential;
2) Transportation;
3) Green infrastructures;
4) Retail;
5) Public spaces;
6) Industrial.
1) Limited financial resources;
2) Scarce land resources;
3) Repurposing of outdated facilities;
4) Environmental preoccupations.
1) Collaborations among public
entities;
2) Collaborations between
public entities and private
interest groups.
RESIDENTIAL
LIMITED FINANCIAL
RESOURCES
COLLABORATIONS
AMONG PUBLIC
ENTITIES
Implementing Strategic Regional Plans through
Urban-Regional Development Projects

54. Source: Authors’ own elaboration.
STRATEGIC
REGIONAL
PLAN
IMPLEMENTATION
Urban-regional
development
projects
Local
development
plans
Residential
Transportation
Green infrastructures
RQ 2: Collaborations between multilevel tiers of government
Funding schemes at EU, national and regional levels
RQ 1: Scarce financial and land resources + repurposing of
outdated facilities + environmental preoccupations
Retail
Public spaces
Industrial
Imple.
Path B
Imple. Path A
Schematic representation of strategic regional plan implementation in the
selected cases.
A = implementing local development plans in an organic manner (i.e., through a
concerted implementation effort without projects):
B = obliged to engage with national or regional governments to seek funding so
they can implement plans through projects.

55. Oliveira, E. and Hersperger, M.A. (2017) Overcoming Resource Scarcity by
Implementing Strategic Regional Plans through Urban-Regional Development
Projects: A European Perspective, Paper accepted for presentation during the AESOP
congress, 11-14 July, Lisbon, Portugal.
Main Out puts
Detailing the 2nd aim of the project
Oliveira, E. & Hersperger, M.A. (2016) The impacts of strategic spatial planning on
land change in European urban regions, Global Land Programme - 3rd Open Science
Meeting, 24-27 October 2016, Beijing, The People's Republic of China.

56. • Introducing myself & research trajectory;
• Introducing WSL;
• Introducing the CONCUR project;
• Detailing the 2nd aim of the project on territorial governance & SPP;
• Clarifying the aims of this short research visit;
• Sharing forthcoming events;
• Sharing future research ambitions.
56
Agenda
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL

57. Knowledge exchange
Clarifying the aims of this short research visit
Territorial
governance
Nordic
planning
system
Stockholm
examples
Research
avenues
Refine a conceptual framework
Contribute to the overall aim of the
CONCUR project

58. • Introducing myself & research trajectory;
• Introducing WSL;
• Introducing the CONCUR project;
• Detailing the 2nd aim of the project on territorial governance & SPP;
• Clarifying the aims of this short research visit;
• Sharing forthcoming events;
• Sharing future research ambitions.
58
Agenda
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL

59. Expert Workshop, CONCUR Project, WSL Zürich, November, 9-10 2017
Sharing forthcoming events
How strategic spatial planning and land-change science interact.
• Peter Austin, City of Oslo, Norway
• Thomas Houet, University Rennes 2, France
• Gertrud Jørgensen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
• Raine Mäntysalo, Aalto University, Finland
• Frank Moulaert, KU Leuven, Belgium
• Peter Schmitt, Stockholm University, Sweden
• Jasper Van Vliet, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
• Peter Verburg, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Main goal
Confirmed experts

60. • Introducing myself & research trajectory;
• Introducing WSL;
• Introducing the CONCUR project;
• Detailing the 2nd aim of the project on territorial governance & SPP;
• Clarifying the aims of this short research visit;
• Sharing forthcoming events;
• Sharing future research ambitions.
60
Agenda
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL

61. Sharing future research ambitions
Operationalization tools: Governance performance calculator (ongoing work)
SURVEY

62. Sharing future research ambitions
Output 3
The interplay between territorial governance, strategic spatial plans
and urban land change
Funding proposal

63. Thank you
Eduardo Oliveira
eduardo.oliveira@wsl.ch
http://www.wsl.ch/fe/landschaftsdynamik/projekte/CONCUR/index_EN
http://cms.wsl.ch/info/mitarbeitende/oliveira/index_EN
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL 63