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Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                                           www.deri.ie




                    Using Linked Data and the Internet of
                       Things for Energy Management
                                       Invited Talk to Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology
                                                         13th March 2013

                                Edward Curry, Green and Sustainable IT



© Copyright 2011 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights
reserved.




                                                                           Enabling Networked Knowledge
The	
  Environment	
  is	
  on	
  Everyone’s	
  Agenda	
  




                                                             2	
  	
  
ICT’s	
  Mass	
  Produc:on	
  Carbon	
  Cost	
  




ICT	
  Accounts	
  for	
  
 Approximately...	
  

         2%	
  
                     …of	
  Global	
  CO2	
  Emissions.	
  
                     3	
  	
  
                                                    Source	
  Gartner	
  
McKinsey	
  2020	
  Report	
  




ICTs	
  could	
  deliver	
  approximately	
  7.8	
  GtCO2	
  of	
  emissions	
  savings	
  in	
  2020,	
  represenFng	
  a	
  
15%	
  of	
  emissions	
  cut	
  in	
  2020	
  and	
  600	
  billion	
  ($946.5	
  billion)	
  of	
  cost	
  savings.	
  ICT	
  can	
  
provide	
  business	
  soluFons	
  that	
  can	
  alleviate	
  at	
  least	
  five	
  Fmes	
  the	
  GHG	
  footprint	
  of	
  ICT	
  
itself	
  
Sustainable	
  IT	
  
•  Align	
  all	
  IT	
  processes	
  and	
  
   pracFces	
  with	
  the	
  core	
                   Reduce IT
   principles	
  of	
  sustainability,	
                 2%	
  
   which	
  are	
  to	
  reduce,	
  reuse,	
  
   and	
  recycle;	
  and	
  

•  Find	
  innovaFve	
  ways	
  to	
  use	
  
   IT	
  in	
  business	
  processes	
  to	
                98%	
  
   deliver	
  sustainability	
  
   benefits	
  across	
  the	
  
   enterprise	
  and	
  beyond.	
  
                   5	
  	
  
                                                   Improve Efficiency
Analytics Opportunity
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                         www.deri.ie




       n    2010 MIT Sloan / IBM report on Analytics
              ¨    Embedding business insight into day-to-day operations is
                    critical to success
              ¨    Single greatest opportunity and challenge for the data-
                    driven enterprise




                                                       Enabling networked knowledge
Energy	
  InformaFcs	
  




                              Energy	
  +	
  InformaFon	
  <	
  Energy	
  
                                                                                         	
  
•  Analyzing,	
  designing,	
  and	
  implemenFng	
  
       informaFon	
  systems	
  to	
  increase	
  energy	
  efficiency	
  
•  Adding	
  informaFon	
  to	
  the	
  energy	
  equaFon	
  to	
  
       reduce	
  energy	
  consumpFon	
  
   	
  R.	
  T.	
  Watson,	
  M.-­‐C.	
  Boudreau,	
  and	
  A.	
  J.	
  Chen,	
  InformaFon	
  Systems	
  and	
  Environmentally	
  Sustainable	
  Development:	
  
       Energy	
  InformaFcs	
  and	
  New	
  DirecFons	
  for	
  the	
  IS	
  Community,€	
  MIS	
  Quarterly,	
  vol.	
  34,	
  no.	
  1,	
  pp.	
  23-­‐38,	
  2010.	
  
                                                                                                                                                                        7	
  	
  
Challenge
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                      www.deri.ie




  n    2010 survey of 600+ CIOs & IT Managers
         ¨    Paucity of sustainability information (i.e energy)
         ¨    Lost opportunity to leverage information to
               improve sustainability
         ¨    Significant challenges ahead




                                                      Enabling Networked Knowledge
The	
  Smart	
  City
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                	
               www.deri.ie




                                                 Enabling Networked Knowledge
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                        www.deri.ie




                                                                      	
  
A	
  Smart	
  City	
  driver	
  of	
  change	
  will	
  be	
  Data.




                                                     Enabling Networked Knowledge
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                        www.deri.ie




                                        Enabling Networked Knowledge
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                        www.deri.ie




                                            bstr acts
                                        a
A Smart City removes silos moving
towards a connected digital layer.




                                                        Enabling Networked Knowledge
Silos’ Value                    Untapped Value
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                        www.deri.ie




                                                    Enabling Networked Knowledge
http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/publications/ig_data/pdfs/MGI_big_data_full_report.pdf
New Engineering Building at
                           NUI Galway
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                                           www.deri.ie


                                        Cost	
  -­‐	
  €	
  40,000,000	
  	
  	
  




                                                                           Enabling Networked Knowledge
                                                                                        14	
  
Research Motivation
                                   A Real-World Example
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                                                                                      www.deri.ie


                  Cost	
  -­‐	
  €	
  40,000,000	
  	
  	
     AirCon	
  8:30-­‐11:00	
  &	
  15:00-­‐16:00	
  Mon	
  to	
  Fri	
  	
  	
  




                           CO2	
  levels	
  
                                                                                                          Occupancy	
  Pagern	
  
                                                                                                  Time          Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
       ASHRAE	
  	
  
                                                                                                  08:00-­‐09:00
       62.1-­‐2010	
                                                                              09:00-­‐10:00 237               237      200      237
                                                                                                  10:00-­‐11:00          237      237      237      200
                                                                                                  11:00-­‐12:00 237      180      180      145      237
                                                                                                  12:00-­‐13:00 237      200      237      200      149
                                                                                                  13:00-­‐14:00                   145
                                                                                                  14:00-­‐15:00 221      237      145               140
                                                                                                  15:00-­‐16:00 221               120      160      140
                                                                                                  16:00-­‐17:00 149               250      160
                                                                                                  17:00-­‐18:00 200                        160

                                                                                        Enabling Networked Knowledge
                                                                                                     15	
  
Enterprise Energy Management
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                              www.deri.ie




  Energy Management Systems within an Enterprise will
         need to support four key requirements




                                              Enabling Networked Knowledge
Holistic Energy Consumption
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                              www.deri.ie


                                         FaciliFes	
  

                    Data	
  Centre	
                         Business	
  Travel	
  


                                                                    	
  
          Office	
  IT	
                                            Daily	
  Commute	
  

                                                                            	
  
                                           Holis:c	
  
                                           Energy	
  
                                         Management	
  
                                                          Enabling Networked Knowledge
Business Context of
                             Energy Consumption
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                                   www.deri.ie



                                                     Energy




                             Finance                                      Resource
                                                                          Allocation




                                                               Human
                                        Asset Mgmt            Resources




                                                                   Enabling Networked Knowledge
Multi-Level Energy Analysis
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                                      www.deri.ie
                                                                          CIO
   Strategic Analysis                         CEO
                                                                                  Example KPI:
   •    CIO needs high-level                                                      Energy used by
        business function power                                             global IT department
        usage
   •    CSO real-time carbon                                             Helpdesk
        emissions                       CSO                                      Example KPI:
                                                                                 PUE of the
   Tactical Analysis                                                        Data Center in Dublin

   •    Manager needs energy
        usage of business                                                Maintenance Personnel
        processes, business line or
                                                                                   Example KPI:
        group                                                                      kWhs used by
                                                                             server 172.16.0.8

   Operational Analysis
   •    Technician needs
        equipment power usage                                                   Building
   •    Low-level monitoring
        Sensors, events                                               Data Center



                                                           Enabling Networked Knowledge
                                               19 of XYZ
Energy Situational
                                Awareness
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                           www.deri.ie




       n    Help users to:
              ¨  Understand            energy data
              ¨  Make          appropriate energy saving decisions
              ¨  Support energy performance objectives and
                  other business performance objectives
                     –  human resources (i.e. occupancy comfort)
                     –  enterprise resource planning (i.e. room utilization).




                                                        Enabling Networked Knowledge
Key Challenges
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                         www.deri.ie



    n    Technology and Data Interoperability
           ¨    Data scattered among different information systems
           ¨    Multiple incompatible technologies make it difficult to use


    n    Interpreting Dynamic and Static Data
           ¨    Sensors, ERP, BMS, assets databases, …
           ¨    Need to proactively identify efficiency opportunities


    n    Empowering Actions
           ¨    Understanding of direct and indirect impacts of activities
           ¨    Embedding impacts within business processes


                                                      Enabling Networked Knowledge
                                          21
Interoperability
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                                     www.deri.ie




                                                                                  !
                     D. Chen, et al. “Architectures for enterprise integration and
                     interoperability: Past, present and future,” Computers in Industry 59(7)


                                                                Enabling Networked Knowledge
Barriers
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                        www.deri.ie


n    Conceptual barriers
       ¨  Syntactic             differences (format)
       ¨  Semantic               (interpretation of meaning)
n    Technological barriers
       ¨  Incompatibility of protocols, encoding,
           platforms, infrastructures, etc.
n    Organizational barriers
       ¨  Incompatibility  of definitions of
           responsibility, authority, and
           organizational structures


                                                        Enabling Networked Knowledge
Integration Approaches
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                          www.deri.ie



n    Integrated approaches
       ¨  Common                 format for all models
           exists
n    Unified approaches
       ¨  Uppermodel exists to facilitate
           mapping between models
n    Federated approaches
       ¨  No  common format exists but rather
           is done on the fly



                                                          Enabling Networked Knowledge
Emerging Trends
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                               www.deri.ie




         Everything is Connected
                  and..




                                            …Data is Shared on the
                                            Web with Linked Data


                                              Enabling networked knowledge
Proposed Approach
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                www.deri.ie



 n    Leverage key trends in
       information management
        ¨    Dataspace approach to
              information management
        ¨    Linked data approach to sharing
              information on the web
        ¨    Internet of Things to
              interconnect devices
 n    Information Interoperability
        ¨    Overcome technical and
              conceptual barriers
        ¨    Supports overcoming
              organizational barriers                                              !
                                                Enabling Networked Knowledge
What is a Dataspace?
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                                www.deri.ie



      n  Emerging data management architecture
      n  Recognizes expense obtaining upfront
          unifying schema across all sources
             ¨  Co-existence            of data without unifying schema
             ¨  Loosely            integrated set of data sources
      n    Data integrated on “as needed” basis
             ¨  Tighter integration achieved in an incremental
                 "pay-as-you-go" fashion

             Franklin, A. Halevy, and D. Maier From databases to dataspaces: a new
             abstraction for information management,” Sigmod Record, 34(4) 2005.



                                                           Enabling Networked Knowledge
DBMS vs Dataspace
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                     www.deri.ie




                                        DBMS          Dataspace

        Model                           Relational    All

        Formats                         Homogenous    Heterogeneous

        Control                         Complete      Partial

        Query                           Precise       Approximate

        Integration                     Explicit      Implicit/
                                                      Incremental


                                                     Enabling Networked Knowledge
The Web of Data
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                  www.deri.ie




                                                  Enabling Networked Knowledge
The Linked Open Data cloud
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                    www.deri.ie




                                                2008
                                             2007        2008           2010
                                                                        2009
                                                   2008      2009
                                                     2008




                                                    Enabling Networked Knowledge
                                                                              30
                                        30
Linked Open Data cloud
                                 - domains
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                                                       www.deri.ie
                                                                                                    BestBuy
http://lod-cloud.net/                                                                               Overstock.com
                                                                                                    Facebook
                                                                                                    US government
                                                                                                    UK government
                                        Media



                                                                   User-generated


            Government                                                              Publications
                                                                                                    BBC
                                                                                                    New York Times

                                            Cross-domain
                           Geo
                                                                             Life sciences


                                                                                                   LinkedGeoData
 Over 300 open data sets with more than 35 billion facts,
 interlinked by 500 million typed links.
   Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch.



                                                                                    Enabling Networked Knowledge
                                                                  31
What is Linked Data?
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                               www.deri.ie




       32
                                               Enabling Networked Knowledge
Two Key Ingredients
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                        www.deri.ie




       1.     RDF – Resource Description Framework
              Graph based Data – nodes and arcs
              ¨    Identifies objects (URIs)
              ¨    Interlink information (Relationships)


       2.     Vocabularies (Ontologies)
              ¨    provide shared understanding of a domain
              ¨    organise knowledge in a machine-comprehensible way
              ¨    give an exploitable meaning to the data




                                                        Enabling Networked Knowledge
                                            33 of 46
Why Graphs and Ontologies?
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                                                    www.deri.ie



                                         Cities:Dublin
                                                                          Geo:hasLargestCity
                                                           84421km2
  Wikipedia.org                                                                         Geo:IslandOfIreland
                                          Geo:hasCapital
                                                               Geo:area
                                                                                     Geo:locatedOn

                                                      EU:RepublicOfIreland




                                                      EU:RepublicOfIreland
                                                                                     Gov:hasDepartment
                                        Gov:hasTaoiseach
    Gov.ie                               Person:EndaKenny
                                                                            IE:DepartmentOfFinance



                                                                          Enabling Networked Knowledge
Linked Data Principles
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                www.deri.ie


   1.      Use URIs to identify the “things” in your data
   2.      Use HTTP URIs so people (and machines) can
           look them up on the Web
   3.      When a URI is looked up, return a
           description of the thing in a structured
           format (RDF)
   4.      Include links to related things to provide
           context
       http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html



                                                Enabling Networked Knowledge
Linked Data Example
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                                    www.deri.ie

                      Resource Description Framework (RDF)
                            subject - predicate – object
                    Edward Curry is the Occupant of Room 202e
                    Edward Curry is the Occupant of Room 202e

                          http://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry/



                                        http://vocab.deri.ie/rooms#occupant


                            http://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/2010/deri-rooms#r202e




                                                                    Enabling Networked Knowledge
                                                     36
Linked Dataspace
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                               www.deri.ie




                    Dataspace + Linked Data = Linked Dataspace




                                               Enabling Networked Knowledge
                                        37
Linked Dataspaces
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                         www.deri.ie



       n    Complimentary technology for data sharing
              ¨    Minimal disruption to existing infrastructure
              ¨    Maintains loose coupling between systems


       n    Pay-as-you-go data integration
              ¨    Incremental enrichment of entity profiles (i.e. SameAs)
              ¨    Links relevant knowledge and contextual information from
                    across all systems




                                                       Enabling Networked Knowledge
Merging Entity Graphs
                                the Cloud
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                                                               www.deri.ie


      Linked Dataspace                       Corporate System

                                   “Edward Curry”           “DGSIT”                           Corporate
                                    foaf:name	
                en:memberOf	
                   Building
                                         hJp://www.deri.ie/about/team/
                                           member/edward_curry#me	
                            Office IT

                                               owl:sameAs                   owl:sameAs

         hJp://www.deri.ie/about/team/                                            hJp://www.deri.ie/about/team/
           member/edward_curry#me   	
                                              member/edward_curry#me   	
  

                                                                                           rm:occupant	
  
                en:has_a	
  
                                                                                         hJp://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/
        hJp://energy.deri.ie#macbook15698	
                                                2010/deri-­‐rooms#r202e	
  
       foaf:name	
                 en:consumption	
                                        foaf:name	
       en:consumption	
  

      “MacBook Pro”               10kWh                                               “202e”               50kWh

               Office IT System                                                  Building Management System


                                                                             Enabling Networked Knowledge
Dereferenceable URI
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                                                     www.deri.ie
 @prefix   rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
 @prefix   rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
 @prefix   owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
 @prefix   rooms: <http://vocab.deri.ie/rooms#> .
 @prefix   foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1#> .
 @prefix   deri-energy-ont: <http://energy.deri.ie/ontology#> .
 @prefix   deri-energy: <http://energy.deri.ie#> .
 @prefix   ssn: <http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn> .
 @prefix   deri-rooms: <http://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/2010/deri-rooms#> .

 deri-rooms:building     rdf:type rooms:Building;
                         rooms:contains deri-rooms:1st-floor.
 deri-rooms:1st-floor    rdf:type rooms:Floor;
                         rooms:contains deri-rooms:1st-floor-south-wing.
 deri-rooms:1st-floor-south-wing     rdf:type rooms:Wing;
                               rooms:contains deri-rooms:r202e.
 deri-rooms:r202e rdf:type     rooms:Desk;
                   rooms:occupant    <http://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry#me>.
 <http://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry#me>      rdf:type foaf:Person;
                                                             deri-energy-ont:has_a deri-energy:macbook15698;
 deri-energy:macbook15698      rdf:type deri-energy-ont:Laptop;
                               ssn:observedBy    deri-energy:sensor123.
 deri-energy:sensor123   rdf:type ssn:Sensor;
                         ssn:observes deri-energy-ont:PowerConsumption.
 deri-energy:observation1236   rdf:type ssn:Observation;
                               ssn:observationResult deri-energy:observationResult1236;
                               ssn:featureOfInterest deri-energy:macbook15698;
                               ssn:observedBy    deri-energy:sensor123.
 deri-energy:observationResult1236   rdf:type ssn:SensorOutput;
                                     ssn:hasValue deri-energy:vale1236.
 deri-energy:vale1236    deri-energy-ont:hasQuantityValue 31.5;
                         deri-energy-ont:hasQuantityUnitOfMeasurement deri-energy-ont:kWh.



                                                                            Enabling Networked Knowledge
                                                     40
CoAP = HTTP for sensors
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                               www.deri.ie




                                               Enabling Networked Knowledge
CoAP Applications
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                 www.deri.ie




  42
                                                 Enabling Networked Knowledge
CoAP Example
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                               www.deri.ie


n    Accessing sensors from we browser using HTTP-CoAP
      proxying – SPITFIRE Smart Service Proxy (SSP)




                                               Enabling Networked Knowledge
Energy Intelligence
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                         www.deri.ie




   n    Linked Dataspace for Energy Intelligence
           ¨  Uses        Linked Data and CoAP to manage energy
           ¨  Transforms               raw data into meaningful energy
               information
           ¨  Enables effective strategic, tactical, and operational
               decision-making for energy mgmt
           ¨  Provides energy consumption of business activities
               so they can be understood and optimized




                                                         Enabling Networked Knowledge
Linked dataspace for
                                Energy Intelligence
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                                         www.deri.ie

                                            Organisation-level
                     Business Process                                     Personal-level




                                          Linked	
  dataspace	
  for	
  
                                           Energy	
  Intelligence	
  



                          Office IT                                          Corporate
                                        Building            Logistics
                                                Data Center

                                                                         Enabling Networked Knowledge
                                                            45	
  	
  
Linked dataspace for
Digital Enterprise Research Institute
                                          Energy Intelligence                                                                            www.deri.ie


                                                                                                                  Energy Saving Applications
      Applications




                                                                                                            n 
                     Decision Support Energy Analysis
                         Systems          Model
                                                             Energy and
                                                      Sustainability Dashboards
                                                                               Situation Awareness
                                                                                       Apps
                                                                                                            n    Energy Awareness

                                                                                                                  Semantic Event Processing
                                                                                          Complex Events
                                                                                                           n 
                                                                                                                  Natural Language Interface
    Services
    Support




                        Entity                                                          Complex Event
                     Management
                                          Data
                                         Catalog
                                                        Provenance       Search &
                                                                          Query
                                                                                          Processing       n 
                       Service                                                              Engine

                                                                                                           n     Collaborative Data Mgmt.

                                                                                                            n    Interlinked Cloud of Energy
     Linked Data




                                                                                                                  Data


                                                                                                           n     Resource Description
                       Adapter          Adapter           Adapter           Adapter           Adapter
                                                                                                                  Framework (RDF)
      Sources




                                                                                                           n     Semantic Sensor Network
                                                                                                                  Ontology (SSN)
                                                                                                           n     CoAP = Constrained Application
                                                                                                                  Protocol


                                                                                                                  Enabling Networked Knowledge
Data Sources
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                                           www.deri.ie


 Information System                     Type             Information
 Building Information Model             ArchiCAD BIM Physical Dimensions of Building

 Building Resource Allocation           Spreadsheet      Assignment of building resources to people
                                                         and groups within DERI
 Office IT Assets Database              SharePoint       Office IT equipment assignment

 Human Resource Employee                SharePoint       Person detail, group affiliations and current
 Database                                                work assignments
 DC Resource Allocation                 Spreadsheet      Assignment of DC resources to services

 DC Resource Monitoring                 Ganglia          Real-time monitoring of hardware resources
                                        Monitoring       within the data center such as CPU load
                                        System           averages or network utilization)
 DC Assets Database                     SharePoint       Repository of equipment within Data Centre

 Service Management Software Zabbix                      Real-time monitoring of network services
                                                         and hardware
 Energy Sensor Network                  Enistic Sensor   Real-time sensor reading from power meters
                                        Platform         within building
                                                                  Enabling Networked Knowledge
 …                                      …                …
CoAP Sensors
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                   www.deri.ie




                                                   Enabling Networked Knowledge
                                        48 of 26
Energy Saving Applications
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                          www.deri.ie




    Enterprise Energy                   Smart Buildings               Green Cloud
       Observatory                                                     Computing




                                                          Enabling Networked Knowledge
               Office IT Energy Mgmt.              Personal Energy Mgmt.
Building Energy
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                   www.deri.ie



                                                           1.    Data from
                                                                 Enterprise
                                                                 Linked Data
                                                                 Cloud
                                                           2.    Sensor Data
                                                           3.    Building
                                                                 Energy
                                                                 Situation
                                                                 Awareness




                                                   Enabling Networked Knowledge
                                        50 of 26
Linking Building Data
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                             www.deri.ie



                W3C SSN XG Ontology + DERI Rooms + CoAP




                                             Enabling Networked Knowledge
iEnergy – Personal
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                www.deri.ie




                                                Enabling Networked Knowledge
Example of Savings
                                Achieved
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                               www.deri.ie




                                               Enabling Networked Knowledge
Credits
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                          www.deri.ie



Team Members                                          The Partners




                                          Enabling Networked Knowledge
Selected References
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                      www.deri.ie


  Sustainability Use Cases
  n  Curry, E., et al . (2011). An Entity-Centric Approach To Green Information
      Systems. 19th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2011).
  n  Curry, E., & Donnellan, B. (2012). Green and Sustainable Informatics. In,
      Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices. John Wiley & Sons
  n  Curry, E. et al. An Environmental Chargeback for Data Center and Cloud
      Computing Consumers, in First International Workshop on Energy-Efficient
      Data Centers, 2012.
  n  Curry, E. et al, Building Optimisation using Scenario Modeling and Linked
      Data, in 1st Workshop Linked Data in Architecture and Construction 2012
  n  Curry E. et al, Enterprise Energy Management using a Linked dataspace for
      Energy Intelligence. In: The Second IFIP Conference on Sustainable Internet
      and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT) 2012.




                                                     Enabling Networked Knowledge
Selected References
Digital Enterprise Research Institute                                     www.deri.ie

 Information Management
 n  Hasan, S. et al. (2011). Toward Situation Awareness for the Semantic
     Sensor Web: Complex Event Processing with Dynamic Linked Data
     Enrichment. 4th International Workshop on Semantic Sensor Networks
 n  Hasan, S. et al, Approximate Semantic Matching of Heterogeneous Events,
     in 6th ACM International Conference on Distributed Event-Based Systems
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     Linked Dataspace In: IEEE 7th International Conference on System of
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     Intel’s Journey, MIS Quarterly Executive, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 61-74, 2012.
 n  Donnellan B. et al, (2011) A Capability Maturity Framework for Sustainable
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 n  Curry E, et al, (2012) Sustainable IT: Challenges, Postures, and Outcomes,
     IEEE Computer 15(11)

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Using Linked Data and the Internet of Things for Energy Management

  • 1. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Using Linked Data and the Internet of Things for Energy Management Invited Talk to Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology 13th March 2013 Edward Curry, Green and Sustainable IT © Copyright 2011 Digital Enterprise Research Institute. All rights reserved. Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 2. The  Environment  is  on  Everyone’s  Agenda   2    
  • 3. ICT’s  Mass  Produc:on  Carbon  Cost   ICT  Accounts  for   Approximately...   2%   …of  Global  CO2  Emissions.   3     Source  Gartner  
  • 4. McKinsey  2020  Report   ICTs  could  deliver  approximately  7.8  GtCO2  of  emissions  savings  in  2020,  represenFng  a   15%  of  emissions  cut  in  2020  and  600  billion  ($946.5  billion)  of  cost  savings.  ICT  can   provide  business  soluFons  that  can  alleviate  at  least  five  Fmes  the  GHG  footprint  of  ICT   itself  
  • 5. Sustainable  IT   •  Align  all  IT  processes  and   pracFces  with  the  core   Reduce IT principles  of  sustainability,   2%   which  are  to  reduce,  reuse,   and  recycle;  and   •  Find  innovaFve  ways  to  use   IT  in  business  processes  to   98%   deliver  sustainability   benefits  across  the   enterprise  and  beyond.   5     Improve Efficiency
  • 6. Analytics Opportunity Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie n  2010 MIT Sloan / IBM report on Analytics ¨  Embedding business insight into day-to-day operations is critical to success ¨  Single greatest opportunity and challenge for the data- driven enterprise Enabling networked knowledge
  • 7. Energy  InformaFcs   Energy  +  InformaFon  <  Energy     •  Analyzing,  designing,  and  implemenFng   informaFon  systems  to  increase  energy  efficiency   •  Adding  informaFon  to  the  energy  equaFon  to   reduce  energy  consumpFon    R.  T.  Watson,  M.-­‐C.  Boudreau,  and  A.  J.  Chen,  InformaFon  Systems  and  Environmentally  Sustainable  Development:   Energy  InformaFcs  and  New  DirecFons  for  the  IS  Community,€  MIS  Quarterly,  vol.  34,  no.  1,  pp.  23-­‐38,  2010.   7    
  • 8. Challenge Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie n  2010 survey of 600+ CIOs & IT Managers ¨  Paucity of sustainability information (i.e energy) ¨  Lost opportunity to leverage information to improve sustainability ¨  Significant challenges ahead Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 9. The  Smart  City Digital Enterprise Research Institute   www.deri.ie Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 10. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie   A  Smart  City  driver  of  change  will  be  Data. Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 11. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 12. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie bstr acts a A Smart City removes silos moving towards a connected digital layer. Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 13. Silos’ Value Untapped Value Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling Networked Knowledge http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/publications/ig_data/pdfs/MGI_big_data_full_report.pdf
  • 14. New Engineering Building at NUI Galway Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Cost  -­‐  €  40,000,000       Enabling Networked Knowledge 14  
  • 15. Research Motivation A Real-World Example Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Cost  -­‐  €  40,000,000       AirCon  8:30-­‐11:00  &  15:00-­‐16:00  Mon  to  Fri       CO2  levels   Occupancy  Pagern   Time Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday ASHRAE     08:00-­‐09:00 62.1-­‐2010   09:00-­‐10:00 237 237 200 237 10:00-­‐11:00 237 237 237 200 11:00-­‐12:00 237 180 180 145 237 12:00-­‐13:00 237 200 237 200 149 13:00-­‐14:00 145 14:00-­‐15:00 221 237 145 140 15:00-­‐16:00 221 120 160 140 16:00-­‐17:00 149 250 160 17:00-­‐18:00 200 160 Enabling Networked Knowledge 15  
  • 16. Enterprise Energy Management Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Energy Management Systems within an Enterprise will need to support four key requirements Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 17. Holistic Energy Consumption Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie FaciliFes   Data  Centre   Business  Travel     Office  IT   Daily  Commute     Holis:c   Energy   Management   Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 18. Business Context of Energy Consumption Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Energy Finance Resource Allocation Human Asset Mgmt Resources Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 19. Multi-Level Energy Analysis Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie CIO Strategic Analysis CEO Example KPI: •  CIO needs high-level Energy used by business function power global IT department usage •  CSO real-time carbon Helpdesk emissions CSO Example KPI: PUE of the Tactical Analysis Data Center in Dublin •  Manager needs energy usage of business Maintenance Personnel processes, business line or Example KPI: group kWhs used by server 172.16.0.8 Operational Analysis •  Technician needs equipment power usage Building •  Low-level monitoring Sensors, events Data Center Enabling Networked Knowledge 19 of XYZ
  • 20. Energy Situational Awareness Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie n  Help users to: ¨  Understand energy data ¨  Make appropriate energy saving decisions ¨  Support energy performance objectives and other business performance objectives –  human resources (i.e. occupancy comfort) –  enterprise resource planning (i.e. room utilization). Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 21. Key Challenges Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie n  Technology and Data Interoperability ¨  Data scattered among different information systems ¨  Multiple incompatible technologies make it difficult to use n  Interpreting Dynamic and Static Data ¨  Sensors, ERP, BMS, assets databases, … ¨  Need to proactively identify efficiency opportunities n  Empowering Actions ¨  Understanding of direct and indirect impacts of activities ¨  Embedding impacts within business processes Enabling Networked Knowledge 21
  • 22. Interoperability Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie ! D. Chen, et al. “Architectures for enterprise integration and interoperability: Past, present and future,” Computers in Industry 59(7) Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 23. Barriers Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie n  Conceptual barriers ¨  Syntactic differences (format) ¨  Semantic (interpretation of meaning) n  Technological barriers ¨  Incompatibility of protocols, encoding, platforms, infrastructures, etc. n  Organizational barriers ¨  Incompatibility of definitions of responsibility, authority, and organizational structures Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 24. Integration Approaches Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie n  Integrated approaches ¨  Common format for all models exists n  Unified approaches ¨  Uppermodel exists to facilitate mapping between models n  Federated approaches ¨  No common format exists but rather is done on the fly Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 25. Emerging Trends Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Everything is Connected and.. …Data is Shared on the Web with Linked Data Enabling networked knowledge
  • 26. Proposed Approach Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie n  Leverage key trends in information management ¨  Dataspace approach to information management ¨  Linked data approach to sharing information on the web ¨  Internet of Things to interconnect devices n  Information Interoperability ¨  Overcome technical and conceptual barriers ¨  Supports overcoming organizational barriers ! Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 27. What is a Dataspace? Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie n  Emerging data management architecture n  Recognizes expense obtaining upfront unifying schema across all sources ¨  Co-existence of data without unifying schema ¨  Loosely integrated set of data sources n  Data integrated on “as needed” basis ¨  Tighter integration achieved in an incremental "pay-as-you-go" fashion Franklin, A. Halevy, and D. Maier From databases to dataspaces: a new abstraction for information management,” Sigmod Record, 34(4) 2005. Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 28. DBMS vs Dataspace Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie DBMS Dataspace Model Relational All Formats Homogenous Heterogeneous Control Complete Partial Query Precise Approximate Integration Explicit Implicit/ Incremental Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 29. The Web of Data Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 30. The Linked Open Data cloud Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie 2008 2007 2008 2010 2009 2008 2009 2008 Enabling Networked Knowledge 30 30
  • 31. Linked Open Data cloud - domains Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie BestBuy http://lod-cloud.net/ Overstock.com Facebook US government UK government Media User-generated Government Publications BBC New York Times Cross-domain Geo Life sciences LinkedGeoData Over 300 open data sets with more than 35 billion facts, interlinked by 500 million typed links. Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch. Enabling Networked Knowledge 31
  • 32. What is Linked Data? Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie 32 Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 33. Two Key Ingredients Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie 1.  RDF – Resource Description Framework Graph based Data – nodes and arcs ¨  Identifies objects (URIs) ¨  Interlink information (Relationships) 2.  Vocabularies (Ontologies) ¨  provide shared understanding of a domain ¨  organise knowledge in a machine-comprehensible way ¨  give an exploitable meaning to the data Enabling Networked Knowledge 33 of 46
  • 34. Why Graphs and Ontologies? Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Cities:Dublin Geo:hasLargestCity 84421km2 Wikipedia.org Geo:IslandOfIreland Geo:hasCapital Geo:area Geo:locatedOn EU:RepublicOfIreland EU:RepublicOfIreland Gov:hasDepartment Gov:hasTaoiseach Gov.ie Person:EndaKenny IE:DepartmentOfFinance Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 35. Linked Data Principles Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie 1.  Use URIs to identify the “things” in your data 2.  Use HTTP URIs so people (and machines) can look them up on the Web 3.  When a URI is looked up, return a description of the thing in a structured format (RDF) 4.  Include links to related things to provide context http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 36. Linked Data Example Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Resource Description Framework (RDF) subject - predicate – object Edward Curry is the Occupant of Room 202e Edward Curry is the Occupant of Room 202e http://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry/ http://vocab.deri.ie/rooms#occupant http://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/2010/deri-rooms#r202e Enabling Networked Knowledge 36
  • 37. Linked Dataspace Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Dataspace + Linked Data = Linked Dataspace Enabling Networked Knowledge 37
  • 38. Linked Dataspaces Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie n  Complimentary technology for data sharing ¨  Minimal disruption to existing infrastructure ¨  Maintains loose coupling between systems n  Pay-as-you-go data integration ¨  Incremental enrichment of entity profiles (i.e. SameAs) ¨  Links relevant knowledge and contextual information from across all systems Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 39. Merging Entity Graphs the Cloud Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Linked Dataspace Corporate System “Edward Curry” “DGSIT” Corporate foaf:name   en:memberOf   Building hJp://www.deri.ie/about/team/ member/edward_curry#me   Office IT owl:sameAs owl:sameAs hJp://www.deri.ie/about/team/ hJp://www.deri.ie/about/team/ member/edward_curry#me   member/edward_curry#me   rm:occupant   en:has_a   hJp://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/ hJp://energy.deri.ie#macbook15698   2010/deri-­‐rooms#r202e   foaf:name   en:consumption   foaf:name   en:consumption   “MacBook Pro” 10kWh “202e” 50kWh Office IT System Building Management System Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 40. Dereferenceable URI Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rooms: <http://vocab.deri.ie/rooms#> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1#> . @prefix deri-energy-ont: <http://energy.deri.ie/ontology#> . @prefix deri-energy: <http://energy.deri.ie#> . @prefix ssn: <http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn> . @prefix deri-rooms: <http://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/2010/deri-rooms#> . deri-rooms:building rdf:type rooms:Building; rooms:contains deri-rooms:1st-floor. deri-rooms:1st-floor rdf:type rooms:Floor; rooms:contains deri-rooms:1st-floor-south-wing. deri-rooms:1st-floor-south-wing rdf:type rooms:Wing; rooms:contains deri-rooms:r202e. deri-rooms:r202e rdf:type rooms:Desk; rooms:occupant <http://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry#me>. <http://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry#me> rdf:type foaf:Person; deri-energy-ont:has_a deri-energy:macbook15698; deri-energy:macbook15698 rdf:type deri-energy-ont:Laptop; ssn:observedBy deri-energy:sensor123. deri-energy:sensor123 rdf:type ssn:Sensor; ssn:observes deri-energy-ont:PowerConsumption. deri-energy:observation1236 rdf:type ssn:Observation; ssn:observationResult deri-energy:observationResult1236; ssn:featureOfInterest deri-energy:macbook15698; ssn:observedBy deri-energy:sensor123. deri-energy:observationResult1236 rdf:type ssn:SensorOutput; ssn:hasValue deri-energy:vale1236. deri-energy:vale1236 deri-energy-ont:hasQuantityValue 31.5; deri-energy-ont:hasQuantityUnitOfMeasurement deri-energy-ont:kWh. Enabling Networked Knowledge 40
  • 41. CoAP = HTTP for sensors Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 42. CoAP Applications Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie 42 Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 43. CoAP Example Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie n  Accessing sensors from we browser using HTTP-CoAP proxying – SPITFIRE Smart Service Proxy (SSP) Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 44. Energy Intelligence Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie n  Linked Dataspace for Energy Intelligence ¨  Uses Linked Data and CoAP to manage energy ¨  Transforms raw data into meaningful energy information ¨  Enables effective strategic, tactical, and operational decision-making for energy mgmt ¨  Provides energy consumption of business activities so they can be understood and optimized Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 45. Linked dataspace for Energy Intelligence Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Organisation-level Business Process Personal-level Linked  dataspace  for   Energy  Intelligence   Office IT Corporate Building Logistics Data Center Enabling Networked Knowledge 45    
  • 46. Linked dataspace for Digital Enterprise Research Institute Energy Intelligence www.deri.ie Energy Saving Applications Applications n  Decision Support Energy Analysis Systems Model Energy and Sustainability Dashboards Situation Awareness Apps n  Energy Awareness Semantic Event Processing Complex Events n  Natural Language Interface Services Support Entity Complex Event Management Data Catalog Provenance Search & Query Processing n  Service Engine n  Collaborative Data Mgmt. n  Interlinked Cloud of Energy Linked Data Data n  Resource Description Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Framework (RDF) Sources n  Semantic Sensor Network Ontology (SSN) n  CoAP = Constrained Application Protocol Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 47. Data Sources Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Information System Type Information Building Information Model ArchiCAD BIM Physical Dimensions of Building Building Resource Allocation Spreadsheet Assignment of building resources to people and groups within DERI Office IT Assets Database SharePoint Office IT equipment assignment Human Resource Employee SharePoint Person detail, group affiliations and current Database work assignments DC Resource Allocation Spreadsheet Assignment of DC resources to services DC Resource Monitoring Ganglia Real-time monitoring of hardware resources Monitoring within the data center such as CPU load System averages or network utilization) DC Assets Database SharePoint Repository of equipment within Data Centre Service Management Software Zabbix Real-time monitoring of network services and hardware Energy Sensor Network Enistic Sensor Real-time sensor reading from power meters Platform within building Enabling Networked Knowledge … … …
  • 48. CoAP Sensors Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling Networked Knowledge 48 of 26
  • 49. Energy Saving Applications Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enterprise Energy Smart Buildings Green Cloud Observatory Computing Enabling Networked Knowledge Office IT Energy Mgmt. Personal Energy Mgmt.
  • 50. Building Energy Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie 1.  Data from Enterprise Linked Data Cloud 2.  Sensor Data 3.  Building Energy Situation Awareness Enabling Networked Knowledge 50 of 26
  • 51. Linking Building Data Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie W3C SSN XG Ontology + DERI Rooms + CoAP Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 52. iEnergy – Personal Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 53. Example of Savings Achieved Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 54. Credits Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Team Members The Partners Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 55. Selected References Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Sustainability Use Cases n  Curry, E., et al . (2011). An Entity-Centric Approach To Green Information Systems. 19th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2011). n  Curry, E., & Donnellan, B. (2012). Green and Sustainable Informatics. In, Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices. John Wiley & Sons n  Curry, E. et al. An Environmental Chargeback for Data Center and Cloud Computing Consumers, in First International Workshop on Energy-Efficient Data Centers, 2012. n  Curry, E. et al, Building Optimisation using Scenario Modeling and Linked Data, in 1st Workshop Linked Data in Architecture and Construction 2012 n  Curry E. et al, Enterprise Energy Management using a Linked dataspace for Energy Intelligence. In: The Second IFIP Conference on Sustainable Internet and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT) 2012. Enabling Networked Knowledge
  • 56. Selected References Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie Information Management n  Hasan, S. et al. (2011). Toward Situation Awareness for the Semantic Sensor Web: Complex Event Processing with Dynamic Linked Data Enrichment. 4th International Workshop on Semantic Sensor Networks n  Hasan, S. et al, Approximate Semantic Matching of Heterogeneous Events, in 6th ACM International Conference on Distributed Event-Based Systems n  Curry E. (2012) System of Systems Information Interoperability using a Linked Dataspace In: IEEE 7th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SOSE 2012). IT Management n  Curry, E. et al. Developing an Sustainable IT Capability: Lessons From Intel’s Journey, MIS Quarterly Executive, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 61-74, 2012. n  Donnellan B. et al, (2011) A Capability Maturity Framework for Sustainable Information and Communication Technology. IEEE IT Professional 13(1). n  Curry E, et al, (2012) Sustainable IT: Challenges, Postures, and Outcomes, IEEE Computer 15(11) Enabling Networked Knowledge