3. ICT’s
Mass
Produc:on
Carbon
Cost
ICT
Accounts
for
Approximately...
2%
…of
Global
CO2
Emissions.
3
Source
Gartner
4. McKinsey
2020
Report
ICTs
could
deliver
approximately
7.8
GtCO2
of
emissions
savings
in
2020,
represenFng
a
15%
of
emissions
cut
in
2020
and
600
billion
($946.5
billion)
of
cost
savings.
ICT
can
provide
business
soluFons
that
can
alleviate
at
least
five
Fmes
the
GHG
footprint
of
ICT
itself
5. Sustainable
IT
• Align
all
IT
processes
and
pracFces
with
the
core
Reduce IT
principles
of
sustainability,
2%
which
are
to
reduce,
reuse,
and
recycle;
and
• Find
innovaFve
ways
to
use
IT
in
business
processes
to
98%
deliver
sustainability
benefits
across
the
enterprise
and
beyond.
5
Improve Efficiency
6. Analytics Opportunity
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
n 2010 MIT Sloan / IBM report on Analytics
¨ Embedding business insight into day-to-day operations is
critical to success
¨ Single greatest opportunity and challenge for the data-
driven enterprise
Enabling networked knowledge
7. Energy
InformaFcs
Energy
+
InformaFon
<
Energy
• Analyzing,
designing,
and
implemenFng
informaFon
systems
to
increase
energy
efficiency
• Adding
informaFon
to
the
energy
equaFon
to
reduce
energy
consumpFon
R.
T.
Watson,
M.-‐C.
Boudreau,
and
A.
J.
Chen,
InformaFon
Systems
and
Environmentally
Sustainable
Development:
Energy
InformaFcs
and
New
DirecFons
for
the
IS
Community,€
MIS
Quarterly,
vol.
34,
no.
1,
pp.
23-‐38,
2010.
7
8. Challenge
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
n 2010 survey of 600+ CIOs & IT Managers
¨ Paucity of sustainability information (i.e energy)
¨ Lost opportunity to leverage information to
improve sustainability
¨ Significant challenges ahead
Enabling Networked Knowledge
9. The
Smart
City
Digital Enterprise Research Institute
www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
10. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
A
Smart
City
driver
of
change
will
be
Data.
Enabling Networked Knowledge
12. Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
bstr acts
a
A Smart City removes silos moving
towards a connected digital layer.
Enabling Networked Knowledge
13. Silos’ Value Untapped Value
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
http://www.mckinsey.com/mgi/publications/ig_data/pdfs/MGI_big_data_full_report.pdf
14. New Engineering Building at
NUI Galway
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Cost
-‐
€
40,000,000
Enabling Networked Knowledge
14
15. Research Motivation
A Real-World Example
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Cost
-‐
€
40,000,000
AirCon
8:30-‐11:00
&
15:00-‐16:00
Mon
to
Fri
CO2
levels
Occupancy
Pagern
Time Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
ASHRAE
08:00-‐09:00
62.1-‐2010
09:00-‐10:00 237 237 200 237
10:00-‐11:00 237 237 237 200
11:00-‐12:00 237 180 180 145 237
12:00-‐13:00 237 200 237 200 149
13:00-‐14:00 145
14:00-‐15:00 221 237 145 140
15:00-‐16:00 221 120 160 140
16:00-‐17:00 149 250 160
17:00-‐18:00 200 160
Enabling Networked Knowledge
15
16. Enterprise Energy Management
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Energy Management Systems within an Enterprise will
need to support four key requirements
Enabling Networked Knowledge
17. Holistic Energy Consumption
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
FaciliFes
Data
Centre
Business
Travel
Office
IT
Daily
Commute
Holis:c
Energy
Management
Enabling Networked Knowledge
18. Business Context of
Energy Consumption
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Energy
Finance Resource
Allocation
Human
Asset Mgmt Resources
Enabling Networked Knowledge
19. Multi-Level Energy Analysis
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
CIO
Strategic Analysis CEO
Example KPI:
• CIO needs high-level Energy used by
business function power global IT department
usage
• CSO real-time carbon Helpdesk
emissions CSO Example KPI:
PUE of the
Tactical Analysis Data Center in Dublin
• Manager needs energy
usage of business Maintenance Personnel
processes, business line or
Example KPI:
group kWhs used by
server 172.16.0.8
Operational Analysis
• Technician needs
equipment power usage Building
• Low-level monitoring
Sensors, events Data Center
Enabling Networked Knowledge
19 of XYZ
20. Energy Situational
Awareness
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
n Help users to:
¨ Understand energy data
¨ Make appropriate energy saving decisions
¨ Support energy performance objectives and
other business performance objectives
– human resources (i.e. occupancy comfort)
– enterprise resource planning (i.e. room utilization).
Enabling Networked Knowledge
21. Key Challenges
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
n Technology and Data Interoperability
¨ Data scattered among different information systems
¨ Multiple incompatible technologies make it difficult to use
n Interpreting Dynamic and Static Data
¨ Sensors, ERP, BMS, assets databases, …
¨ Need to proactively identify efficiency opportunities
n Empowering Actions
¨ Understanding of direct and indirect impacts of activities
¨ Embedding impacts within business processes
Enabling Networked Knowledge
21
22. Interoperability
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
!
D. Chen, et al. “Architectures for enterprise integration and
interoperability: Past, present and future,” Computers in Industry 59(7)
Enabling Networked Knowledge
23. Barriers
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
n Conceptual barriers
¨ Syntactic differences (format)
¨ Semantic (interpretation of meaning)
n Technological barriers
¨ Incompatibility of protocols, encoding,
platforms, infrastructures, etc.
n Organizational barriers
¨ Incompatibility of definitions of
responsibility, authority, and
organizational structures
Enabling Networked Knowledge
24. Integration Approaches
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
n Integrated approaches
¨ Common format for all models
exists
n Unified approaches
¨ Uppermodel exists to facilitate
mapping between models
n Federated approaches
¨ No common format exists but rather
is done on the fly
Enabling Networked Knowledge
25. Emerging Trends
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Everything is Connected
and..
…Data is Shared on the
Web with Linked Data
Enabling networked knowledge
26. Proposed Approach
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
n Leverage key trends in
information management
¨ Dataspace approach to
information management
¨ Linked data approach to sharing
information on the web
¨ Internet of Things to
interconnect devices
n Information Interoperability
¨ Overcome technical and
conceptual barriers
¨ Supports overcoming
organizational barriers !
Enabling Networked Knowledge
27. What is a Dataspace?
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
n Emerging data management architecture
n Recognizes expense obtaining upfront
unifying schema across all sources
¨ Co-existence of data without unifying schema
¨ Loosely integrated set of data sources
n Data integrated on “as needed” basis
¨ Tighter integration achieved in an incremental
"pay-as-you-go" fashion
Franklin, A. Halevy, and D. Maier From databases to dataspaces: a new
abstraction for information management,” Sigmod Record, 34(4) 2005.
Enabling Networked Knowledge
28. DBMS vs Dataspace
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
DBMS Dataspace
Model Relational All
Formats Homogenous Heterogeneous
Control Complete Partial
Query Precise Approximate
Integration Explicit Implicit/
Incremental
Enabling Networked Knowledge
29. The Web of Data
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enabling Networked Knowledge
30. The Linked Open Data cloud
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
2008
2007 2008 2010
2009
2008 2009
2008
Enabling Networked Knowledge
30
30
31. Linked Open Data cloud
- domains
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
BestBuy
http://lod-cloud.net/ Overstock.com
Facebook
US government
UK government
Media
User-generated
Government Publications
BBC
New York Times
Cross-domain
Geo
Life sciences
LinkedGeoData
Over 300 open data sets with more than 35 billion facts,
interlinked by 500 million typed links.
Linking Open Data cloud diagram, by Richard Cyganiak and Anja Jentzsch.
Enabling Networked Knowledge
31
32. What is Linked Data?
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
32
Enabling Networked Knowledge
33. Two Key Ingredients
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
1. RDF – Resource Description Framework
Graph based Data – nodes and arcs
¨ Identifies objects (URIs)
¨ Interlink information (Relationships)
2. Vocabularies (Ontologies)
¨ provide shared understanding of a domain
¨ organise knowledge in a machine-comprehensible way
¨ give an exploitable meaning to the data
Enabling Networked Knowledge
33 of 46
34. Why Graphs and Ontologies?
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Cities:Dublin
Geo:hasLargestCity
84421km2
Wikipedia.org Geo:IslandOfIreland
Geo:hasCapital
Geo:area
Geo:locatedOn
EU:RepublicOfIreland
EU:RepublicOfIreland
Gov:hasDepartment
Gov:hasTaoiseach
Gov.ie Person:EndaKenny
IE:DepartmentOfFinance
Enabling Networked Knowledge
35. Linked Data Principles
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
1. Use URIs to identify the “things” in your data
2. Use HTTP URIs so people (and machines) can
look them up on the Web
3. When a URI is looked up, return a
description of the thing in a structured
format (RDF)
4. Include links to related things to provide
context
http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
Enabling Networked Knowledge
36. Linked Data Example
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Resource Description Framework (RDF)
subject - predicate – object
Edward Curry is the Occupant of Room 202e
Edward Curry is the Occupant of Room 202e
http://www.deri.ie/about/team/member/edward_curry/
http://vocab.deri.ie/rooms#occupant
http://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/2010/deri-rooms#r202e
Enabling Networked Knowledge
36
37. Linked Dataspace
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Dataspace + Linked Data = Linked Dataspace
Enabling Networked Knowledge
37
38. Linked Dataspaces
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
n Complimentary technology for data sharing
¨ Minimal disruption to existing infrastructure
¨ Maintains loose coupling between systems
n Pay-as-you-go data integration
¨ Incremental enrichment of entity profiles (i.e. SameAs)
¨ Links relevant knowledge and contextual information from
across all systems
Enabling Networked Knowledge
39. Merging Entity Graphs
the Cloud
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Linked Dataspace Corporate System
“Edward Curry” “DGSIT” Corporate
foaf:name
en:memberOf
Building
hJp://www.deri.ie/about/team/
member/edward_curry#me
Office IT
owl:sameAs owl:sameAs
hJp://www.deri.ie/about/team/ hJp://www.deri.ie/about/team/
member/edward_curry#me
member/edward_curry#me
rm:occupant
en:has_a
hJp://lab.linkeddata.deri.ie/
hJp://energy.deri.ie#macbook15698
2010/deri-‐rooms#r202e
foaf:name
en:consumption
foaf:name
en:consumption
“MacBook Pro” 10kWh “202e” 50kWh
Office IT System Building Management System
Enabling Networked Knowledge
43. CoAP Example
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
n Accessing sensors from we browser using HTTP-CoAP
proxying – SPITFIRE Smart Service Proxy (SSP)
Enabling Networked Knowledge
44. Energy Intelligence
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
n Linked Dataspace for Energy Intelligence
¨ Uses Linked Data and CoAP to manage energy
¨ Transforms raw data into meaningful energy
information
¨ Enables effective strategic, tactical, and operational
decision-making for energy mgmt
¨ Provides energy consumption of business activities
so they can be understood and optimized
Enabling Networked Knowledge
45. Linked dataspace for
Energy Intelligence
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Organisation-level
Business Process Personal-level
Linked
dataspace
for
Energy
Intelligence
Office IT Corporate
Building Logistics
Data Center
Enabling Networked Knowledge
45
46. Linked dataspace for
Digital Enterprise Research Institute
Energy Intelligence www.deri.ie
Energy Saving Applications
Applications
n
Decision Support Energy Analysis
Systems Model
Energy and
Sustainability Dashboards
Situation Awareness
Apps
n Energy Awareness
Semantic Event Processing
Complex Events
n
Natural Language Interface
Services
Support
Entity Complex Event
Management
Data
Catalog
Provenance Search &
Query
Processing n
Service Engine
n Collaborative Data Mgmt.
n Interlinked Cloud of Energy
Linked Data
Data
n Resource Description
Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter
Framework (RDF)
Sources
n Semantic Sensor Network
Ontology (SSN)
n CoAP = Constrained Application
Protocol
Enabling Networked Knowledge
47. Data Sources
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Information System Type Information
Building Information Model ArchiCAD BIM Physical Dimensions of Building
Building Resource Allocation Spreadsheet Assignment of building resources to people
and groups within DERI
Office IT Assets Database SharePoint Office IT equipment assignment
Human Resource Employee SharePoint Person detail, group affiliations and current
Database work assignments
DC Resource Allocation Spreadsheet Assignment of DC resources to services
DC Resource Monitoring Ganglia Real-time monitoring of hardware resources
Monitoring within the data center such as CPU load
System averages or network utilization)
DC Assets Database SharePoint Repository of equipment within Data Centre
Service Management Software Zabbix Real-time monitoring of network services
and hardware
Energy Sensor Network Enistic Sensor Real-time sensor reading from power meters
Platform within building
Enabling Networked Knowledge
… … …
49. Energy Saving Applications
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Enterprise Energy Smart Buildings Green Cloud
Observatory Computing
Enabling Networked Knowledge
Office IT Energy Mgmt. Personal Energy Mgmt.
50. Building Energy
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
1. Data from
Enterprise
Linked Data
Cloud
2. Sensor Data
3. Building
Energy
Situation
Awareness
Enabling Networked Knowledge
50 of 26
51. Linking Building Data
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
W3C SSN XG Ontology + DERI Rooms + CoAP
Enabling Networked Knowledge
55. Selected References
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Sustainability Use Cases
n Curry, E., et al . (2011). An Entity-Centric Approach To Green Information
Systems. 19th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS 2011).
n Curry, E., & Donnellan, B. (2012). Green and Sustainable Informatics. In,
Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices. John Wiley & Sons
n Curry, E. et al. An Environmental Chargeback for Data Center and Cloud
Computing Consumers, in First International Workshop on Energy-Efficient
Data Centers, 2012.
n Curry, E. et al, Building Optimisation using Scenario Modeling and Linked
Data, in 1st Workshop Linked Data in Architecture and Construction 2012
n Curry E. et al, Enterprise Energy Management using a Linked dataspace for
Energy Intelligence. In: The Second IFIP Conference on Sustainable Internet
and ICT for Sustainability (SustainIT) 2012.
Enabling Networked Knowledge
56. Selected References
Digital Enterprise Research Institute www.deri.ie
Information Management
n Hasan, S. et al. (2011). Toward Situation Awareness for the Semantic
Sensor Web: Complex Event Processing with Dynamic Linked Data
Enrichment. 4th International Workshop on Semantic Sensor Networks
n Hasan, S. et al, Approximate Semantic Matching of Heterogeneous Events,
in 6th ACM International Conference on Distributed Event-Based Systems
n Curry E. (2012) System of Systems Information Interoperability using a
Linked Dataspace In: IEEE 7th International Conference on System of
Systems Engineering (SOSE 2012).
IT Management
n Curry, E. et al. Developing an Sustainable IT Capability: Lessons From
Intel’s Journey, MIS Quarterly Executive, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 61-74, 2012.
n Donnellan B. et al, (2011) A Capability Maturity Framework for Sustainable
Information and Communication Technology. IEEE IT Professional 13(1).
n Curry E, et al, (2012) Sustainable IT: Challenges, Postures, and Outcomes,
IEEE Computer 15(11)
Enabling Networked Knowledge