EESAP4 Landeta Manzano, Beñat

BEÑAT LANDETA MANZANO
GERMÁN ARANA LANDÍN
PATXI RUÍZ DE ARBULO
PABLO DÍAZ DE BASURTO
4th European Conference
on Energy Efficiency and Sustainability
in Architecture and Planning
1-3 July 2013
Donostia - San Sebastián
MOTIVATIONS AND RESULTS FOR THE ADOPTION OF THE
ISO 14006 ECODESIGN STANDARD IN THE BUILDING SECTOR
Departamento de Organización de Empresas

MOTIVATIONS AND RESULTS FOR THE ADOPTION OF THE ISO 14006
ECODESIGN STANDARD IN THE BUILDING SECTOR
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE STANDARD ISO 14006:2011
3. ECO-DESIGN STANDARD ISO 14006 DIFUSSION
4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
5. CASE ANALYSIS: Adoption of ISO 14006 standard by LKS
6. RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
I N D E X

 Tremendous growth in the number of adoptions of different environmental
management standards.
 Spain holds the 4th place in the global ranking of countries with the highest number of
certifications under ISO 14001, but it is the 1st in terms of relativized with respect to its
economic dimension.
 In the field of eco-design, AENOR published the ecodesign standard UNE 150301 in
2003. Years after, in 2011 it was published the international ecodesign standard ISO
14006.
 It goes beyond other environmental standards such as: ISO 14040, ISO/TR 14062, ISO
14001...
 It provides to the organizations with the elements of an Environmental Management
System (EMS) so that the process of design and development of products and/or
services will be effective, also from the environmental point of view.
 A great diffusion in the building sector in general and in particular in architecture firms.
 For these reasons, the aim of this paper is to analyze the motivations, the
implementation process and the results of this standard in architecture firms.
1. INTRODUCTION

 ISO 14006 is a guide for the organizations that wish to incorporate environmental
considerations into the design process and product development, taking into account
the influence or control that the organization may have on it, and also want to integrate
this process into its EMS.
 The structure, terminology and requirements of ISO 14006 are based on ISO 9001 and
ISO 14001, for easy integration with the Quality and Environmental Management
Systems in organizations.
ISO 14006
ISO 9001
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
DESIGN
ENVIRONMENT
 Relates the following areas of knowledge of
ecodesign: environment, design and
management systems, and associated
documents, so that they can establish
processes and procedures for implementing
eco-design in an EMS.

 The first three sections of the Standard are common in management system standards.
 Chapter 4 focuses on the crucial role to be played by top management to establish a
systematic and structured approach for implementing ecodesign guidelines in the EMS
of the organization.
 Chapter 5, in sections 5.2 to 5.6, guidelines for treating ecodesign as part of an EMS in
line with the structure of ISO 14001 are provided.
 Paragraph 5.4.6 focuses on the activities of product design and development of an
organization (method described in paragraph 7.3 of ISO 9001:2008, and completed with
specific guidelines related to ecodesign).
 Chapter 6 of the standard it is described how to incorporate ecodesign into the design
and development process: the way to identify, monitor and continuously improve the
environmental aspects of all organizing products.

A C T ( A )
CORRECTIVE ACTION (5.5 Y 5.6):
NONCONFORMITY, CORRECTIVE ACTION
AND PREVENTIVE ACTION (5.5.3)
MANAGEMENT REVIEW (5.6)
P L A N ( P )
PLANNING (5.2. Y 5.3):
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY (5.2)
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS (5.3.1)
LEGAL AND OTHER REQUIREMENTS (5.3.2)
OBJECTIVES, TARGETS AND PROGRAMMS
(5.3.3)
D O ( D )
IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION (5.4):
RESOURCES, ROLES, RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY (5.4.1)
COMPETENCE, TRAINING AND AWARENESS (5.4.2)
COMMUNICATION (5.4.3)
DOCUMENTATION (5.4.4)
CONTROL OF DOCUMENTS (5.4.5)
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE (5.4.7)
OPERATIONAL CONTROL (5.4.6)
C H E C K ( C )
CHECKING (5.5):
MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT (5.5.1)
EVALUATION OF COMPLIANCE (5.5.2)
CONTROL OF RECORDS (5.5.4)
INTERNAL AUDIT (5.5.5)
CONTROL OF CHANGES
(5.4.6.8)
PLANNING (5.4.6.2)
INPUTS (5.4.6.3)
OUTPUTS (5.4.6.4)
REVIEW (5.4.6.5)
VERIFICATION (5.4.6.6)
VALIDATION (5.4.6.7)

3. ISO 14006 ECO-DESIGN STANDARD DIFUSSION
 In March 2013, there were 178
Spanish organizations certified, and
142 out of them were in the
building sector.
0 20 40 60 80 100
Castilla - La Mancha
Cantabria
Canary Islands
Andalusia
Valencia
Rioja
Asturias
Castile and León
Madrid
Navarre
Catalonia
Basque Country
1
1
1
2
4
4
6
8
15
18
31
90
0 50 100 150
Industrial Design
Chemical
Capital goods
Technological center
Electric/electronic
Furnishing
Building
1
3
3
4
6
18
142

4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 Qualitative methodology based on a case study.
 Gives insight into the process of the adoption of the standard, and better
understanding of the nature of the phenomenon to be studied (Eisenhardt, 1989; Yin,
2003).
 The study was conducted between January 2009 and March 2013.
 A sequence of in-depth semi-structured interviews with managers and specialists
within the 9 organizations (Hirilan, LKS, MAAB, Oneka Architecture, Ramon Ruiz Cuevas
Architects, Ache Architecture, Toledo Taldea and Gausark), following variable guiding
notes according to the case study, but maintaining common patterns (Eisenhardt,
1989).

5. CASE ANALYSIS: LKS Ingeniería, S.Coop.
 By size and turnover, the largest services and building engineering ISO 14006 certified
company in Spain.
 About 1,050 people on staff and generates an annual turnover of approximately 70
million Euros.
 Operates in the national and international market, with presence in: Chile, Costa Rica,
Dominican Republic, Mexico, France, Colombia, Uruguay, India and China.
 The LKS group is integrated into the Mondragon Corporation, which is currently the
leading business group in the Basque Autonomous Community and the 7th in Spain.
 Achieved in 1998 ISO 9001 certification, its first management system certificate .
 In 2001 withdrew the ISO 9001 certification: disagreements with the audit team and
the limited commercial success that involved having the certificate.
 Years after, it was re-established and certified a working methodology based on the
process management according to ISO 9001 and ISO 14001.
 The Management System was completed with the inclusion of Ecodesign Management
System according to UNE 150301 standard in 2009.

 It was relatively simple, because of the boost of the top management and the previous
work done on the environment by the Sustainability Committee.
 At first, standard instructions were applied to residential projects and a year later all
other ecodesign projects began to follow the standard, with the exception of industrial
buildings (they usually are very basic projects).
 1st the most significant environmental aspects for each phase of the life cycle of the
building are identified in the design and development phase.
 2nd the potential impacts are evaluated based on their criticality and magnitude,
following criteria in the literature on the subject.
 3rd based on the most significant environmental impacts, improvement targets are set.

 The project manager determines the environmental improvement actions undertaken,
with the help of a database created by the Sustainability Committee, which sets out the
characteristics of the environmental behavior of materials, and ECOTEC simulation
software for thermal performance of the building in the use phase.

 The 1st project ecodesigned following the Standard, was a project for the construction
of subsidized 84 housing in Salburua (Vitoria-Gasteiz).
 It is a building of 6 floors, an attic and a basement of two levels. The basement is for
parking and storage, the facilities downstairs are for a tertiary use and storage, and the
other floors and the attic were built for residential use.
 LKS's proposal was to raise a single
volume aligned in one of its fronts
and one of its sides with public roads.
1. In a first phase, the environmental
aspects were identified and
evaluated (see next table).
First ecodesigned project according to ISO 14006

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT
MAGNITUDE LEVEL OF RELEVANCE
SIGNIFIC.
(>15)
CRITERIA M CRITERIA C M x C
Extraction and manufacture of products used
Consumption of raw material Sc=12.907m2 5
1) Buried walls.
2) Deck: lam. Imp. Asp.+ isol.
3) Facade: EPS isolation
3 15
Power Consumption Sc=12.9070m2 5 50 years of useful life 3 15
Execution of the works
Power Consumption Earthworks = 13.027m3 3 Gravel + Soft rock 4 12
Water Consumption
Two conditions are met:
1) Soaking of certain materials.
2) Composition of some products.
3 Pluviometric zone III (see Spanish TBC) 3 9
Emissions to the atmosphere Land transport offsite necessary. 3 Climatic zone B (see Spanish TBC) 3 9
Noise emission
New construction with excavation
>1000m3 4 No noise map of the new development 3 12
Waste generation There is surplus land excavation 3
Construction waste with traces of lead: Pb, Hg o PCB.
Waste construction machinery and HVAC equipment.
3 9
Use and Maintenance
Power Consumption Residential. Block of flats. 4 Climatic zone D1 4 16
Water Consumption Resident. Block of flats with no garden 3 Pluviometric zone III 3 9
Emissions to the atmosphere Residential. Block of flats. 4 Climatic zone D1 4 16
Wastewater discharge Residential architecture 5 Separative municipal network 1 5
Noise emission Residential 1
Sectors of the territory with predominantly residential
areas
2 2
Visual impact Volume above ground =30.000m3 5 Height or volume equal or similar to the surroundings 1 5
Land used NOT EVALUATED
Biodiversity Size the land =1861m2 2 Urban land without environmental value 1 2
End of life
Power Consumption Building volume =39.223m3 2 >80% traditional construction 5 10
Waste generation Building volume =39.223m3 2 >80% traditional construction 5 10
Noise emission >80% traditional construction 5 No noise map of the new development 3 15

2. From the evaluation shown in the previous table, a set of indicators to achieve the
objectives was developed.
3. An action plan was developed to achieve these objectives which defined the
strategies and measures to be adopted, as shown in the next table.
4. In this action plan, the decision to include water consumption was taken as a
significant aspect, as both LKS and the client felt that this aspect is highly relevant,
although initial estimates were not significant.
The most important objectives of the plan focused on the following assumptions:
 Reducing consumption of raw materials.
 Reducing energy consumption and air emissions.
 Reducing water consumption.

PHASE / OBJECTIVES MINING AND MANUFACTURING OF PRODUCTS  ENERGY CONSUMPTION REDUCTION
Strategy: Preference for the construction techniques associated with lower energy consumption.
Environmental measures:
Reducing consumption of raw materials.
Preference for the use of concrete structures against the steel ones.
PHASE / OBJECTIVE USE AND MAINTENANCE  A 20% REDUCTION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION + U3. A 20% REDUCTION OF
EMISSIONS TO ATMOSPHERE 20
Passive strategy 1: Carry out a bioclimatic design to improve the thermal envelope and reduce building energy demand in winter.
Reduction of thermal transmittances facades regarding the minimum established in the document DB-HE-1 of the TBC.
Installing a green roof that regulates the microclimate, attenuating ambient noise, and reduces the thermal transmittance
Adding Moniflex thermal insulation system and U-Glass windows with thermal break in common areas.
Installation of blinds with thermal insulation on facades north / south / east and adjustable blinds on the west facade.
Making greenhouses on the south facade using a coating of dark finishes and high thermal inertia sensors that act as
passive solar heat in winter.
Passive strategy 2: Carry out a bioclimatic design to increase comfort in summer.
(There are no air conditioners, and thus do not increase the power consumption of the building).
Protection of the holes of the south facade to prevent solar radiation in the warmer months.
Incorporating shading systems using blinds to regulate the intensity of solar radiation entering the house. In west
orientation will be installed adjustable blinds.
Cooling of dwellings through natural cross ventilation.
Incorporating courtyards to the building design.
Green roof.
Cooling dwellings with south facade through greenhouses.
Passive strategy 3: Natural light.
Optimization of natural light in public areas.

PHASE / OBJECTIVE USE AND MAINTENANCE  A 20% REDUCTION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION + U3. A 20% REDUCTION OF
EMISSIONS TO ATMOSPHERE 20
Active strategy 1: Efficient facilities 1. Reducing power consumption.
Saving luminaries with electronic ballast in public areas.
Motion detectors in public areas.
Independence of electrical circuits in public areas and stairs every two floors.
Active strategy 2: Efficient installations 2. Reducing gas consumption and emissions to the atmosphere of sanitary Hot Water
(SHW) and heating systems.
Centralized heat production systems.
High-efficiency boilers with water-gas exchanger.
Individual meters per dwelling for hot water and heating.
Using a programmable thermostat per dwelling.
Thermostatic radiator valves.
Production with solar collectors above the requirements of the TCB.
Thermostatic bathroom fittings in bath and shower.
Pre-installation of bi-thermal appliances.
Strategy: Improve the efficiency of the uptake and water consumption
Extensive green roof with minimal water consumption.
Rainwater harvesting for irrigation of the roof by a tank.
Thermostatic taps with aerators.
Dual flush toilets.
PHASE / OBJECTIVE END OF LIFE POTENTIAL IMPACT REDUCTION ON THE END OF LIFE
Strategy: Promote a standardized and industrialized construction, which will allow the deconstruction of the building facing
the traditional demolition.
Building facades lighter than traditional ones: a single sheet with precast concrete panels.
Reducing the number of partitions inside the houses, and the lightening of the partitions.

 It has increased the number of tasks and, therefore, the costs in the design phase.
 More sustainable building solutions in the project phase slightly increases the cost of
buildings, mainly due to the active measures and the passive measures to save energy.
 In the case of private developers of residential buildings, the ecodesign measures taken
are usually the minimum required by the TBC and must not involve an extra cost.
 The application of ecodesign criteria has not served to achieve new customers, in
specific cases it has contributed to their loyalty.
 Public institutions seem slightly more sensitive to environmental issues. However, they
have not shown a clear determination to boost ecodesign as a tool for sustainable
development in the building sector.
Results of the adoption process. DRAWBACKS

 Estimated cost savings justifies the adoption of these measures in the use and
maintenance phase of the building.
 It has been useful as a basis to achieve various sustainable performance of building
Certification Systems, such as LEED and BREEAM.
 The integration of ecodesign in the process map of the management system has meant
less effort in meeting environmental specifications in public procurement tenders, and
has contributed to improve the operational management of design and development
of buildings.
 Since that initial experience, LKS has focused part of its efforts to train technicians and
engineers in ecodesign and bioclimatic architecture.
 It is more satisfying than other standards, because the results are more visible, not only
in terms of profitability for the organization, but also in terms of staff satisfaction related
to the benefits of their actions on the environment and society.
 Despite some drawbacks, in LKS are satisfied: “it launched the company in the direction
we wanted to go“. The path to a sustainable business model.
Results of the adoption process. BENEFITS

 The main motivation of arquitecture firms has been to seek a differentiator that allows
them primarily to improve their position in public procurement.
 Another motivation was the need for a methodology to reduce the very high
environmental impact of the building projects.
 The firms think that the possibilities of reducing the environmental impact on the
development phase of the project are very high and most believed that the Standard
can be a valid tool to achieve this goal.
 In general, the key environmental benefits obtained are mainly related to the reduction
of energy and water consumption at all stages of the life cycle.
 In all cases it was noted that one of the main problem was related to the approval of
their proposals by the customers.
 The cost reduction of the building process is essential. Nevertheless, if measures to
reduce the environmental impact involve increased costs in the design phase, these
measures are often rejected by the client.

 Another major difficulty is the lack of environmental information on the materials
used in the building process, which makes it very difficult to identify and to evaluate the
environmental impacts.
 Public institutions should be more involved and encourage the preservation of the
environment and improve the environmental performance of enterprises and products
and/or services they offer.
 If the measures to improve the environmental sustainability are implemented with
delay, it reduces the competitiveness of companies that do more for environmental
sustainability, and it also results in higher adaptation indirect costs and the use of
unsustainable buildings.
 This situation and the fact that the ecodesign standard is not intended for certification
purposes, makes of the architecture firms think that ISO 14006 has an uncertain future.
 Above all, firms are satisfied and consider the adoption of the Standard has helped
them improve their competitive position.

THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION
4th European Conference
on Energy Efficiency and Sustainability
in Architecture and Planning
1-3 July 2013
Donostia - San Sebastián

EESAP4 Landeta Manzano, Beñat

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