1. LT #2
I can define mutation and explain how mutations of a segment of DNA may
or may not affect an organism

2.  Mutations are heritable changes in genetic
information.
 Mutagen: physical or chemical agent that
can cause mutations in DNA
 Examples:
 X-rays, tobacco, pesticides, U-V light

3.  1) change DNA base sequence
 2) Increase error rate in DNA replication
 3) Weaken DNA strand causing breaks and
inversions that change the chromosomes.

4.  1) Gene mutations
 Change in one or a few nucleotides (A,C,G,T)
2) Chromosomal mutations
 Changes in whole chromosomes

5.  1) Substitution
 One base is changed to a different base.
2) Insertions:
An extra base is added
3) Deletions:
A base has been lost

7.  Original DNA strand: ATGCTATG
 1) ATCTATG
 2) ATGCTAATG
 3) ATGCAATG

8.  1) Deletion:
 Loss of all or part of a chromosome
2) Duplication:
Extra copy of all or part of a chromosome

9.  3) Inversion:
 Reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome
4) Translocation:
Part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches
to another.

11.  1) Most little or no effect
 2) Few produce beneficial results
 3) May disrupt gene function- negative
results

12.  Genetic Mutations in Humans