HDI dan Kemiskinan

Memahami Kemiskinan dan Pembangunan Manusia : Indikator dan Pendekatan Penanganan Tanjung Pinang, 11 Desember 2007

PENDAHULUAN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Persebaran Penduduk Miskin (2004)

TARGET NASIONAL Total Investasi Rp. 4.073 T Poverty 18,7 Juta Unemployment 5,7 juta Economy Growth 7,6 % INDONESIA AMAN ADIL DAMAI SEJAHTERA

HDI DAN IMPLIKASI KEBIJAKAN Refleksi dan Prospek

Pembangunan Manusia ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Development Paradigm Shifting masa lalu masa depan

Indeks-Indeks Aspek Pembangunan Manusia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Economic Growth Human Rights And Freedoms KONSEP PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ENLARGING PEOPLE CHOICES

PRINSIP Manusia seutuhnya Vision of realization of human rights and human f r eedom TUJUAN PEMBANGUNAN (RPJPN, RPJMN, MDG, dll) Produktifitas Kesetaraan Keberlanjutan Pemberdayaan

Apa ?? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Kebutuhan ?? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Kecenderungan: HDI Naik ---- Kemiskinan Turun *18 Asian countries

Konsep HDI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Being Knowledgeable Literacy & Enrolment Education Index A decent standard of living GDP per capita GDP Index HDI

Menghitung HDI ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],3 D it = salah satu dari 3 indeks dimensi pada tau tertentu i = HDI dimension X it =nilai yang dicapai dan X i , min and X i , max adalah nilai minimum dan maximum terpilih i = 1

Batas Indikator Life expectancy at birth (years) 85 25 Adult literacy rate (%) 100 0 Combined gross enrolment ratio (%) 100 0 GDP per capita (PPP US$) 40,000 100 Maximum value Minimum value

Kekuatan dan Kelemahan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source : UNDP, 2005

TREND HDI BEBERAPA NEGARA DI ASIA

Rethinking Fiscal Priorities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],DOKTER PERENCANA PROSES PERENCANAAN RPJM, RKP, APBD

Human Poverty Indeks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Dimensions: Indicators: A long and healthy life Probability at birth of not surviving until age 40 Knowledge Adult illiteracy rate A decent standard Access to safe water and children underweight for age

[object Object],Where: P 1 =Probability of not surviving to age 40 (times 100) P 2 =Adult illiteracy rate P 3 = Average of people without access to safe water and children underweight ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Dimensions: Indicators: A long and healthy life Probability at birth of not surviving until age 60 Knowledge Functional illiteracy rate A decent standard Social exclusion Relative income poverty Long-term unemployment

[object Object],Where: P 1 =Probability of not surviving to age 60 (times 100) P 2 =Functional illiteracy rate P 3 =Relative income poverty (population below 50% median income) P 4 = Long-term unemployment As  rises greater weight is given to the dimension in which there is most deprivation. In the global HDR  =3, giving additional but not overwhelming weight to areas of most acute deprivation

Human Poverty Index Percentage of people without access to safe water Percentage of people not living beyond 40 Percentage of people lack of health access Percentage of adult illiteracy Percentage of child malnutrition HUMAN POVERTY INDEX, 2000-2005

Implikasi HDI dan HPI bagi Penanggulangan Kemiskinan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Kemiskinan dan Implikasi Kebijakan

Ciri Kemiskinan Indonesia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Rentan Miskin (Transient Poverty) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

29,30% 52,32% 21,21% 43,86% 7,86% 20,76% 9,29% 27,89% Noon Poor Poor Household without access to safe water Household without access to sanitation Household with children aged 12-15 not enolled in junior high school Household with birth attended by traditional paramedics 0,00% 10,00% 20,00% 30,00% 40,00% 50,00% 60,00% Source: SUSENAS 2002, BPS

Potret Kesenjangan Wilayah ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Poverty and Inequality 1978-2004 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1978 1980 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2003 2004 Year Percent 0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25 0,3 0,35 0,4 Index Gini Poverty Gini Ratio

Kebijakan “ Pro-poor” (Memihak-Kepentingan-orang-Miskin) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Agenda ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Work For The Poor

Pertumbuhan Ekonomi ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pelayanan dasar ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pengeluaran Pemerintah ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Agenda Ke Depan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

TREND ASIA Sumber : World Tourism organization, 2006

Trend Wisman Indonesia 4.447,98 9,09 100,48 913,09 4.871.351 2006 4.521,89 9,05 99,86 904,00 5.002.101 2005 4.797,88 9,47 95,17 901,66 5.321.165 2004 4.037,02 9,69 93,27 903,74 4.467.021 2003 4.496.13 9,79 91,29 893,26 5.033.400 2002 5.428,62 10,49 100,42 1.053,36 5.153.620 2001 5.748,80 12,26 92,59 1.135,18 5.064.217 2000 PER DAY PER VISIT FOREIGN EXCHANGE INCOME AVG. STAY IN DAY(S) AVERAGE EXPENDITURE/ PERSON (US $) INTERNATIONAL VISITORS YEAR

Issue ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],PRO POOR TOURISM Pawisata yang dapat memberikan manfaat sebesar-besarnya ( net benefit ) untuk orang miskin, bisa berupa ekonomi, sosial, lingkungan atau budaya

COMMUNITY ORIENTED INDUSTRY THE LAND USE/PHYSICAL/ SPATIAL APPROACH BOOSTERISM PENDEKATAN PERENCANAAN PARIWISATA

Pendekatan Dalam Perencanaan Pariwisata (Getz, 1987, in Hall, 2000) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pendekatan Dalam Perencanaan Pariwisata ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Kenapa?? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pariwisata Pro-Poor ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Strategi ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

STRATEGI PARIWISATA Reformasi Kebijakan Keuntungan Non-Ekonomi Keuntungan Ekonomi

Tantangan Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

KEBIJAKAN JANGKA MENENGAH PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING PARIWISATA KONTRIBUSI USD 10 Miliar PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN PEMASARAN PARIWISATA PROGRAM PENGEMBANGAN DESTINASI PARIWISATA PROGRAM KEMITRAAN PRO POOR TOURISM

Peningkatan Destinasi ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Pengembangan Pemasaran ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Kemitraan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],SINERGI SELURUH POTENSI

Permasalahan Kawasan Kota Lama Menurunnya vitalitas fisik kawasan yang berakibat pada penurunan produktivitas ekonomi dan sosial budaya di kawasan-kawasan perkotaan. Pada saat ini dapat digolongkan menjadi 3 golongan yaitu : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Permasalahan Kota Lama Kawasan Mati

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Permasalahan Kota Lama Kawasan Degradasi Sedang

Kawasan Maju tapi kacau ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Permasalahan Kota Lama

HDI dan Kemiskinan

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HDI dan Kemiskinan