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1. Occupational Health and Safety Policy
Occupational Health and Safety
Refers to the legislation, policies, procedures and activities that aim to protect
the health, safety and welfare of all people at the workplace.
An OHS Policy is simply a method of stating how you, your employees,
contractors and visitors are expected to behave when they are on Company
property or performing Company related activities. As an employer or responsible
contractor, you are required by law to provide a ‘safe system of work’.
Here are the list of the 12 Occupational Health and Safety Policy.
12 OHSP:
1. Do not work alone so that there’s someone who can take care of you in
case of emergency.
2. Always power off the computer and unplug the computer before working
on it.
3. Take away any liquid near your working area to avoid getting electrocuted
or accidentally damaging computer parts.
4. Be careful with tools that may cause short circuit.
5. Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the
computer.
6. Do not use excessive force if things don’t quite slip into place.
7. Clean the area before and after using it to maintain sanitation and prevent
accidents.
8. Hold the components on the edges and do not touch the Integrated Circuit
(IC) parts.

2. 9. Always wear personal protective equipment’s (PPE) in accordance with the
organization’s OHS procedures and practices.
10. Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting a cable
connector.
11. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other
emergencies are recognized.
12. Use brush, compressed air or blower in cleaning the computer system.
8 Standard Computer Components and
What They Do
March 2nd, 2017 Business Intelligence
Computers are complex machines, with much of the processing and work being done at
a microscopic level. But did you know that inside a computer are several parts that you
can see or identify with ease? These computer components are what make any
machine run and affect its performance.
You don't have to be an IT expert to learn the basics of what computer parts do and
what they look like. Let's review some of the standard computer components and you'll
hopefully learn something today!
13. Motherboard
14. The motherboard is an important computer component because it's what everything
else connects to! The motherboard is a decently sized circuit board that lets other
components communicate. A motherboard has ports that face outside a PC's case,
so you can charge your computer, plug in a monitor, or connect a mouse.

3. 15.
16. A computer's motherboard also contains slots for expansions, so you can add
additional accessory ports if you wish. The motherboard also stores low-level
information like the system time even when the computer is turned off.
17. Power Supply
18. True to its name, the power supply powers all other components of the machine. It
usually plugs into the motherboard to power the other parts. The power supply
connects to either an internal battery (on a laptop) or a plug for an outlet (on a
desktop).

4. 19.
20. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
21. A CPU, sometimes referred to as a computer's brain, is the workhorse of the
machine. It performs the calculations needed by a system, and can vary in speed.
The work that a CPU does generates heat, which is why your computer has a fan
inside. A more powerful CPU is necessary for intense computer work like editing
high-definition video or programming complex software.

5. 22.
23. Random-access Memory (RAM)
24. RAM is temporary memory. Whenever you open up a Microsoft Word window, your
computer places it in RAM, and when you close the window, that RAM is freed.
Since RAM is volatile, its contents are lost if the machine loses power. This is why
you lose a Word document when the power goes out if you didn't save it.
25.
26. The more RAM you have, the more programs you can run at once. A common cause
of slow computers is a lack of sufficient RAM.
27. Hard Disk Drive / Solid State Drive
28. Since RAM is temporary, your computer needs a place to store data permanently.
That's where the hard drive comes in. The traditional hard drive consists of several
spinning platters with an arm that physically writes data to the disk. However, these
drives are slow and are starting to be replaced by the faster solid-state drives.

6. 29.
30. Solid-state drives consist of flash memory, like your smartphone or flash drive. They
are much faster than traditional hard disk drives, though cost more for the increased
efficiency. Both types of drives come in various sizes to suit different needs.

7. 31.
32. Replacing a hard drive with a solid state drive is one of the best computer upgrades
you can make — the speed difference is amazing.
33. Video Card
34. A video card is a dedicated unit for handling the output of images to a display. Video
cards have their own dedicated RAM for performing these functions. A high-end
video card is required to process extremely intense visual functions, such as
computer drafting by engineers. Like many components, many types of video cards
are available with varying power and prices.

8. 35.
36. An alternative to a video card is integrated graphics, which occurs when the system
borrows regular RAM for graphics processing. Typically integrated graphics are
attached to the CPU, especially on laptops. Integrated graphics is sufficient for
normal computing use and is less expensive than a dedicated card, but won't work
for intense editing jobs or high-end games.
37. Optical Drives
38. Though less common than they used to be, many machines still have an optical
drive for reading CDs and DVDs. These can be used to listen to music or watch
movies, place information onto a blank disc, or install software from a disc. Since
most software nowadays is installed from the internet instead of using discs, these
aren't as important as they once were, especially on laptops.

9. 39.
40. Input and Output Devices
41. Depending on your particular computer, you can connect a variety of devices to send
information into it or out of it. Common input devices include mice (touchpads on
laptops), keyboards, and webcams, while output devices consist of monitors,
printers, and speakers. Removable media such as flash drives and SD cards can
also be used to transfer data between computers.

10. 42.
43.
44. In summary, here's the inside of a desktop computer with its parts labeled:

11. 45.
46. Now you know the basics of what's inside your PC! These components look slightly
different inside laptops to compensate for the size differences, but perform the same
functions.

12. MATERIALS, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT and
TESTING DEVICES
october 21, 2018 by ruel carballo, posted in ict - chs9
LAN CARD
It is a network interface card. This is a computer circuit board or card that is
installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network.
SERVER
It is a part of a network. It is a special computer that users on the network can
access to carry out a particular job.
HUB / PORT
It is a connector on the back of a computer or other device. A port is either a
serial port or a parallel port.
MODEM
The modem is a device that allows a given computer to share data or otherwise
a device which let computers exchange information

13. SCANNER
It is an input device that read text or illustration printed on paper, translates the
information into a form that a computer can use
FLAT SCREW DRIVER
It is used to drive or fasten negative slotted screws
USB
Universal Serial Bus, a hardware interface for low-speed peripherals such as
the keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner, printer and telephony devices.
PRINTER
It is a piece of hardware that produces a paper copy (also known as ‘hardcopy’)
of the information generated by the computer.
RAM
Random Access Memory, is a primary memory. This memory is used inside
the computer to hold programs and data while it is running.
BIOS
Basic Input / Output System, chip that controls the most basic functions of the
computer and performs a self-test every time you turn it on.
FLASH DRIVE
RAM that can retain data without electrical power. It is widely used for BIOS
chips and for digital camera and digital music storage
VIDEO CAMERA
A camera using videotape: a camera that records onto videotape
LONG NOSE PLIERS
It is used for holding, bending and stretching the lead of electronics component
or connecting wire.
SOLDERING IRON
It is used to join two or more metal conductors with the support of soldering lead
melted around it.
DESOLDERING TOOL
It is used to unsolder unwanted parts or component in the circuit with the
support of soldering pencil.
PHILIPS SCREW DRIVER
It is used to drive or fasten positive slotted screws.

14. LAN TESTER
For RJ11,12,45 & BNC w/ Remote Unit This ergonomic tester is designed to
test most network cable wiring. You can either conduct an auto or manual test.
UTP
Unshielded Twisted Pair, is a popular type of cable used in computer
networking that consists of two shielded wires twisted around each.
Types of Computer Hardware You
Should Understand
RELATED BOOK
Digital Literacy For Dummies
By Faithe Wempen
Your computing experience is made up of interactions with hardware and
software. The hardware is all the tangible computer equipment, such as the
monitor, central processing unit, keyboard, and mouse. The main body of a
computer is the system unit. The system unit’s case houses a number of
essential components.

15. 1The central processing unit (CPU) is responsible for processing
most of the computer’s data, turning input into output.
As you might imagine, the speed and performance of the CPU is one of the
biggest factors that determines how well a computer works. A CPU is a very
small, thin silicon wafer that is encased in a ceramic chip and then mounted on a
circuit board.
CPU speed is measured in gigahertz (GHz). The higher this measurement, the
faster the CPU can operate. A hertz is a cycle per second; a gigahertz is 1 billion
cycles per second. CPU speed is not the only measurement of its performance,
though; different CPUs have efficiency-boosting technologies built into them that
can increase data throughput in a number of ways.
A fairer comparison between two different CPUs is the number of instructions per
second they can perform.
2Memory consists of computer chips that hold data.
One type of memory, called Random Access Memory (RAM), forms the central
pool of memory that a computer uses to operate. The more RAM a computer
has, the more applications it can have open at once without the computer’s

16. performance starting to bog down. More RAM can also make some applications
perform better in general.
Memory capacity is measured in gigabytes (GB), which is a billion bytes. Most
basic computers have at least 4GB today, with higher end systems having 16GB
or more. Like the CPU, memory consists of small, thin silicon wafers, encased in
ceramic chips and mounted on circuit boards. The circuit boards holding memory
are called DIMMs, which stands for dual inline memory module.
3A hard drive stores software.
When the computer is turned off, whatever is on the hard drive remains there, so
you don’t have to reload software every time you turn on the computer. The
operating system and your applications load from the hard drive into memory,
where they run.
Hard-drive capacity is also measured in gigabytes (GB), like memory. A typical
hard drive might be 500 GB or even 1 terabyte (1,000 GB) or more. Most hard
drives sold today are the traditional mechanical type that use metal platters to
store data with magnetic polarity, but a newer type, called a solid state hard drive
(SSHD), uses a type of memory, resulting in a fast, quiet, and reliable (but
expensive) storage alternative.
4In addition to the components in the system unit, a computer
may come with one or more input devices.

17. Input devices include keyboards, mice, trackballs, and touchpads.
5Each computer has some type of display screen.
Depending on the type of computer, the display screen may be built-in, or may
be a separate unit called a monitor with its own power cord, as shown. Some
displays are touchscreen, so you can use your finger on the screen to provide
input to the computer.
Display quality is measured in resolution — that is, the number of pixels
(individual colored dots) that comprise the display at its highest resolution. A
typical resolution for a notebook PC is 1920 x 1080, for example. The first
number is the horizontal resolution and the second one is the vertical resolution.
The aspect ratio of a display is the ratio of its width to its height, expressed in
pixels. Displays may either be standard aspect ratio (4:3) or widescreen (16:9).
For example, a small device might have a maximum resolution of 800 x 600; if
you simplify that to a fraction, it comes out to 4/3.
6Most desktop and notebook computers come with an optical
drive, which is a drive that will read CDs, DVDs, and/or Blu-ray
discs.

18. Optical drives get their name from the way data is written and read on the disc. A
laser light shines on the surface, and a sensor measures how much light is
bounced back from a certain spot.
Some laptop computers come without DVD capabilities because you can
download and install software or play videos and music from the cloud (that is,
via the Internet), so it’s possible to get along just fine without the ability to play
DVDs. However, most desktop computers still come with a DVD drive.
7Whatever computer you have, you will probably want to use it
to connect to the Internet. That means you will want it to have
a network adapter in it.
That capability may be built into the computer, or it may be added to the
computer via an expansion board or a device that plugs into a port.
Internet connectivity can be either wired or wireless. A wired connection requires
you to connect a cable from the computer to the device that supplies your
Internet connection (such as a cable modem). That type of cable and connection
is known as Ethernet.
A wireless connection allows the computer to communicate with the Internet
connection device through radio waves. The type of wireless connection used for
Internet connectivity is called Wi-Fi, or wireless Ethernet.
If high-speed Internet service is not available in your area, you may need to use
a dial-up modem to connect using your home telephone line. Dial-up modems
are nobody’s first choice — they are old, slow technology and they tie up your
phone line.

19. Basic Computer Terms
Hardware
- The physical parts of a computer -
CPU
Central processing unit; the brain of the computer; controls the other elements
of the computer
Disk Drive
A peripheral device that reads and/or writes information on a disk
Hard Drive
A device (usually within the computer case) that reads and writes information,
including the operating system, program files, and data files
Keyboard
A peripheral used to input data by pressing keys
Modem
A peripheral device used to connect one computer to another over a phone line
Monitor
A device used to display information visually
Mouse
A peripheral device used to point to items on a monitor
NIC
Network interface card; a board inserted in a computer that provides a physical
connection to a network
Printer
A peripheral device that converts output from a computer into a printed image
Software
- Instructions executed by a computer -
Applications
Complete, self-contained programs that perform a specific function (ie.
spreadsheets, databases)
Bit
A computer's most basic unit of information
Boot
The process of loading or initializing an operating system on a computer;
usually occurs as soon as a computer is turned on
Browser

20. A program used to view World Wide Web pages, such as Netscape Navigator
or Internet Explorer
Bug
A part of a program that usually causes the computer to malfunction; often
remedied in patches or updates to the program
Byte
Small unit of data storage; 8 bits; usually holds one character
Click
Occurs when a user presses a button on a mouse which in turn, generates a
command to the computer
Database
A large structured set of data; a file that contains numerous records that contain
numerous fields
Diskette
A small flexible disk used for storing computer data
Double Click
Occurs when a user presses a button on the mouse twice in quick succession;
this generates a command to the computer
Download
Transferring data from another computer to your computer
Drag
Occurs when a user points the mouse at an icon or folder, presses the button
and without releasing the button, moves the icon or folder to another place on
the computer where the button is released
Driver
Software program that controls a piece of hardware or a peripheral
FAQ
Frequently asked question; documents that answer questions common to a
particular website or program
File
Namable unit of data storage; an element of data storage; a single sequence of
bytes
Folder
A graphical representation used to organize a collection of computer files; as in
the concept of a filing cabinet (computer's hard drive) with files (folders)
Freeware
Software provided at no cost to the user
Gigabyte
1,073,741,824 bytes or 1,024 megabytes; generally abbreviated GB
GUI

21. Graphical user interface; uses pictures and words to represent ideas, choices,
functions, etc.
Icon
A small picture used to represent a file or program in a GUI interface
Internet
A network of computer networks encompassing the World Wide Web, FTP,
telnet, and many other protocols
IP number
Internet protocol; a computer's unique address or number on the Internet
Kilobyte
1,024 bytes; usually abbreviated KB
Megabyte
1,048,576 bytes or 1,024 kilobytes; enough storage to approximately equal a
600 page paperback book; generally abbreviated Mb
Memory
Any device that holds computer data
Menu
A list of operations available to the user of a program
Network
A collection of computers that are connected
Peripheral
Any of a number of hardware devices connected to a CPU
RAM
Random access memory; the type of storage that changes; when the computer is
turned off, the RAM memory is erased
ROM
Read-only memory; the type of storage that is not changed even when the
computer is turned off
Scroll Bar
Allows the user to control which portion of the document is visible in the
window; available either horizontally or vertically or both
Shareware
Software provided at a minimal cost to users who are on their honor to send in
payment to the programmer
Spreadsheet
A program arranged in rows and columns that manipulates numbers
Tool Bar
A graphical representation of program activities; a row of icons used to perform
tasks in a program
URL

22. Uniform resource locator; the address of a site on the World Wide Web; a
standard way of locating objects on the Internet
Virus
A deliberately harmful computer program designed to create annoying glitches
or destroy data
Window
A screen in a software program that permits the user to view several programs
at one time
Word Processor
A program that allows the user to create primarily text documents