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E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Knowledge Graphs
in search engines like Google
Emanuele Della Valle
DEIB - Politecnico di Milano
http://emanueledellavalle.org
@manudellavalle
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Share, Remix, Reuse — Legally
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3.0 Unported License.
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Under the following conditions
Attribution — You must attribute the work by inserting
“by E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org -
@manudellavalle”
at the end of each reused slide
To view a copy of this license, visithttp
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2
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Me
• Assistant Professor at DEIB
Politecnico di Milano
• Expert in semantic technologies
and stream computing
• Brander of stream reasoning: an
approach to master the velocity
and variety dimension of Big Data
• https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
hl=en&q="stream+reasoning"
• 17 years of experience in
research and innovation projects
• Startupper:
• http://www.fluxedo.com
3
emanuele.dellavalle@poli
mi.it
@manudellavalle
http://emanueledellavalle.o
rg
http://streamreasoning.org
http://fluxedo.com
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
• The interoperability problem
• The standardization dilemma
• One standard does not fit all
• Embrace change with semantic technologies
• Demo time for Google Knowledge Graph
• How this become possible
Agenda
4
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Definitions of Interoperability
• Interoperability
• the ability of information and communication technology (ICT) systems
to exchange data and to enable sharing of information and knowledge
• Functional interoperability
• Information has to be transmitted reliably between heterogeneous
applications
• Semantic interoperability
• Transmission must occur without loss of meaning, and thus without
loss of computability
• E.g., Semantic Interoperability in healthcare information systems
• It is the ability to share information without loss of computable
meaning, across multiple applications concerned with
clinical (primary use) and related administrative, financial, and
research domains (secondary uses).
5
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Once upon a time …
6
…, in an happy organization, users
were happy of the application the IT
department prepared for them, but …
application
[…]
… the organization was not alone.
Another organization developed a
complementary application …
complementary application
[…]
… so, one day, the two organizations
decided to integrate the two
applications.
Organizational
boundaries
application
[…]
complementary application
[…]
Organizational
boundaries
application
[…]
?
Having much to gain the happy
organization decided to invest in a
bi-lateral solution
complementary application
[…]
Organizational
boundaries
application
[…]
adapter
!
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
… this went on for a while, but …
7
[…]
!
… the more bi-lateral integrations, the sadder the organizations
became.
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
!
!
!!
!!
!!
!?!
!!!
!
!!
!?!?!?
?!?
?!? ! OK
!! Good
!!! Very Good
!?! Very Good …
?!? Have I done the
right thing?
??? Does it make
sence?
?#@ Why am I
doying it!!!
Legend
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
… So, they standardized and …
8
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
standard
… and they lived happily ever after!
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Well, not really :-( Actually …
9
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
[…]
??? KEEP
CALM
AND
WAIT FOR
1 YEARS10100
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Why? The Standardization dilemma!
Comprehensive
Handles all use cases
Good
High quality
Timely
Completed quickly
Pick two!
Pick two!
10
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
There are a variety of them
11
Standards are like plumbs
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Over 100 in the Healthcare domain!
AIR ALT AOD AOT BI CCC CCPSS CCS CDT CHV COSTAR CPM CPT
CPTSP CSP CST DDB DMDICD10 DMDUMD DSM3R DSM4 DXP FMA
HCDT HCPCS HCPT HL7V2.5 HL7V3.0 HLREL ICD10 ICD10AE ICD10AM
ICD10AMAE ICD10CM ICD10DUT ICD10PCS ICD9CM ICF ICF-CY ICPC
ICPC2EDUT ICPC2EENG ICPC2ICD10DUT ICPC2ICD10ENG ICPC2P
ICPCBAQ ICPCDAN ICPCDUT ICPCFIN ICPCFRE ICPCGER ICPCHEB
ICPCHUN ICPCITA ICPCNOR ICPCPOR ICPCSPA ICPCSWE JABL KCD5
LCH LNC_AD8 LNC_MDS30 MCM MEDLINEPLUS MSHCZE MSHDUT
MSHFIN MSHFRE MSHGER MSHITA MSHJPN MSHLAV MSHNOR
MSHPOL MSHPOR MSHRUS MSHSCR MSHSPA MSHSWE MTH MTHCH
MTHHH MTHICD9 MTHICPC2EAE MTHICPC2ICD10AE MTHMST
MTHMSTFRE MTHMSTITA NAN NCISEER NIC NOC OMS PCDS PDQ
PNDS PPAC PSY QMR RAM RCD RCDAE RCDSA RCDSY SNM SNMI
SOP SPN SRC TKMT ULT UMD USPMG UWDA WHO WHOFRE WHOGER
WHOPOR WHOSPA
12
[source: dbooth.org/2014/yosemite/yosemite-project-slides.pdf]
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
And they keep changing :-(
13
[Credits: Rafael Richards]
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Why?
14
[source http://xkcd.com/927/ ]
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
… sometime the variety is required
15
standards are like plumbs
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
One standard does not fit all
Different use cases need need different data, granularity and representations
16
[source: dbooth.org/2014/yosemite/yosemite-project-slides.pdf]
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
… thus translation is needed
17
standards are like plumbs
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
And counting on translation between standards is even convenient while
working on increasing the comprehensiveness of a standard over time
18
Translation is unavoidable!
Comprehensive
0%
100%
Time
Translation
Standard
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
But be aware of the cost of ad hoc translation!
19
standards are like plumbs
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
…in healthcare costs $30000 Million per year in USA
[source: http://www.calgaryscientific.com/blog/bid/284224/Interoperability-Could-
Reduce-U-S-Healthcare-Costs-by-Thirty-Billion]
20
The luck of interoperability …
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
So What?!?
“It is not necessarily
the strongest of the
species that survives
nor the most intelligent,
but the one that is
most responsive to change.”
--- Charles Darwin
“The Origin of Species”
21
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Embrace change!
22
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Semantic Technologies embrace change
23
subject objectobject
property
Proposing a simple data model: RDF
E.g.,
Flexible enough to represent:
Tables
Amoxi-
cillin
bacterial
disease
bacterial
disease
treats
Trees Graphs
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Providing a powerful query language: SPARQL
E.g., what does Amoxicillin treat?
?x={Bacterial disease, Urinary tract infection, Sinus infection, …}
Flexible enough to query RDF data even without knowing the schema
E.g., can you describe Amoxicillin ?
?p={treats} ?x={Bacterial disease, Urinary tract infection, Sinus infection, …}
?p={hasSideEffects} ?x={Diarrhoea}
?p={belongsTo} ?x={β-Lactam antibiotic, Penicillin-class Antibacterial}
…
Semantic Technologies embrace change
24
Amoxi-
cillin
?x?x
treats
Amoxi-
cillin
?x?x
?p
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Providing a formal language for conceptual modelling: OWL
E.g., Heart
Heart is a muscular
organ that is part of
the circulatory system
∀x.[ Heart(x)→
MuscolarOrgan(x)∧
∃y.[isPartOf(x,y )∧
CirculatorySystem(y)]]
OWL is a modular standard that offers different trade-offs
OWL-QL OWL-RL OWL-EL
Semantic Technologies embrace change
25
TermsData
Terms
Data Terms
Data
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Semantic Technologies embrace change
26
Standard in OWL
[…]
Ontology Based Data Access as a prototypical solution to interoperability
problems
<XML><XML>
Translator Translator Translator
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Semantic Technologies embrace change
27
Standard in OWL
[…]
SPARQL Queries
Ontology Based Data Access as a prototypical solution to interoperability
problems
RDBMS <XML><XML>
Translator Translator Translator
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Semantic Technologies embrace change
28
Standard in OWL
Results
{ , , }
Ontology Based Data Access as a prototypical solution to interoperability
problems
[…]
RDBMS <XML><XML>
Translator Translator Translator
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle 29
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle 30
DEM
O
TIM
E
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Search for Galileo and look to the right
31
Galileo
Galilei
AstronomerAstronomer
type
February
15, 1564
February
15, 1564
when born
CallistoCallisto
GanimedeGanimede
discovered
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Let's try a more complex query
32
Galileo
Galilei
discovered
?x?x
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Try and enjoy!
33
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle 34
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
“The Semantic Web is not a
separate Web, but an
extension of the current one,
in which information is given
well-defined meaning, better
enabling computers and
people to work in
cooperation.”
“The Semantic Web”,
Scientific American Magazine,
Maggio 2001
Semantic interoperability
on the functionally
interoperable Web
2001
In the begging was the Semantic Web
35
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
2008
It gained popularity when Linked Data became standards
36
View the full talk at http://www.ted.com/talks/view/id/484 !
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
2008
it was funded by USA, UK and …
37
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
2008
… and EU
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
2008
Search engine created incentives
[source https://developer.yahoo.com/searchmonkey/siteowner.html ]
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
2008
Search engine created incentives
[source https://developers.google.com/structured-data/rich-snippets/ ]
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
•Since Fall 2009
•450.000 products
•Using RDFa
(= RDF embedded in HTML)
•Pages with RDFa higher in Google
ranking
•BestBuy claims 30% more traffic!
•Yahoo reports 15% higher click-
through rat
2009
Best Buy picked them up
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
© 2012 Politecnico di Milano, Emanuele Della
Valle
2009
Best Buy picked them up
<div rel="v:hasReview">
<span property="v:rating"
datatype="xsd:string"> 4.8</span>
of <span property="v:best">5</span>
<div rel="v:hasReview">
<span property="v:rating"
datatype="xsd:string"> 4.8</span>
of <span property="v:best">5</span>
RDFa
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Google for Nikon+12.3-Megapixel+Digital+SLR+Camera
https://www.google.com/search?q=Nikon+12.3-Megapixel+Digital+SLR+Camera
2009
Best Buy picked them up
en
Sponsored
Links
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
• Who: Richard MacManus
• When: April 15th, 2010
• Context: Modigliani’s painting are
scattered all other the world
• The challenge: If all museums would have
published their collections as linked data,
will it be possible to know the locations of all
the original paintings of Modigliani?
• http://readwrite.com/2010/04/15/the_modigliani_test_semantic_web_tipping_
2010
The Modigliani test for Linked Data
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
The Results of Modigliani test for Linked Data
• Who: Atanas Kiryakov (Ontotext AD)
• When: April 25th, 2010
• How: http://factforge.net/ a “reason-able” view to the web of data
• Results: http://bit.ly/ModiglianiTest
http://readwrite.com/2010/04/25/the_modigliani_test_for_linked_data
2010
The Modigliani test for Linked Data
Part of my LarKC project
http://www.larkc.org/
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Use RDFa with some FB specific vocabulary
og:title - The title of your object, e.g., "The Rock".
og:type - The type of your object, e.g., "movie".
og:image - An image URL
og:url - The permanent ID of your object
og:description - A one to two sentence description of your object.
og:site_name - If your object is part of a larger web site, the name which
should be displayed for the overall site. e.g., "IMDb".
2010
It went main stream with Facebook Open Graph
http://ogp.me/
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Open Graph Usage Statistics
15 millions sites are using Open Graph! 39% of the top 10,000 sites
2010
It went main stream with Facebook Open Graph
[Source: http://trends.builtwith.com/docinfo/Open-Graph-Protocol]
%
40
30
20
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
•The core vocabulary currently consists of
•597 Types
•867 Properties
•114 Enumeration values
[Sourcehttp://blog.schema.org/2015/11/schemaorg-whats-new.html]
2011
It reached its full potential with schema.org
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Thanks to schema.org also recipe are
in the Knowledge Graphs
49
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle 50
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Google Knowledge Graph (powered by
Semantic Technologies) passes the Modigliani Test
51
E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle
Knowledge Graphs
in search engines like Google
Emanuele Della Valle
DEIB - Politecnico di Milano
http://emanueledellavalle.org
@manudellavalle

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Knowledge graphs in search engines

  • 1. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Knowledge Graphs in search engines like Google Emanuele Della Valle DEIB - Politecnico di Milano http://emanueledellavalle.org @manudellavalle
  • 2. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Share, Remix, Reuse — Legally This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Your are free: to Share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work to Remix — to adapt the work Under the following conditions Attribution — You must attribute the work by inserting “by E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle” at the end of each reused slide To view a copy of this license, visithttp ://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ 2
  • 3. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Me • Assistant Professor at DEIB Politecnico di Milano • Expert in semantic technologies and stream computing • Brander of stream reasoning: an approach to master the velocity and variety dimension of Big Data • https://scholar.google.com/scholar? hl=en&q="stream+reasoning" • 17 years of experience in research and innovation projects • Startupper: • http://www.fluxedo.com 3 emanuele.dellavalle@poli mi.it @manudellavalle http://emanueledellavalle.o rg http://streamreasoning.org http://fluxedo.com
  • 4. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle • The interoperability problem • The standardization dilemma • One standard does not fit all • Embrace change with semantic technologies • Demo time for Google Knowledge Graph • How this become possible Agenda 4
  • 5. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Definitions of Interoperability • Interoperability • the ability of information and communication technology (ICT) systems to exchange data and to enable sharing of information and knowledge • Functional interoperability • Information has to be transmitted reliably between heterogeneous applications • Semantic interoperability • Transmission must occur without loss of meaning, and thus without loss of computability • E.g., Semantic Interoperability in healthcare information systems • It is the ability to share information without loss of computable meaning, across multiple applications concerned with clinical (primary use) and related administrative, financial, and research domains (secondary uses). 5
  • 6. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Once upon a time … 6 …, in an happy organization, users were happy of the application the IT department prepared for them, but … application […] … the organization was not alone. Another organization developed a complementary application … complementary application […] … so, one day, the two organizations decided to integrate the two applications. Organizational boundaries application […] complementary application […] Organizational boundaries application […] ? Having much to gain the happy organization decided to invest in a bi-lateral solution complementary application […] Organizational boundaries application […] adapter !
  • 7. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle … this went on for a while, but … 7 […] ! … the more bi-lateral integrations, the sadder the organizations became. […] […] […] […] […] […] ! ! !! !! !! !?! !!! ! !! !?!?!? ?!? ?!? ! OK !! Good !!! Very Good !?! Very Good … ?!? Have I done the right thing? ??? Does it make sence? ?#@ Why am I doying it!!! Legend
  • 8. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle … So, they standardized and … 8 […] […] […] […] […] […] […] standard … and they lived happily ever after!
  • 9. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Well, not really :-( Actually … 9 […] […] […] […] […] […] […] ??? KEEP CALM AND WAIT FOR 1 YEARS10100
  • 10. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Why? The Standardization dilemma! Comprehensive Handles all use cases Good High quality Timely Completed quickly Pick two! Pick two! 10
  • 11. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle There are a variety of them 11 Standards are like plumbs
  • 12. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Over 100 in the Healthcare domain! AIR ALT AOD AOT BI CCC CCPSS CCS CDT CHV COSTAR CPM CPT CPTSP CSP CST DDB DMDICD10 DMDUMD DSM3R DSM4 DXP FMA HCDT HCPCS HCPT HL7V2.5 HL7V3.0 HLREL ICD10 ICD10AE ICD10AM ICD10AMAE ICD10CM ICD10DUT ICD10PCS ICD9CM ICF ICF-CY ICPC ICPC2EDUT ICPC2EENG ICPC2ICD10DUT ICPC2ICD10ENG ICPC2P ICPCBAQ ICPCDAN ICPCDUT ICPCFIN ICPCFRE ICPCGER ICPCHEB ICPCHUN ICPCITA ICPCNOR ICPCPOR ICPCSPA ICPCSWE JABL KCD5 LCH LNC_AD8 LNC_MDS30 MCM MEDLINEPLUS MSHCZE MSHDUT MSHFIN MSHFRE MSHGER MSHITA MSHJPN MSHLAV MSHNOR MSHPOL MSHPOR MSHRUS MSHSCR MSHSPA MSHSWE MTH MTHCH MTHHH MTHICD9 MTHICPC2EAE MTHICPC2ICD10AE MTHMST MTHMSTFRE MTHMSTITA NAN NCISEER NIC NOC OMS PCDS PDQ PNDS PPAC PSY QMR RAM RCD RCDAE RCDSA RCDSY SNM SNMI SOP SPN SRC TKMT ULT UMD USPMG UWDA WHO WHOFRE WHOGER WHOPOR WHOSPA 12 [source: dbooth.org/2014/yosemite/yosemite-project-slides.pdf]
  • 13. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle And they keep changing :-( 13 [Credits: Rafael Richards]
  • 14. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Why? 14 [source http://xkcd.com/927/ ]
  • 15. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle … sometime the variety is required 15 standards are like plumbs
  • 16. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle One standard does not fit all Different use cases need need different data, granularity and representations 16 [source: dbooth.org/2014/yosemite/yosemite-project-slides.pdf]
  • 17. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle … thus translation is needed 17 standards are like plumbs
  • 18. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle And counting on translation between standards is even convenient while working on increasing the comprehensiveness of a standard over time 18 Translation is unavoidable! Comprehensive 0% 100% Time Translation Standard
  • 19. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle But be aware of the cost of ad hoc translation! 19 standards are like plumbs
  • 20. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle …in healthcare costs $30000 Million per year in USA [source: http://www.calgaryscientific.com/blog/bid/284224/Interoperability-Could- Reduce-U-S-Healthcare-Costs-by-Thirty-Billion] 20 The luck of interoperability …
  • 21. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle So What?!? “It is not necessarily the strongest of the species that survives nor the most intelligent, but the one that is most responsive to change.” --- Charles Darwin “The Origin of Species” 21
  • 22. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Embrace change! 22
  • 23. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Semantic Technologies embrace change 23 subject objectobject property Proposing a simple data model: RDF E.g., Flexible enough to represent: Tables Amoxi- cillin bacterial disease bacterial disease treats Trees Graphs
  • 24. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Providing a powerful query language: SPARQL E.g., what does Amoxicillin treat? ?x={Bacterial disease, Urinary tract infection, Sinus infection, …} Flexible enough to query RDF data even without knowing the schema E.g., can you describe Amoxicillin ? ?p={treats} ?x={Bacterial disease, Urinary tract infection, Sinus infection, …} ?p={hasSideEffects} ?x={Diarrhoea} ?p={belongsTo} ?x={β-Lactam antibiotic, Penicillin-class Antibacterial} … Semantic Technologies embrace change 24 Amoxi- cillin ?x?x treats Amoxi- cillin ?x?x ?p
  • 25. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Providing a formal language for conceptual modelling: OWL E.g., Heart Heart is a muscular organ that is part of the circulatory system ∀x.[ Heart(x)→ MuscolarOrgan(x)∧ ∃y.[isPartOf(x,y )∧ CirculatorySystem(y)]] OWL is a modular standard that offers different trade-offs OWL-QL OWL-RL OWL-EL Semantic Technologies embrace change 25 TermsData Terms Data Terms Data
  • 26. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Semantic Technologies embrace change 26 Standard in OWL […] Ontology Based Data Access as a prototypical solution to interoperability problems <XML><XML> Translator Translator Translator
  • 27. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Semantic Technologies embrace change 27 Standard in OWL […] SPARQL Queries Ontology Based Data Access as a prototypical solution to interoperability problems RDBMS <XML><XML> Translator Translator Translator
  • 28. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Semantic Technologies embrace change 28 Standard in OWL Results { , , } Ontology Based Data Access as a prototypical solution to interoperability problems […] RDBMS <XML><XML> Translator Translator Translator
  • 29. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle 29
  • 30. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle 30 DEM O TIM E
  • 31. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Search for Galileo and look to the right 31 Galileo Galilei AstronomerAstronomer type February 15, 1564 February 15, 1564 when born CallistoCallisto GanimedeGanimede discovered
  • 32. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Let's try a more complex query 32 Galileo Galilei discovered ?x?x
  • 33. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Try and enjoy! 33
  • 34. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle 34
  • 35. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle “The Semantic Web is not a separate Web, but an extension of the current one, in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.” “The Semantic Web”, Scientific American Magazine, Maggio 2001 Semantic interoperability on the functionally interoperable Web 2001 In the begging was the Semantic Web 35
  • 36. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle 2008 It gained popularity when Linked Data became standards 36 View the full talk at http://www.ted.com/talks/view/id/484 !
  • 37. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle 2008 it was funded by USA, UK and … 37
  • 38. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle 2008 … and EU
  • 39. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle 2008 Search engine created incentives [source https://developer.yahoo.com/searchmonkey/siteowner.html ]
  • 40. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle 2008 Search engine created incentives [source https://developers.google.com/structured-data/rich-snippets/ ]
  • 41. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle •Since Fall 2009 •450.000 products •Using RDFa (= RDF embedded in HTML) •Pages with RDFa higher in Google ranking •BestBuy claims 30% more traffic! •Yahoo reports 15% higher click- through rat 2009 Best Buy picked them up
  • 42. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle © 2012 Politecnico di Milano, Emanuele Della Valle 2009 Best Buy picked them up <div rel="v:hasReview"> <span property="v:rating" datatype="xsd:string"> 4.8</span> of <span property="v:best">5</span> <div rel="v:hasReview"> <span property="v:rating" datatype="xsd:string"> 4.8</span> of <span property="v:best">5</span> RDFa
  • 43. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Google for Nikon+12.3-Megapixel+Digital+SLR+Camera https://www.google.com/search?q=Nikon+12.3-Megapixel+Digital+SLR+Camera 2009 Best Buy picked them up en Sponsored Links
  • 44. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle • Who: Richard MacManus • When: April 15th, 2010 • Context: Modigliani’s painting are scattered all other the world • The challenge: If all museums would have published their collections as linked data, will it be possible to know the locations of all the original paintings of Modigliani? • http://readwrite.com/2010/04/15/the_modigliani_test_semantic_web_tipping_ 2010 The Modigliani test for Linked Data
  • 45. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle The Results of Modigliani test for Linked Data • Who: Atanas Kiryakov (Ontotext AD) • When: April 25th, 2010 • How: http://factforge.net/ a “reason-able” view to the web of data • Results: http://bit.ly/ModiglianiTest http://readwrite.com/2010/04/25/the_modigliani_test_for_linked_data 2010 The Modigliani test for Linked Data Part of my LarKC project http://www.larkc.org/
  • 46. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Use RDFa with some FB specific vocabulary og:title - The title of your object, e.g., "The Rock". og:type - The type of your object, e.g., "movie". og:image - An image URL og:url - The permanent ID of your object og:description - A one to two sentence description of your object. og:site_name - If your object is part of a larger web site, the name which should be displayed for the overall site. e.g., "IMDb". 2010 It went main stream with Facebook Open Graph http://ogp.me/
  • 47. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Open Graph Usage Statistics 15 millions sites are using Open Graph! 39% of the top 10,000 sites 2010 It went main stream with Facebook Open Graph [Source: http://trends.builtwith.com/docinfo/Open-Graph-Protocol] % 40 30 20 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
  • 48. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle •The core vocabulary currently consists of •597 Types •867 Properties •114 Enumeration values [Sourcehttp://blog.schema.org/2015/11/schemaorg-whats-new.html] 2011 It reached its full potential with schema.org
  • 49. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Thanks to schema.org also recipe are in the Knowledge Graphs 49
  • 50. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle 50
  • 51. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Google Knowledge Graph (powered by Semantic Technologies) passes the Modigliani Test 51
  • 52. E. Della Valle – http://emanueledellavalle.org - @manudellavalle Knowledge Graphs in search engines like Google Emanuele Della Valle DEIB - Politecnico di Milano http://emanueledellavalle.org @manudellavalle