Hypothyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone to meet the body’s needs.
Hyperthyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormone than the body needs.
2. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland
located in the front of the neck below the larynx,
or voice box. The thyroid gland makes thyroid
hormones, triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and
calcitonin, which circulate in the bloodstream
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6. 1-physical assessment.
2-blood tests
*TSH test
*T4 test
*T3 test
*TSI (Thyroid-stimulating Immunoglobulin) test
*Anti-thyroid antibody test
3-Radiologic test
(
radioactive iodine uptake
)
*RAIU
*Thyroid Scan
7. What is hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism is a disorder that occurs when the
thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid
hormone to meet the body’s needs. Thyroid
hormone regulates metabolism—the way the
body uses energy—and affects nearly every
organ in the body. Without enough thyroid
hormone, many of the body’s functions slow down
8. Hypothyroidism has several causes, including
Hashimoto’s disease (homework)
thyroiditis, or inflammation of the thyroid
congenital hypothyroidism
surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid
radiation treatment of the thyroid
some medications, as in amiodarone.
*Less commonly, hypothyroidism is caused by too much or too
little iodine in the diet or by abnormalities of the pituitary gland.
9. have had a thyroid problem before, such as a goiter
have had surgery to correct a thyroid problem
have received radiation to the thyroid, neck, or chest
have a family history of thyroid disease
have other autoimmune diseases
have Turner syndrome, a genetic disorder that affects
females
are older than age 60
have been pregnant
.
10. fatigue
weight gain
a puffy face
cold intolerance
joint and muscle pain
constipation
dry skin
dry, thinning hair
decreased sweating
heavy or irregular menstrual periods and impaired fertility
depression
slowed heart rate
However, hypothyroidism develops slowly, so many people don’t notice
symptoms of the disease.
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13. Cause
Test
TSH T3/T4 Antithyroid Antibody
Hashimoto-s (thyroiditis) disease ↑ ↓ or N +
Hashimoto-s (thyroiditis)
disease (later stage)
↑ ↓ +
Pituitary abnormality ↓ ↓ -
14. Health care providers treat hypothyroidism with
synthetic thyroxine, a medication that is
identical to the hormone T4. The exact dose will
depend on the patient’s age and weight, the
severity of the hypothyroidism, the presence of
other health
problems
15. Hyperthyroidism is a disorder that occurs when
the thyroid gland makes more thyroid hormone
than the body needs. Hyperthyroidism is
sometimes called thyrotoxicosis, the technical
term for too much thyroid hormone in the blood.
16.
17. Hyperthyroidism has several causes, including
Graves’ disease
thyroid nodules
thyroiditis, or inflammation of the thyroid
consuming too much iodine
overmedicating with synthetic thyroid hormone
18. have had a thyroid problem before, such as goiter or
thyroid surgery
have pernicious anemia; type 1 diabetes; or primary
adrenal insufficiency, a hormonal disorder
have a family history of thyroid disease
eat large amounts of food containing iodine, such as
kelp, or use iodine-containing medications such as
amiodarone, a heart medication
are older than 60 years
. have been pregnant
* Women are five to 10 times more likely than men.
19. You may have no symptoms at all. Or:
irritability
fatigue
heat intolerance
trouble sleeping
hand tremors
rapid and irregular heartbeat
frequent bowel movements or diarrhea
weight loss
mood swings
goiter, which is an enlarged thyroid that may cause the neck to look swollen and
can interfere with normal breathing and swallowing
. Exophthalmos (eye bulging)
*, hyperthyroidism can lead to heart problems, bone problems, and a dangerous
condition called thyroid storm
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21.
22. Symptoms
Symptoms are severe and may include:
Agitation
Change in alertness (consciousness)
Confusion
Diarrhea
Fever (40.5-41.1 C)
Pounding heart (tachycardia)
Restlessness
Shaking
Sweating