1. Introduction
Globally, breast cancer is one of the commonest type of
malignancy among women. Over the last 26 years, incidence rate
of breast cancer was increased by 39.1% (observable increase in
every state). According to GloboCAN 2020, in India, breast
cancer accounts for 13.5% among all the cancer cases and 10.6%
of all deaths.
The National Cancer Registry Program obtained from
population based cancer registries that showed a significant
increase in the trend of breast cancer . As per data of the Union
Health Ministry’s, Jammu & Kashmir reported (approx.) 39041
cases of cancer, in which 12675 were found in 2019, 13012were
found in 2020 and 13354 were found in 2021.

2. Introduction (contd.)
In India, higher proportion of the disease is occurring at a very
younger age and the survival rate is also very poor due to early
age onset of disease, late stage presentation, delayed initiation for
management & inadequate treatment.
WHO GBCI aimed to reduce global breast cancer mortality
by 2.5% per year. To achieve this, three strategies are: health
promotion for early detection, diagnosis and comprehensive case
management of breast cancer..
So, it is very important to diagnose and treat breast cancer
at an early stage. BSE is considered as an important tool to
diagnose breast cancer

3. Statement of Problem
“A study to Assess the Effectiveness of Computer
Assisted Instruction (CAI) Vs Traditional Instruction on
Knowledge and Practices regarding Breast Self-
Examination among Female Nursing Students Studying
in selected Nursing College at Jammu”

4. Operational Definitions
• Effectiveness: It can be defined in the terms of increase in the
knowledge score regarding breast self-examination among nursing
students of selected nursing college in both experimental groups.
• Lecture Method: It involves educational information regarding
breast self-examination given by using lecture method of teaching
in classroom.
• Computer assisted instruction: It includes power point presentation
showing educational information regarding breast self-examination
and videos.

5. Operational Definitions (contd.)
•Breast self-examination: Breast self-examination is a
screening tool for examination of one’s own breasts to
detect lumps or other changes that may need to be
further evaluated. It is a checkup a woman performed
at home to detect the changes present in the breast
tissue.

6. Review of literature
• Literature related to effect of lecture method of teaching on
knowledge regarding BSE .
• Literature related to effect of lecture method of teaching on
practices regarding BSE .
• Literature related to effect of computer assisted teaching on
knowledge regarding BSE .
• Literature related to effect of computer assisted teaching on
practices regarding BSE .

7. Need of Study
World Cancer Report 2020, states BSE as the most effective
intervention to control Breast Cancer by early diagnosis/detection and
rapid treatment. The Breast Health Global Initiative also recommends
breast self examination for early detection. As evident from many
studies that the early detection of breast cancer is essential, a very
smaller number of studies have conducted on nursing students that
further facilitate the behavior of nurses to perform BSE.
So, the aim of this study to develop and validate the intervention
protocol to promote BSE, and to evaluate its effectiveness on the same.
This study was designed to prove the assumptions and to test the
hypothesis that these simple and practical interventional programmes
play a significant role to increase the appropriate use of practices of BSE
among nursing students.

8. Objectives of Study
• To assess the pre & post-test level of knowledge and practices
regarding breast self-examination among female nursing students
studying in selected nursing college in both experimental groups.
• To evaluate the effectiveness lecture method of teaching and
computer assisted teaching on knowledge and practices regarding
breast self-examination among female nursing students studying in
selected nursing college in both experimental groups.
• To associate the pre and post-test knowledge and practices regarding
breast self-examination among female nursing students studying in
selected nursing college in both experimental groups with the
selected demographic variables.

9. Delimitations
• The study is limited to the selected nursing colleges.
• The study is limited to the female nursing students.
• The study is limited to the period of data collection

10. Hypothesis
H0: At the end of the interventional program, there will be no statistically
significant increase in the level of knowledge and practices regarding
breast self-examination among female nursing students studying in selected
nursing colleges in both experimental groups.
H1: At the end of the interventional program, there will be a statistically
significant increase in the level of knowledge and practices regarding
breast self-examination among female nursing students studying in selected
nursing colleges in first experimental group (lecture method).
H2: At the end of the interventional program, there will be a statistically
significant increase in the level of knowledge and practices regarding
breast self-examination among female nursing students studying in selected
nursing colleges in second experimental group (computer assisted
teaching).

11. Assumptions
It is assumed that in this study, that computer assisted
instruction will be more effective in increasing knowledge
& practices of students regarding breast self-examination
as compared to the traditional method of instruction.

12. Research Methodology
Research approach: Quantitative research approach
Research Design: Quasi experimental research design i.e,
(non-equivalent control group design)
Variables:
 Independent: Computer assisted instruction and traditional
instruction
 Dependent: Level of knowledge of nursing students

13. Research Methodology (contd.)
• Study Setting: Selected nursing colleges, Jammu.
• Study population: All the B.Sc nursing female students of
selected nursing colleges, Jammu.
• Target population: All the first year female b.sc nursing students
of selected nursing colleges, Jammu. .
• Accessible population: All the nursing students of selected
colleges who will be available during the period of data
collection.

14. Research Methodology (contd.)
• Sampling technique: Non-probability sampling technique & to
select the sample total enumerative sampling technique was
used to select the sample.
• Sample: All the first year b.sc nursing students meeting the
inclusion criteria.
• Sample size: Study participants selected for pilot study will be
30 and based on the pilot study results power analysis will be
calculated and that will determine the sample size for main
study.

15. Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria
• Students who give consent
to participate
• Female students
• Age between17 to 25yrs.
• Students who are not
willing to participate
• Male students

16. Research Methodology (contd.)
• Research tool : Research tool that to be used in the study
will be self-structured questionnaire and checklist
• Research technique: Techniques used to collect the data
will be interview technique.

17. Research Methodology (contd.)
Description of tool: The tool consists of three parts:
• Section A: It contains the variables used to collect the socio
demographic profile of all subjects such as age, religion, place of
residence, type of family, marital status, number of family members,
home composition, father’s education, mother’s education etc.
• Section B: It includes questions to assess knowledge towards breast
self-examination among nursing students.
• Section C: It includes checklist that contains parameters to check the
practical competency of students towards BSE

18. Research Methodology (contd.)
• Validity: Content validity of the tool will be developed through
an extensive review of relevant literature related to study.
• Reliability: Methods to check the reliability of the instrument
i.e, by internal consistency. And the co-relation will be
measured by using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient by split half
method then to calculate the correlation between the two sets.

19. Research Methodology (contd.)
Intervention:
• Subjects will be informed about objectives, protocol of the study and
their protection of rights. After taking the consent, they will been
enrolled in the study.
• Pre- test will be applied on both the groups.
• Then, both the interventions i.e, CAI and traditional method for giving
knowledge regarding breast self-examination will be given to the
students. In Computer Assisted Instruction, power point presentation
will be given & second group , lecture method is used .
• Post-test will be taken one week after giving intervention to both the
experimental groups.
• And then pre and post test results will be compared to assess the effect
of both the interventions.

20. Research Methodology (contd.)
Intervention:
• First phase: Subjects will be informed about objectives, protocol of the
study and their protection of rights. After taking the consent, they will
been enrolled in the study. Demographic data collected and pre- test
will be applied on both the groups.
• Second Phase: Interventions, CAI and traditional method for giving
knowledge will be implemented. In CAI, power point presentation & in
traditional, lecture method is used .
• Third Phase: Post-test will be taken one week after giving intervention
to both the experimental groups.

21. Research Intervention
Experimental
Group 1
Subjects enrolled after being informed about objectives,
protocol of the study and their protection of rights
Experimental
Group 2
Pre test Pre test
Computer Assisted
Instruction
Traditional
Method
Post test Post test

22. Research Methodology (contd.)
Pilot study: Pilot study will be conducted in selected Nursing College of
Jammu with the objective given below:
• availability of subjects.
• tool is feasible and practical to apply and to use research tools.
• identify procedural deficiencies.
• appropriateness & adequacy of the language used to make tool.
• time required to collect data.
• modify the tool to conduct main study.
Data Collection Procedure: Data will be collected in one month period i.e,
June 2023.

23. Research Methodology (contd.)
Plan for data analysis:
• Section I: Frequency and percentage distribution of students according
to their demographic variables.
• Section II: Effectiveness is determined by using inferential statistics.
• Section III: Significance difference between both groups using
inferential statistics.
• Section IV: Results were interpreted with the help of tables and bar
diagrams.

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