An informed community stake holder makes good decisions based on the books of knowledge on global earthquake realities. The Process of Becoming an Informed Community Stakeholder is Like Learning How to Fly a Plane Using A Flight Simulator so: SIMULATE GLOBAL EARTHQUAKE SITUATIONS UNTIL THEY BECOME YOUR REALITY. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction

1. THE TECTONIC PLATES
Figure 2.29

2. EARTHQUAKE DISASTER
RESILIENCE
PART 2: Informing Community
Stakeholders About Global Earthquake
Disaster Situations

3. The Process of Becoming an
Informed Community Stakeholder
is Like Learning How to Fly a
Plane Using A Flight Simulator
so: SIMULATE GLOBAL
EARTHQUAKE SITUATIONS
UNTIL THEY BECOME YOUR REALITY

4. YOURYOUR
COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
DATA BASESDATA BASES
AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•HAZARD MAPS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
RISK ASSESSMENTRISK ASSESSMENT
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
TOWARDS EARTHQUAKETOWARDS EARTHQUAKE
DISASTER RESILIENCEDISASTER RESILIENCE
• PPREPAREDNESS
• PROTECTION
•EARLY WARNING
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE
•RECOVERY and
RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS

5. RESILIENCY POLICIES
• PREPAREDNESS
(BE READY FOR
ANYTHING)
• PROTECTION
(BUILD TO
WITHSTAND)
• SCENARIOS
(KNOW WHAT TO
EXPECT)

6. RESILIENCY POLICIES
• EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
(SAVE LIVES &
PROTECT
PROPERTY)
• RECOVERY AND
RECONSTRUCTION
(RESTORE & NORM-
ALIZE SERVICES)

7. AN INFORMED COMMUNITY
STAKE HOLDER
MAKES GOOD
DECISIONS BASED
ON THE BOOKS OF
KNOWLEDGE ON
GLOBAL EARTH-
QUAKE REALITIES

8. BOOKS OF
KNOWLEDGE
TOOLS FOR ENACTING AND
IMPLEMENTING POLICIES ON
PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION,
SCENARIOS, EMERGENCY RESPONSE,
and RECOVERY & RECONSTRUCTION

10. BOOK
OF
BOOK
OF
KNOWLEDGE
KNOWLEDGE
- Perspectives
- Perspectives
On Science, Policy,
On Science, Policy,
And EM
HI-ED
And EM
HI-ED

11. • OCCURRENCE
(PLATE TECTONICS, LOCATION, FAULTING,
SEISMICITY, …)

12. Earthquakes occur as the result of
global interactions between and
within tectonic plates in the
lithosphere that are slowly moving
past each other as the result of
stresses created by heat flow from
deep inside the Earth.

13. THE TECTONIC PLATES
Figure 2.29

15. Schematic Diagram of theSchematic Diagram of the
Faulting MechanismFaulting Mechanism
NORTHNORTHWESTWEST

16. Schematic Diagram of theSchematic Diagram of the
Faulting MechanismFaulting Mechanism
NORTHNORTHWESTWEST

17. SITUATION: SURFACE FAULT
RUPTURE

18. OCCURRENCE
The Seismicity Record
Contains Information on
WHERE, HOW BIG, HOW
DEEP, and HOW OFTEN

19. SEISMICITY: EUROPE

20. SEISMICITY: USA

21. SEISMICITY: MID-AMERICA
AND CARIBBEAN BASIN

22. •PHYSICAL EFFFECTS
(TSUNAMIS, GROUND SHAKING, GROUND
FAILURE, …)

23. REGIONAL
DEFORMATION
EARTHQUAKE
TSUNAMI
VIBRATION
FAULT RUPTURE
FOUNDATION
FAILURE
AMPLIFICATION
LIQUEFACTION
LANDSLIDE
AFTERSHOCKS
SEICHE
DAMAGE/LOSSDAMAGE/LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/ LOSSDAMAGE/ LOSS
DAMAGE/LOSSDAMAGE/LOSS

24. SITUATION: A TSUNAMI
• TSUNAMIS OCCUR MOST
FREQUENTLY IN THE
CIRCUM-PACIFIC REGION
• OTHER LOCATIONS
INCLUDE: INDIAN OCEAN,
HAWAII, CARIBBEAN,
PUERTO RICO, VIRGIN
ISLANDS, GUAM,
WESTERN USA, AND
MEDITERRANEAN

25. SIZE (VERTICAL/HORIZONTAL
WAVE RUNUP) OF A TSUNAMI
• TSUNAMIS TRAVEL AT
800 KM/ HOUR,
SLOWING TO 50-500
KM/HR AS SHORE IS
REACHED
• WAVE HEIGHTS CAN
REACH 30 M OR MORE
• WAVES CAN TRAVEL
2 KM OR MORE
INLAND

26. SITUATION:
STRONG GROUND SHAKING
Ground Shaking records Indicate
The Strength, Duration, And
Dominant Frequencies of Ground
Shaking

27. PROBABILISTIC GROUND SHAKING
MAP
• SPATIAL
VARIATION OF THE
SEVERITY OF
GROUND SHAKING
EXPECTED DURING
A SPECIFIC
EXPOSURE TIME

28. SITUATION: GROUND FAILURE:
LIQUEFACTION

29. SITUATION: GROUND FAILURE:
LANDSLIDE

30. • SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS
(DAMAGE, LOSS OF FUNCTION, COLLAPSE,
LOSS OF LIFE, LOSS OF HABITAT, LOSS OF
JOBS, LOSS OF CONFIDENCE, LOSS OF
ECONOMIC LOSSES, …)

31. SITUATION: URBAN DAMAGE
The Kocaeli
(Turkey) Earthquake
of 17 August 1999

32. SITUATION: INTERIOR LOSS
OF FUNCTION

33. SITUATION: FAILURE OF URM
BUILDING

34. SITUATION: COLLAPSE OF
HIGH-RISE APARTMENT UNIT

35. SITUATION: DAMAGE TO
HOUSING UNITS

36. SITUATION: 56 MILLION
DAMAGED BUILDINGS

37. SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION
OF HOSPITAL

38. SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF
SCHOOL

39. SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION
HANSHIN EXPRESSWAY

40. SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION:
ELEVATED EXPRESSWAY

41. SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION
OF AIRPORT

42. SITUATION: DISRUPTION OF
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES

43. SITUATION: DAM FAILURE

44. SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION TO
UTILITY CORRIDOR

45. SITUATION: RADIOACTIVITY
LEAK

46. SITUATION: DEATH TOLL
REACHED 220,OOO+

47. SITUATIONl: 88,000 DEAD

48. SITUATION: LOSS OF FUNCTION
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

49. SITUATION: LOSS OF
FUNCTION IN PORT AREA

50. SITUATION: RELEASE OF
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

51. SITUATION: OIL REFINERY FIRE

52. SITUATION: LOSS OF POWER AND
LOSS OF FIREFIGHTING CAPABILITY

53. SITUATION: LOSS OF FIRE
FIGHTING CAPABILITY

54. SITUATION: EMERGENCY
MEDICAL SERVICES

55. SITUATION: NEED FOR TEMPORARY
SHELTER

56. SITUATION: LOSS OF BUSINESS

57. SITUATION: LOSS OF 40 PERCENT OF
GDP

58. HIGH VELOCITY OF INCOMING
WAVES
TSUNAMISTSUNAMIS
DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP AND
RUNOFF
VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE RUNUP
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF
BUILDINGS
FLOODING
INADEQUATE WARNING
SYSTEMS
PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF TSUNAMI
CAUSES OF
RISK
CAUSES OF
RISK
CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES

59. SITUATION: $309 BILLION LOSS
FROM TSUNAMI WAVES

60. SITUATION: NEED FOR FOOD
AND WATER

61. SITUATION: LOSS OF REFINERY
SERVICES