Preparedness is a state of readiness on individual, urban, sub-regional, and national scales that is sufficient to keep the expected and unexpected effects of an earthquake from causing a disaster. Emergency Response consists of all the scripted and unscripted heroic and historic responses during the “race against time” after a quake to save lives and protect property. Key elements of preparedness: 1) know your tectonic plates and seismicity; 2) know your fault zones; 3) know your potential disaster agents; 4) know your vulnerabilities. State-of-the-art preparedness planning integrates all four factors. Prepareadness and emergency response increase as the capability to anticipate what will happen increases. Key elements of emergency response. HISTORIC RESPONSES: The professional and non-professional responders will be making history for at least forty-eight hours (a “place holder” for the intense period of search and rescue operations) and thirty days (a “place holder” for the intense time of the “no room for error” decisions) that must be made. Every time an earthquake disaster occurs, we have new knowledge to add to our “books of knowledge” on preparedness and emergency response. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction

1. Part 1 Global Earthquake Preparedness And
Emergency Response in the United States

2. YOUR
COMMUNITY
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•MONITORING
•HAZARD MAPS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
BOOKS OF
KNOWLEDGE
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•EM RESPONSE
•RECOSTRUCTION AND
RECOVERY
EARTHQUAKE DISASTER
RESILIENCE

3. PREPAREDNESS
AND
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
ARE ESSENTIAL PILLARS OF
GLOBAL EARTHQUAKE
DISASTER RESILIENCE

4. NOTE:
EVERY TIME AN EARTHQUAKE
DISASTER OCCURS, WE HAVE NEW
KNOWLEDGE TO ADD TO OUR
“BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE” ON
PREPAREDNESS AND EMERGENCY
RESPONSE

5. WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE
PREPAREDNESS?
Preparedness is
a state of readiness on individual,
urban, sub-regional, and national
scales that is sufficient to keep the
expected and unexpected effects of an
earthquake from causing a disaster

6. WHAT IS EMERGENCY RESPONSE
(Emergency Response is
All of the scripted and unscripted
heroic and historic responses during
the “race against time” after a quake
to save lives and protect property

7. NOTE
AS CAPABILITY FOR
PREPAREDNESS INCREASES,
SO DOES PROTECTION OF
IMPORTANT BUILDINGS AND
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

8. WHAT IS PROTECTION?
(Protection is
a legally mandated state of planning
and verified robustness, strength,
and ductility for important buildings
and essential - critical infrastructure
to prevent loss of function

9. THE GOAL
DEMANDS ON
COMMUNITY
EARTHQUAKE DISASTER
RESILIENCE:
CAPABILITIES OF
COMMUNITY

10. REALITY
UNANTICIPATED
DEMANDS ON
COMMUNITY
LACK OF EARTHQUAKE
PREPAREDNESS
INSUFFICIENT
PREPAREDNESS OF
COMMUNITY

11. REALITY
URGENT DEMANDS
ON COMMUNITY
LACK OF EMERGENCY
RESPONSE CAPABILITY
INSUFFICIENT
CAPABILITY TO
RESPOND TO
DEMANDS ON
COMMUNITY

12. FOCUS ON
PREPAREDNESS

13. KEY ELEMENTS OF
PREPAREDNESS
1) KNOW YOUR TECTONIC PLATES AND
SEISMICITY
2) KNOW YOUR FAULT ZONES
3) KNOW YOUR POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS
4) KNOW YOUR VULNERABILITIES

14. STATE-OF-THE-ART
PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
INTEGRATES ALL FOUR
FACTORS

15. FACTOR 1:
KNOW YOUR TECTONIC
PLATES AND SEISMIC
ACTIVITY (i.e., SEISMICITY)

16. PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
• PRONE TO
EARTHQUAKES
AND TSUNAMIS

17. EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITY

18. STATES WITH THE MOST
EATHQUAKE ACTIVITY

19. FACTOR 2:
KNOW YOUR FAULT
ZONES

20. FAULTS

21. THE USA’S MOST NOTABLE PLATE
BOUNDARY FAULT ZONE
• SAN ANDREAS
FAULT
• 600 MILES LONG
• SOURCE OF M8
EARTHQUAKES
IN 1847 AND 1906

22. THE USA’S OTHER NOTABLE PLATE
BOUNDARY FAULT ZONE
• THE JUAN DE
FUCA PLATE
• SUBDUCTING
BENEATH
WASHINGTON AND
OREGON;
• POTENTIAL FOR
M9.0 QUAKE

23. ONE O F THE USA’S TWO NOTABLE
INTRA-PLATE FAULT ZONES
• WASATCH
FAULT (UTAH)
• 250 MILES LONG
• POTENTIAL
SOURCE OF
M7.0-7.5
EARTHQUAKES

24. ONE O F THE USA’S TWO NOTABLE
INTRA-PLATE FAULT ZONES
• NEW MADRID
SEISMIC ZONE
• SOURCE OF
FOUR M8
EARTHQUAKES
IN 1811--1812

25. FACTOR 3:
KNOW YOUR POTENTIAL
DISASTER AGENTS

26. NOTE
PREPAREADNESS AND
EM. RESPONSE INCREASE AS
THE CAPABILITY TO
ANTICIPATE
WHAT WILL HAPPEN
INCREASES

27. TO ANTICIPATE THE POTENTIAL DIS-
ASTER AGENTS REQUIRES KNOWLEDGE
• STRONG GROUND SHAKING
• TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP
• LIQUEFACTION
• LANDSLIDES
• AFTERSHOCKS

28. STRONG GROUND SHAKING

29. FACTOR 4:
KNOW YOUR
VULNERABILITIES

30. GROUND SHAKING CAUSES
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LOSSES

31. EXAMPLES OF THE
INTEGRATION
PROCESS

32. SAN FRANCISCO: PREPAREDNESS
PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?

33. PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
(Continued)?
• WHAT KINDS OF
BUILDINGS ARE AT RISK?
• WHAT KINDS OF BASIC,
ESSENTIAL, AND
CRITICAL INFRA-
STRUCTURE ARE AT
RISK?
• WHAT ARE THEIR
PHYSICAL VUL-
NERABILITIES

34. PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
(Continued)?
• WHAT ARE THE SOCIAL
VULNERABILITIES
• WHAT IS THE LIKELY
DAMAGE DISTRIBUTION?
• WHAT ARE THE LIKELY
CASUALTIES, SOCIO-
ECONOMIC, AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS?

35. ANCHORAGE, AK: PREPAREDNESS
PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?

36. SEATTLE, WA: PREPAREDNESS
PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?

37. LOS ANGELES: PREPAREDNESS
PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?

38. SAN JUAN, PR: PREPAREDNESS
PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?

39. ALASKA, WASHINGTON,
OREGON, CALIF., PUERTO RICO
HOW BIG WILL
THE TSUNAMI
WAVE RUN UP
BE?

40. SALT LAKE CITY:
PREPAREDNESS PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?

41. MEMPHIS,TN: PREPAREDNESS
PLANNING
• HOW LIKELY IS A
DAMAGING
EARTHQUAKE TO
OCCUR?
• WHERE AND WHEN WILL
IT OCCUR?
• HOW BIG WILL IT BE?
• HOW STRONG WILL ITS
POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS BE?

42. FOCUS ON
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE

43. NOTE:
EM. RESPONSE IS HIGHLY
POLITICAL, SO
COMMUNITY LEADERS MUST BE
PREPARED FOR ONGOING MULTI-
MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS WITH
NUMEROUS PUBLICS

44. TYPICAL SITUATIONS IN
EMERGENCY. RESPONSE
• DAMAGE; DEBRIS
• COLLAPSE
• TRAPPED
SURVIVORS
• SEARCH AND
RESCUE CLOCK
• FIRE
• INUNDATION
• EVACUATION
CENTERS
• EM. MEDICAL
• MASS CARE
• HAZ MAT
RELEASE
• INJURIES
• DEATHS

45. KEY ELEMENTS OF
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
• HISTORIC RESPONSES: The
professional and non-professional
responders will be making history for at
least forty-eight hours (a “place holder”
for the intense period of search and
rescue operations) and thirty days (a
“place holder” for the intense time of
the “no room for error” decisions) that
must be made.

46. KEY ELEMENTS OF
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
• HEROIC RESPONSES: The
professional and non-professional
responders will be working at the
margins of their capability for at least
twenty-four hours and twenty-one days.

47. EXAMPLES OF HISTORIC
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
SITUATIONS
Part 2: The Wise Learn From All
Their Earthquake Disasters

48. EXAMPLE: DAMAGE TO SCHOOL
• ALASKA (1964):
Timely search and
rescue during a
forty-eight hour
“race against time”
to save lives and
protect property

49. EXAMPLE: DAMAGE FROM TSUNAMI
WAVE RUN UP
• ALASKA (1964):
• Timely responses
during a thirty day
“race against time”
to save lives and
protect property

50. EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION OF
ELEVATED HIGHWAY; DEATHS
• LOMA PRIETO, CA
(1989):
• Timely responses
during a forty-eight
hour and thirty day
“race against time”
to save lives and
protect property

51. EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION AND
COMMUTING CAPABILITY
• LOMA PRIETA, CA
EARTHQUAKE (1989):
• Timely responses
during a thirty day
“race against time” to
save lives and protect
property

52. EXAMPLE: LOSS OF FUNCTION
• NORTHRIDGE, CA
(1994):
• Timely responses
during a thirty day
“race against time” to
save lives and protect
property

53. EXAMPLE: HAZ-MAT RELEASE AND
FIRE
• ALASKA (1964):
Timely responses
during a thirty day
“race against time” to
save lives and protect
property

54. EXAMPLES OF HISTORIC
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
SITUATIONS
Part 2: The Wise ALSO Learn
From All Global Earthquake
Disasters

55. EXAMPLE: 240,000 DEAD
• TANGSHAN, CHINA
(1976) EARTHQUAKE:
The impossible situation;
too late for a race
against time” to save
lives and protect
property.

56. EXAMPLE: 230,000 DEAD IN TSUNAMI
• INDONESIA (2004):
The impossible
situation; too late
for a race against
time” to save lives
and protect
property.

57. EXAMPLE: 88,000 DEAD; 50 MILLION
BUILDINGS DAMAGED
• CHINA (2008):
• The impossible
situation; too late for a
race against time” to
save lives and
protect property.

58. EXAMPLE: 30,000 DEAD
• JAPAN (2011):
• The impossible
situation; too late
for a race against
time” to save
lives and protect
property.

59. CONCLUSION
EVERY TIME AN EARTHQUAKE
DISASTER OCCURS, WE HAVE NEW
KNOWLEDGE TO ADD TO OUR
“BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE”
FOR THE NEXT STEPS:
POST-DISASTER RECOVERY

60. THE NEXT STEPS:
RECONSTRUCTION AND
RECOVERY