2. • The biodiversity found in genes,
species, ecosystems, and ecosystem
processes is vital to sustaining life on
earth.

3. • Species diversity is very important to
Earth’s survival.
• So what determines if an
organisms is the same or different
species?

8. • Species - a group of organisms capable of
interbreeding and producing fertile
offspring
• Chimps vs. Humans
• 98.7% same DNA
• Wolf vs. Coyote
• 93%

10. • Species diversity
•Species - A set of individuals that can
mate and produce fertile offspring
•How many species?
•likely 10-14 million
•2 million species identified

11. • Insects make up most of the world’s
species.
• Insects make up 80% of species
• Around for ~400 million years

12. • Useful to humans and ecosystems
• Vital roles in sustaining life
•Pollinators
•Natural pest control
•Renewing soils

13. • Species diversity
• Genetic diversity - Variation with in
individuals of a species
• Ecosystem diversity – lots of different
biomes

14. Functional Diversity
The biological and chemical processes such as energy
flow and matter recycling needed for the survival of species,
communities, and ecosystems.
Genetic Diversity
The variety of genetic material
within a species or a population.
Species Diversity
The number and abundance of species
present in different communities
Ecological Diversity
The variety of terrestrial and
aquatic ecosystems found in
an area or on the earth.
Fig. 4-2, p. 61

15. • Human activities decrease the earth’s
biodiversity by causing the premature
extinction of species and by
destroying or degrading habitats
needed for the development of new
species.

16. • Biological extinction - species is gone
from the Earth.

17. • Local extinction - All members of a
species is gone in a specific area gone
• Endemic species – species found only
in one area are especially vulnerable to
extinction

18. • Natural extinction rate is usually 1-5 species
a year.
• Speciation generally more rapid than
extinction
• Mass extinction – 10-95% of species go
extinct 3-5 times in earth’s history

19. • Humans cause premature extinction
of species.
• Why?
• 1. Food
• 2. Competition
• 3. Fear
• 4. Habitat Destruction

20. •Listen Listen Listen
Listen!!!!!
• Species diversity/biodiversity
increases the sustainability of an
ecosystems.