This document discusses linking together data, services, and things to support a collaborative data management facility for a wind characterization scientific study. It proposes using semantic technologies like REST, Linked Open Data, Linked Services, and concepts from the Internet of Things. The approach aims to seamlessly link the study's instruments, services, activities, and data to gain insights and make everything accessible and discoverable for researchers. It leverages existing open-source and commercial tools and illustrates how a linked knowledge environment can support search and discovery across components for both facility operations and scientists using the study results.

1. A Linked Fusion of Things,
Services, and Data to Support a
Collaborative Data Management
Facility
EG STEPHAN, TO ELSETHAGEN, AS WYNNE, C SIVARAMAN, MC MACDUFF, LK
BERG, WJ SHAW
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Richland, WA
October 21, 2013
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2. Presentation Overview
! Purpose
! Brief History of Linked Approaches
! Wind Characterization Scientific
Study Use Case
! The Benefits of “Thinking Linked”
October 21, 2013
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3. Purpose
! Illustrate a pragmatic approach to use of semantic technologies and
approaches to seamlessly link together a scientific research study
using concepts from:
!
!
!
!
REST
Linked Open Data
Linked Services
Internet of Things
! Gain additional insights to advances and leading edge approaches in
the Internet of Things community
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4. A Few Quick Definitions
! Things – any device (electronic or non-electronic) pertinent to the
study.
! Services – automated machine processes and tracked human
activities that may impact things or data.
! Data – physical streams, file containers, and directory trees
representing data resulting from the study.
! Knowledge – any metadata, thesauri terms or RDF vocabulary used
to describe syntactic data structures or semantically represent things,
services or data.
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5. State of Linked Technology A Decade Ago:
An Application Developers Perspective
! The world of linked communities emerge from different
focus areas.
! IoT community focused on innovating approaches to connect
things to the internet.
! Web community inter-connected information and media.
! Semantic web community focused solely on portraying
knowledge as a web of interrelated terms and concepts.
! Service-oriented approaches solved business problems
! Developers tended to favor a particular approach
! In legacy operational scenarios how do you overcome
information silos?
! Production mindset versus prototype functional dependability
! How do you protect your long term investments at the same
time?
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6. Representational State Transfer (ReST)
! It’s a design principle
! Anything of perceived importance is a “resource”:
! E.g. data, knowledge, services
! Any resource is addressable by Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
! Any resource can linked to other resources.
! Using this development model: the approach of linking resources
emerged
! API relies on simple protocol stack based on HTTP.
Richardson,
Leonard,
and
Sam
Ruby.
RESTful
web
services.
O'Reilly,
2008.
J.
Clerk
Maxwell,
A
TreaFse
on
Electricity
and
MagneFsm,
3rd
ed.,
vol.
2.
Oxford:
Clarendon,
1892,
pp.68–73.
October 21, 2013
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7. Linked Open Data
! Is also a design principle with many
overlapping characteristics that REST
supports.
! Its main focus to make data:
!
!
!
!
Addressable
Accessible
Easily integrated with other data
Easy integrated with knowledge
! W3C introduced 5 star rating system for
users to describe the level of detail data
exhibited.
Heath,
Tom,
and
ChrisFan
Bizer.
"Linked
data:
Evolving
the
web
into
a
global
data
space."
Synthesis
lectures
on
the
semanFc
web:
theory
and
technology
1.1
(2011):
1-­‐136.
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8. Emerging Community Vocabularies
! The good news of the semantic web is knowledge can be literally
described in any way
! – without some constraints from a scientific study perspective this can
also be the bad news.
! Fortunately there are well established and emerging RDF vocabulary
communities willing to share
! By using community vocabularies we allow:
! The study semantics to emerge and change over time
! Manually align these semantics to community vocabularies so that
evolving scientific knowledge can be navigated and cross referenced.
! From a domain perspective this can provide a place for scientists to
contribute and share own domain community thesauri and vocabularies
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9. Example Vocabularies
Purpose
Type
Source
Data
CitaFons
Vocabulary
Dublin
Core
People
InteracFons
Vocabulary
Friend
of
a
Friend
(FOAF)
OrganizaFon
Vocabulary
W3C
ORG
Services,
Things
Vocabulary
Minimum
Service
Model
Services,
Things
Vocabulary
Universal
Services
DescripFon
Language
Vocabulary
Management
Vocabulary
VOAF
Vocabulary
Stability
Vocabulary
VS
Climate
and
ForecasFng
Domain
CF
Provenance
Vocabulary
PROV
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10. Linked Services
! Developed as the next wave of service technology based on three
ideas:
! Base it on on similar linked open data principles
! Make service annotations available in the web of data
! Create services to support the web of data
! Linked Services made services:
! Addressable
! Accessible
! Self-describing with knowledge using a
common RDF vocabulary that:
! generalized the concept of service
! acknowledged varying technical implementations.
B
Pedrinaci,
Carlos,
and
John
Domingue.
"Toward
the
Next
Wave
of
Services:
Linked
Services
for
the
Web
of
Data."
J.
ucs
16.13
(2010):
1694-­‐1719.
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11. Internet of Things
! Interest in semantically linking electronic and non-electronic devices
to the Web of Data.
! Recently, the Linked Services community made the connection to the
IoT community referencing things like services using the same RDF
vocabulary.
Mandler,
Benny,
Fabio
Antonelli,
Robert
Kleinfeld,
Carlos
Pedrinaci,
David
Carrera,
Alessio
Guglioca,
Daniel
Schreckling
et
al.
"COMPOSE-­‐-­‐A
Journey
from
the
Internet
of
Things
to
the
Internet
of
Services."
In
Advanced
InformaFon
Networking
and
ApplicaFons
Workshops
(WAINA),
2013
27th
InternaFonal
Conference
on,
pp.
1217-­‐
1222.
IEEE,
2013.
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12. Reference Facility for Offshore Renewable
Energy Use Case
! Make the planned instrument measurements taken
at a reference facility accessible to a range of users,
which includes atmospheric researchers and energy
planners who perform wind energy studies.
NREL Artist’s Conception
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13. Use Case Goals
! Rely on off the shelf proven and reliable operational technology
! Support management and production of high integrity research study:
!
!
!
!
Instrument mentors
Operations
Maintenance
DMF administrators
! Provide consumer researchers with accessible, searchable, and
discoverable credible results
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14. Managing Results from the Scientific Study
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15. Leveraging Operational Off the Shelf Tools
Capability
Government
Open
Source
Commercial
CollecFon
and
Transfer

Ingest

REST
Processing

REST
Data
Management

Interfaces

Knowledge
Management




File
APIs,
REST

AcFvity
Tracking*
Access
File
APIs
(FTP)
REST,
SQL,
Web

REST
SemanFc
Web
*AcFvity
tracking
includes
automated
processes
and
human
acFviFes
supporFng:
change
management,
relevant
events,
quality
assurance,
problem
reporFng
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16. Atmosphere Radiation Measurement
ARM
is
a
global
observaFon
network—and
associated
data
infrastructure—
providing
diverse
measurements
to
the
climate
research
community.



Deploy
measurement
instrumentaFon
Provide
infrastructure
to
collect,
process,
preserve,
and
discover data
Operate
with
excellence
October 21, 2013
Provide
high-­‐quality
data
to
support
global
climate
research
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17. Challenges
! Operational quality of existing components needed to be preserved
while at the same time meeting the needs of the RFORE DMF.
! In some cases current state of the art had to be scaled down with new
components to form a new solution.
! E.g. Activity Tracking
! Solution needed to make sure knowledge about instruments, services,
and measurement data were accessible to both operations and
scientists relying on the study.
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18. Thinking Linked:
Linked Knowledge Environment (LiKE)
! Common Address Layer
! Based on linked design principles
! Every resource will have a unique and meaningful name (URI)
! Address mappers will be required to resolve local identifiers to URI.
! Cataloging
! Although every resource will be uniquely identifiable in a meaningful way,
additional referential technical information is required to help describe
each in greater detail.
! Catalogs are regarded as the linchpin of the linked fusion concept since
they possess the logic for users and machines to search, discover, and
reason semantic and syntactic information relating to things, services, and
data.
! Knowledge Synchronized to Support:
!
!
!
!
Facility, instruments, and measurements
Activities and services
Data
Vocabulary management
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19. Where Things, Services, Data, Knowledge
Live
Things
Data,
Services,
Things
Services
Services
Data
Knowledge
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20. Search and Discovery Services
! Relies on a seamlessly linked knowledge model for registered
services, things, and data
! Supporting cross component searches
! Support for operational staff conducting the study and researchers
relying on data
! Reliance on community vocabularies
What
Comes
First,
the
OWL
or
the
Bean?
.
Eric
G
Stephan,
Todd
O
Elsethagen,
KersFn
Kleese
van
Dam,
Laura
Riihimaki.
figshare.
hcp://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.790738
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21. Future Things of Interest
! IoT Vocabularies
! Quality assurance and provenance of things
! Soft error detection in IoT
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22. Questions?
! Email: eric.stephan@pnnl.gov
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