This presentation provides a background to Fair Trade and its use for artisanal minerals and considers some of the opportunities and challenges for achieving the goals of Fair Trade in this sector. Questions are raised as to how we might optimally use Fair Trade as a tool for helping artisanal miners and their communities. This plenary presentation was given at the 7th Annual CASM Conference in UlanBaatar, Mongolia, on September 9th, 2007

1. Fair Trade Minerals Opportunities, Challenges and Finding a Way Forward for Sustainable ASM Estelle Levin Minerals and Sustainability Consultant 9 th September 2007 CASM’s 7 th ACC, Ulaan Baatar, Mongolia

12. Actors in the world of ‘ethical’ jewellery: Initiatives for Assurance, Standard- setting and Process Development Others: Rapaport, Madison Dialogue, Earthworks Yes Yes Ongoing debate Yes (as partners) No No Large-scale LSM LSM & retail ASM, (LSM?) & Retail ASM & Retail ASM ASM Principal Interests Yes  DDI (Diamond Development Initiative) Yes, in partnership with ARM  FLO (Fairtrade Labelling Organisation) No   CRJP (Council for Responsible Jewellery Practice)   (  ) Diamonds No Yes Yes ASM  IRMA (Initiative for Responsible Mining Assurance)   CASM (Communities and Small-scale Mining)  ARM (Association for Responsible Mining) Coloured Gems Gold & precious metals INITIATIVES

13. Actors in the world of ‘ethical’ jewellery: Producers CRED ARM Columbia Gem House Columbia Gem House Nepal Lao PDR China Afghanistan Asia ARM ARM ARM Thomas Siepelmeyer CRED Urth Solution Columbia Gem House Uganda Tanzania Mozambique Lesotho Ethiopia Madagascar Malawi Africa ARM ARM ARM ARM ARM ARM Peru Colombia Bolivia Argentina Guatemala Ecuador Latin America NGO/ Initiative / Company involved Countries Region

14. Actors in the world of ‘ethical’ jewellery: Suppliers of raw or manufactured ethical, artisanal minerals Also: Ethical Metalsmiths, S & P Trading, various refiners, etc. ‘ Fair Trade’ (University of Aachen)    Thomas Siepelmeyer  (industrially-mined)     Diamonds ‘ Mwadui diamonds’ De Beers (Mwadui Community Diamond Project) ‘ Ethical’  Urth Solution ‘ Fair trade’  Target Resources, plc. (PRIDE Diamonds) ‘ Fair Trade’ ‘ Peace diamonds’ ‘ Fair Made’  Rapaport Group ‘ Greenkarat’  ( recycled) Greenkarat The Eighty-Eight ® Finesse Diamonds ‘ Fairtrade’ (ARM)  CRED Jewellery ‘ Fair Trade’  Columbia Gem House BRAND / MARK Coloured Gems Gold & precious metals Brokers / suppliers

15. Actors in the world of ‘ethical’ jewellery: Jewellers Others : Simmons Jewelry Company, Ocean 1700, Reflective Images (all USA); Flamingo (Netherlands)        Diamonds Peace Diamonds, Madagascar gold, etc. Own supply (Panama, Bolivia, Rwanda, Kalahari) Thomas Siepelmeyer, EcoAndina Own supply Fair trade (ARM, COV), EcoAndina, Thomas Siepelmeyer Fair trade (ARM, COV, and own sources in Colombia, Peru, Ethiopia, Tanzania, India, Nepal) “ Fair trade diamonds” from Target Resources (Sierra Leone) “ conflict-free diamonds” (Canada) “ True Blue sapphires ®” from own mine (Australia) Sources  Brilliant Earth   Pippa Small  CRED Jewellery  Rapaport Group   Ingle & Rhodes Finesse Diamonds   Fifi Bijoux Coloured Gems Gold & precious metals Jewellers

17. Challenges