The document discusses waves, including the meaning of wave motion, different types of waves such as transverse and longitudinal waves, and properties of waves like amplitude, period, frequency, wavelength, and wave speed. It provides examples of water, sound, and light waves and compares their characteristics. Key terms are defined, such as wavefronts and how they relate to the direction of wave propagation. The document also covers topics like loudness and amplitude, pitch and frequency, damping, and resonance.

1. 6.1 UNDERSTANDING
WAVES
NURUL FADHILAH ALIAS

2. MUST SEE
OPTIONAL
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iuv6hY6zsd0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OG2eGVt6v2o
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eygvPulz4gw&featur
e=c4-overview&list=UUxmSc1lod8aeZLRhDw_7xQA

3. CONTENT
• Meaning of wave motion
• Transverse and Longitudinal waves
• Description of water, sound and light
waves
• Wavefront (what it is)
• How wavefronts relate to the direction
of wave propagation
•
•
•
•
Amplitude
Period
Frequency
Wavelength
Wave speed
Loudness and amplitude
Pitch and frequency
Damping
Resonance

4. WAVE MOTION
A TYPE OF DISTURBANCE
• produced by an oscillating or vibrating motion in
which
• A point or body moves back and forth
• along a line about a fixed central point produces
waves.

5. Waves transfer energy without transferring matter
2 types of waves:
• Transverse waves
• Longitudinal waves

6. TRANSVERSE WAVE
• WAVE in which the vibration of particles in the medium is
perpendicular to the
• direction of propagation of the wave
• (water waves, light waves, electromagnetic waves)

8. Longitudinal waves
• WAVE in which the vibration of particles in the medium is parallel
to the direction of
• propagation of the wave
• (sound waves, ultrasound)

9. • Higher speed
• Longitudinal
• Transmitting
medium is all
substances
• The denser the
medium the
greater the speed
• A LOW
FREQUENCY
CAUSESA LOW
NOTE; A
HIGHFREQUENCY,
A HIGH NOTE
LIGHT WAVES
• Low speed
• Transverse
• Transmitting
medium is all
substances
SOUND WAVES
WATER WAVES
COMPARING WATER, SOUND & LIGHT WAVES
• Highest speed
• transverse
• Transmitting
medium is all
substances
EXCEPT opaque
object
• The denser the
medium the
slower the speed
• A LOW
FREQUENCY
CAUSES RED
LIGHT; A
HIGHFREQUENCY,
VIOLET LIGHT

10. INTRODUCING…
WATER RIPPLE TANK!

11. Name the sections of the water ripple tank 
lampu
Tangki
riak
Gelombang
air
wavefront
penggelek
Skrin
putih
Image of
wavefront

12. Diagram shows how the wave fronts are obtained.
Light shining on a ripple tank will cast dark and bright
spots on paper/ screen
To diagram

13. How wavefronts relate to the direction of wave propagation
Muka
gelombang
Muka
gelombang
Arah perambantan
Muka
gelombang
Arah perambantan
Arah perambantan
Rajah (i)
Rajah (ii)
Rajah (ii)
Merujukkan Rajah (i),(ii) dan (iii), apakah yang boleh dikatakan tentang arah perambatan
gelombang dan muka gelombang ?
Jwp.: arah perambatan gelombang sentiasa bersudut tepat kepada muka gelombang.

14. KNOWING WAVE...

16. Activity 1 : Topic and Glossary
Topic
Waves
English
Wave
Wave front
Propagation
Transverse
Longitudinal
Reflection
Bahasa Malaysia
Gelombang
Muka gelombang
Perambatan
Gelombang melintang
Gelombang membujur
Pantulan

17. Amplitude
Frequency
Longitudinal wave
Period
Wave length
Crest
Trough
Ripple tank
Transverse wave

18. Activity 2 : Glossary – Sentence
Topic : Waves
No
Glossaries
Meaning
1
Amplitude
The maximum displacement from a particle from rest position
2
Frequency
The number of complete oscillation per second
3
Longitudinal wave
Wave which travels in a direction parallel to the direction of vibration
4
Period
Time taken to complete oscillation
5
Wave length
The distance between two consecutive crest
6
Crest
The maximum point of the wave
7
Trough
The minimum point of the wave
8
Ripple tank
An instrument to show water wave phenomenon
9
Transverse wave
Waves which travel in a direction perpendicular to the direction of vibration

19. LOUDNESS AND AMPLITUDE
AMPLITUDE: The relative strength of a sound wave,
or how much change in pressure occurs.
LOUDNESS: The human perception of amplitude.
Depends on the amplitude (or size) of the
vibration.

20. PITCH AND FREQUENCY
The pitch of the sound depends on the frequency of the vibration

22. DAMPING
DECREASE in the amplitude of an oscillating system is called
damping.
(Internal damping: extension and compression of molecules
External damping: frictional force/ air resistance)
a↓;f=

24. RESONANCE
Def. 1: Resonance occurs when a system is made to
oscillate at a frequency equivalent to its natural
frequency by an external force. The resonating system
oscillates at its maximum amplitude.
Def. 2: resonance is the tendency of a
system to oscillate with
greater amplitude at
some frequenciesthan at others.

25. Cont. … RESONANCE
natural frequency is the rate at which an object
vibrates when it is not disturbed by an outside force
Frequencies at which the response amplitude is a relative maximum
are known as the system's resonant frequencies, or resonance
frequencies.
At these frequencies, even small periodic driving
forces can produce large amplitude oscillations,
because the system stores vibrational energy.
Example