Counseling is discussion with an employee of a problem
that usually has an emotional content. This discussion helps
an employee to find out a better solution. It is an exchange
of feelings and ideas between counselor and counselee.
Counseling seeks to improve employee mental health.
Good mental health means that people feel comfortable
about themselves, right about other people, and able to
meet the demand of life.

Feel comfortable about themselves:
-Are not bowled over y their own emotions such as by their
fear, anger, love, jealousy.
-Have a tolerant easygoing attitude toward themselves as
well as others; can laugh at themselves .
-Neither underestimate nor overestimate their abilities.
-Have self respect.
-Feel able to deal with most situation that come their way.

Feel right about other people:
-Are able to give love and to consider the interests of
others.
-Expect to like and Trust others, And take it for granted
that others will like and trust them.
-Respect the many differences they find in people.
-Do not push people around, and do not allow themselves
to be pushed around.
-Can feel they are part of a group.

Are to meet the demands of life:
-Do something about their problem as they arise.
-Accepts their responsibilities.
-Welcome new experiences and new ideas.
-Set realistic goals for themselves.
-Are able to think for themselves and make their own
decisions.

There are six functions of counseling
 Advice: Counseling is not a advice giving activity. It is
only a function of counseling. It is like a coaching. It
tells a person what you think should be done.
 Reassurance: Counseling can provide employees with
reassurance, which is a way of giving them courage to
face a problem or a felling of confidence that they are
pursuing a suitable course of action.

Communication: counseling can improve both upward
and downward communication. In an upward direction , it is
key way for employees to express their feelings to
management. Counseling also achieves downward
communication because counselors help interpret company
activities to employees as they discuss problem related to
them.
Release of emotional tension: counseling history
consistently shows that as people begin to explain their
problems to a sympathetic listener. It release their frustrations
and other problems and keep them relaxed.

Clarified thinking: Clarified thinking tends to be a
normal result of emotional release. It encouraging more
coherent, rational and mature thought.
Reorientation: Reorientation is more than mere emotional
release or clear thinking about a problem. It encourage an
internal change in goals, values and mental models.

Types of Counseling:
Nondirective
counseling
Participative
counseling
Directive
counseling
No
direction
Full
direction

Directive counseling
Directive counseling is the process of listening to an
employee’s problem, deciding with the employee what should
be done and then telling and motivating the employee to do it.
It is mostly accomplish the counseling function of advice .
Nondirective counseling
Nondirective counseling is the process of skillfully listening
to and encouraging a counselee to explain troublesome
problems, understands them, and determine appropriate
solutions. It focuses on the counseling rather than on the
counselor as judge and adviser.

 Participative counseling
Participative counseling is a mutual counselor-counselee
relationship that establish a cooperative exchange of
ideas to help solve a counselee’s problems. It is also
called cooperative counseling.

 Iceberg model of counseling is the viewpoint that recognizes
that more feelings are hidden under the surface of a
counselee’s communication than are revealed.
 Nondirective counselors follow an Iceberg model of
counseling.
 They constantly encourage the counselee to open up and
reveal deeper feelings that may help to solve the employee’s
problem.

 Perceived Control is the amount of control which they have
over their work and working conditions.
 Social Support is the network of helpful activities,
interactions, and relationships that provides an employee with
the satisfaction of important needs. There are basically four
types of social support in a total network:
 Instrumental/ Appraisal (task assistance),
 Informational,
 Evaluative, and
 Emotional.

Counseling is the process that affects on the
job performance of an employee.
It occurs between a counselor and a counselee.
It can have either positive or negative
outcomes for any organization.