6.1 concepts of information systems

1. 2012
6.0 INFORMATION SYSTEMS
6.1 CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

2. 2012
6.1.1 Definition
What is Data?
 Raw material, not organized, has little value
 Each data will contribute useful information
What types of data?
 Text - sentences and paragraphs
 Numerical - 0 to 9
 Image - graphical image
 Audio - sound, tone, voice
 Video - moving image
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

3. 2012
Text Numerical Image
Voice Video
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

4. 2012
6.1.1 Definition
What is Information?
 Organized data
 Has value and meaningful
ORGANIZED
Text + Numerical + Voice + Image + Video
is
INFORMATION
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

5. 2012
6.1.1 Definition
What is Information Systems?
 Combination of information technology and
people's activities that support operations,
management and decision making
 Collect data + Filter + Process + Create +
Distribute data
 Making calculation, comparing, storing data
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

6. 2012
6.1.2 Usage of Information Systems In Various Fields
EDUCATION
 Student Access
gives students access to information
through the Internet
 Student Learning
can improve student learning
 Classroom Teaching
allowing the teachers and students to find
more creative ways to teach and learn
 Administration
manage school information
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

7. 2012
6.1.2 Usage of Information Systems In Various Fields
BUSINESS
 Buying and Selling
Manage buying and selling through internet
 Manage Company
store information, collect data, records
customer transaction
 Manage Supply Chain
integrating the links in a supply chain
 Customer Relationship
manage relationships with potential and
current customers
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

8. 2012
6.1.2 Usage of Information Systems In Various Fields
MANAGEMENT
 Track Record
Use for keep all company record, employee
data, finding information and data for
company
 Manage Company Operation
Inventory check, manage day to day
operation
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

9. 2012
6.1.3 Information System Components
5 COMPONENTS
Data
procedure Hardware
People Software
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

10. 2012
6.1.3 Information System Components
DATA
 Data are facts that are used by programs to
produce useful information.
 Data are generally stored in machine-
readable form on disk or tape until the
computer needs them.
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

11. 2012
6.1.3 Information System Components
HARDWARE
 Refers to machinery.
 Often referred to as the central processing
unit (CPU), and all of its support
equipments.
 Among the support equipments are input
and output devices, storage devices and
communications devices.
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

12. 2012
6.1.3 Information System Components
SOFTWARE
 Computer programs and the manuals (if
any) that support them.
 Computer programs are machine-readable
instructions
 2 type of software is System Software and
Application Software
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

13. 2012
6.1.3 Information System Components
PEOPLE
 Needs people if it is to be useful.
 Often the most over-looked element are
the people, probably the component that
most influence the success or failure of
information systems.
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

14. 2012
6.1.3 Information System Components
PROCEDURE
 Procedures are the policies that govern the
operation of a computer system.
 Procedures can be in the form of guidelines
in the user manuals
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

15. 2012
6.1.3 Information System Components
INTERRELATION BETWEEN ALL COMPONENTS
Data
Procedure Hardware
People Software
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

16. 2012
6.1.3 Information System Components
INTERRELATION BETWEEN ALL COMPONENTS
People use computer (hard and software) to
access information (data), between all of that,
there are procedure people need to follow
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

17. 2012
6.1.4 Types of Information Systems
5 TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
 Management Information System (MIS)
 Transaction Processing System (TPS)
 Decision Support System (DSS)
 Executive Information System (EIS)
 Expert System (ES)/Artificial Intelligence (AI)
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

18. 2012
6.1.4 Types of Information Systems
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
 Mainly concerned with internal sources of
information.
 MIS usually take data from the transaction
processing systems and summarize it into a
series of management reports.
 MIS reports tend to be used by middle
management and operational supervisors.
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

19. 2012
6.1.4 Types of Information Systems
TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM
 Designed to process routine transactions
efficiently and accurately.
 A business will have several TPS
 Example of TPS
 Billing systems to send invoices to
customers
 Systems to calculate the weekly and
monthly payroll and tax payments
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

20. 2012
6.1.4 Types of Information Systems
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
 Help management make decisions in
situations where there is uncertainty about
the possible outcomes of those decisions.
 DSS comprise tools and techniques to help
gather relevant information and analyze the
options and alternatives
 DSS often involves use of complex
spreadsheet and databases to create
"what-if" models.
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

21. 2012
6.1.4 Types of Information Systems
EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM
 Designed to help senior management make
strategic decisions.
 Gathers, analyses and summarizes the key
internal and external information used in
the business.
 Typically involve lots of data analysis and
modeling tools such as "what-if" analysis to
help strategic decision-making.
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

22. 2012
6.1.4 Types of Information Systems
EXPERT SYSTEM / ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
 System that emulates the decision-making
ability of a human expert
 Designed to solve complex problems by
reasoning about knowledge, like an expert,
and not by following the procedure of a
developer as is the case in conventional
programming
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

23. 2012
6.1.5 Hierarchy of Data
TYPE OF DATA
 bit - Smallest unit of data the computer can
store that consist of binary 1 and 0
 byte - Collection of eight bits. A byte
represents a character
 Field - Unit of data consisting of one or
more character
 Record - A collection of related fields
 File - A collection of related records
 Database - structured collection of data
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

24. 2012
6.1.5 Hierarchy of Data
BIT & BYTE
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS

25. 2012
6.1.5 Hierarchy of Data
Database
File
Record
Field
Byte
Bit
INFORMATIAN AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY LITERATURE INFORMATION SYSTEMS