renewable energy

1. Wind Power InWind Power In
PakistanPakistan
A Presentation made by:
Tahir Haideri
Osama Asim
Zeerak Ahmed
Ahmed Ali
Farooq Habib

2. Contents
• Introduction to wind power….
• Why wind power????
• Technology behind wind power….
• Wind Power in Pakistan….
• Advantages and Disadvantages….
• Conclusion….

3. INTRODUCTION TO WIND POWER
A brief explanation of wind power in general

4. • Wind Power is the conversion of wind energy into
any useful form of energy.
• Large-scale wind farms are connected to the electric
power transmission network; smaller facilities are
used to provide electricity to isolated locations.
• Wind energy, as an alternative to fossil fuels, is
plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, and
produces no greenhouse gas emissions during
operation.

5. • The construction of wind farms is not universally
welcomed because of their visual impact.
• Any effects on the environment are generally among
the least problematic of any power source.
• The intermittency of wind seldom creates problems
when using wind power to supply a low proportion
of total demand.
• As the proportion rises, increased costs, a need to
upgrade the grid, and a lowered ability to supplant
conventional production may occur.

6. WHY WIND POWER
A summary of why to use wind power

7. • The wind is free and with modern technology it can
be captured efficiently.
• Many people find wind farms an interesting feature
of the landscape.
• Remote areas that are not connected to the
electricity power grid can use wind turbines to
produce their own supply.

8. • Wind turbines are available in a range of sizes which
means a vast range of people and businesses can use
them.
• Single households to small towns and villages can
make good use of range of wind turbines available
today.

9. TECHNOLOGY BEHIND WIND
POWER
An explanation of the technologies used to obtain wind power

10. • Wind turbines, like aircraft propeller blades, turn in
the moving air and power an electric generator that
supplies an electric current.
• Instead of using electricity to make wind, like a fan,
wind turbines use wind to make electricity.
• The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft, which
connects to a generator and makes electricity.

11. • Modern wind turbines fall into two basic groups:
i. The horizontal-axis variety, like the traditional farm
windmills used for pumping water
ii. The vertical-axis design, like the eggbeater-style
Darrieus model, named after its French inventor.
• Most large modern wind turbines are horizontal-axis
turbines.

12. Turbine Components
blade or rotor, which converts the
energy in the wind to rotational shaft
energy;
a drive train, usually including a
gearbox and a generator;
a tower that supports the rotor and
drive train; and
other equipment, including controls,
electrical cables, ground support
equipment, and interconnection
equipment.

13. WIND POWER IN PAKISTAN
A detailed report of wind power in the region of Pakistan

15. Article 1
Anonymous
BBC News Website Post
Wednesday 9th
January 2002 15:59 GMT
Pakistan looks to Wind Power
Pakistan is developing a wind power energy project, which could help solve some of
the country's electricity supply problems.
Pakistan is to work with the Chinese government to install and maintain 14 small wind power
plants to generate electricity in the southern coastal region of Sindh and Baluchistan.
These two regions currently have no access to electricity and would be best suited to wind
power.
"It is the supply issue that is a problem, particularly in the remote area. To supply electricity from
the grid it is not even sometimes technically feasible, not to talk about economically feasible, to
get back the revenues and for those areas definitely the renewable industry can play a part," Dr.
Ishtiaq Qazi, director general of the Pakistan Council for Renewable Energy Technologies in
Islamabad told the BBC's World Business Report.
The project consists of eight 300 watt turbines and six 500 watt turbines.
"A 300 watt turbine would just barely be sufficient to run about two or three lines of black and
white television and probably a radio, so this would be just for one household," he added.
"Up until now, what we have found that it is only the coastal belt...that is most feasible for such
projects," he said.
"We are also working on other renewable industry projects," he said, citing hydro plants in
mountainous areas and biogas plants.

16. Article 2
Ben Edwards and Harris Anwar
English 1302.42
Bloomberg Website
July 13, 2011 0500 GMT
Pakistan to approve $1 Billion boost for Wind Energy Production
Pakistan is ready to approve a Norwegian company’s request to build a 150-megawatt
wind farm, the first part of a $1 billion plan that could boost by a third the announced capacity
for clean-energy power plants.
Pakistan is seeking to diversify its energy supplies away from oil and gas and boost electricity
production. The nation has a power deficit of 3.6 gigawatts a day, or more than the output of two
nuclear reactors, triggering 12-hour blackouts that cause riots and close factories in cities
nationwide.
The Alternative Energy Development Board is willing to allow a project proposed by NBT AS, a
Lysaker-based clean energy company that plans to build the facility in the Sindh province “wind
corridor” north of Karachi, according to Said Arif Alauddin, chief executive of the government
agency.
“They came to us saying they have got the money and relationship with the Chinese and they
want to invest,” Alauddin said from the port city of Karachi. “As soon as they pay the fee, we will
issue that letter to them. We will be able to give them the land if we can see they can deliver.”
Pakistan has almost 1 gigawatts of projects under construction or with financing agreed and
498.5 megawatts more of wind programs announced, according to Bloomberg New

17. Energy Finance data. Only 6 megawatts of wind energy facilities are operating in the nation. It’s
the ninth-poorest in the Asia- Pacific region with a 2009 gross domestic product per capita of
$2,609, according to Bloomberg data.
Chinese Financing
NBT Chief Executive Officer Joar Viken said he plans to tap financing for his project from one of
three Chinese turbine makers that his company is talking with about supplying machinery for the
facilities.
“We think Pakistan is a very good environment and has a very good framework,” Viken said in a
phone interview from New York. “Because we get everything in U.S. dollars, we don’t have a
huge currency risk.”
Viken said NBT would issue a tender to Goldwind Science & Technology Co., Sinovel Wind Group
Co. and China Energine International Holdings Ltd. (1185) to supply the turbines. Each of the
companies has credit lines with the China Development Bank Corp., a state-owned lender.
“Goldwind now is actively seeking more cooperation opportunities with domestic as well as
foreign wind farm developers to expand Goldwind’s presence in overseas markets,” Thomas Yao,
a spokesman for the company, said in an e-mail. “Norway’s NBT AS is among the international
opportunities we are currently considering.”

18. A spokesman for China Energine, who asked not to be named in line with company policy, said he
doesn’t know about the talks and can’t comment. Officials at Sinovel couldn’t be reached.
Financing ‘Feasible’
The financing arrangements are “feasible” because the Chinese turbine makers would not
develop the projects themselves, said Eduardo Tabbush, an industry analyst at Bloomberg New
Energy Finance in London.
“This is something we’ve seen happening more and more,” Tabbush said.
NBT envisions developing as much as 650 megawatts of wind power in Pakistan over the next
few years. It already has purchased land suitable for 50 megawatts in Sindh province and is
seeking a partnership with Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, a university in
Karachi, for land for the other 100 megawatts, Alauddin said.
Support Mechanism
Alauddin said NBT has proposed to install as much as 250 megawatts of capacity over the next
two years. He said the government board is working “very hard” to provide the Norwegian
company with an “upfront tariff” that would help guarantee a price for power sold from the wind
farms.
The last tariff it approved was worth about 13 U.S. cents a kilowatt-hour, he said.

19. The board could approve an additional 500-megawatt project if NBT is able to line up funding
from a Chinese partner where it has existing wind developments.
NBT already has two wind power projects working in China with AEI China Power Ltd. and China
Datang Corp. Renewable Power Co., Viken said. Another is under construction, and further
developments are planned.
Pakistan is seeking to derive at least 5 percent of its energy from renewable sources by 2030, the
development board said in March. Last year, 53 percent came from natural gas, 30 percent from
oil and the rest from coal, nuclear and hydropower, according to data from BP Plc. The London-
based oil company didn’t measure any sources of renewable energy there.
The country’s electricity shortfall reaches as much as 3,628 megawatts per day, according to
demand-supply data available on the ministry of power and water website.

20. ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
The advantages and disadvantages of wind power

21. Advantages
• The wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured
efficiently.
• Once the wind turbine is built the energy it produces does not
cause green house gases or other pollutants.
• Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small
plot of land. This means that the land below can still be used. This is
especially the case in agricultural areas as farming can still continue.
• Many people find wind farms an interesting feature of the
landscape.
• Remote areas that are not connected to the electricity power grid
can use wind turbines to produce their own supply.
• Wind turbines have a role to play in both the developed and third
world.
• Wind turbines are available in a range of sizes which means a vast
range of people and businesses can use them.
• Single households to small towns and villages can make good use of
range of wind turbines available today.
Disadvantages
• The strength of the wind is not constant and it varies from zero to
storm force. This means that wind turbines do not produce the
same amount of electricity all the time. There will be times when
they produce no electricity at all.
• Many people feel that the countryside should be left untouched,
without these large structures being built. The landscape should left
in its natural form for everyone to enjoy.
• Wind turbines are noisy. Each one can generate the same level of
noise as a family car travelling at 70 mph.
• Many people see large wind turbines as unsightly structures and
not pleasant or interesting to look at. They disfigure the countryside
and are generally ugly.
• When wind turbines are being manufactured some pollution is
produced. Therefore wind power does produce some pollution.
• Large wind farms are needed to provide entire communities with
enough electricity. For example, the largest single turbine available
today can only provide enough electricity for 475 homes, when
running at full capacity. How many would be needed for a town of
100 000 people?

22. CONCLUSION
A brief overview of all the discussed details

23. • All in all wind power like all
other energy sources has it
pros and cons and it will
still remain a debated
topic whether or not to
use it.
• This remains the decision
of the concerned
government of every state.
• After all is said it still has a
bleak future in Pakistan
due to both political and
financial problems.