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Compiled by : FD Architects Forum 
Gr. Floor , Ashoka apartment 
Bhawani Singh Road 
C-scheme , Jaipur -302001 
Rajasthan ( INDIA) 
Ph. 91-0141-2743536 
Email: architect@frontdesk.co.in 
Web : http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ 
THEORY OF DESIGN 
FORM
- Meaning of Form 
- Properties of Form 
- Shape 
- Primary Shapes: Circle, Triangle, and Square 
- Primary Solids 
- Regular and Irregular Forms 
- Transformation of Form 
- Subtractive and Additive Forms 
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FORM
Form 
“Architectural form is the point of contact between mass and space … 
Architectural forms, textures, materials, modulation of light and shade, 
color, all combine to inject a quality or spirit that articulates space. The 
quality of the architecture will be determined by the skill of the designer 
in using and relating these elements, both in the interior spaces and in 
the spaces around buildings”. 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ 
Edmund N. Bacon 
The Design of Cities 
1974
While form often includes a sense of three-dimensional mass 
or volume, shape refers more specifically to the essential 
aspect of form that governs its appearance—the configuration 
or relative disposition of the lines or contours that delimit a 
figure or form. 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ 
Form 
Shape The characteristic outline or surface configuration 
of particular form. Shape is the principal aspect by which 
we identify and categories forms. 
In addition to shape, forms have visual properties of: 
Size The physical dimensions of length, width, and depth 
of form, while these dimensions determine the properties of 
a form, its scale is determined by its size relative to other 
forms in its contexts. 
Color A phenomenon of light and visual perception that 
may be described in terms of an individual’s perception of 
hue, saturation, and tonal value. Color is the attribute that 
most clearly distinguishes a form from its environment. It 
also affects the visual weight of a form. 
Texture The visual and especially tactile quality given to a 
surface by the size, shape, arrangement, and proportions of 
the parts. Texture also determines the degree to which the 
surface of a form reflect or absorb incident light.
PROPERTIES OF FORM 
Forms also have relational properties which govern the 
pattern and composition of elements: 
Position The location of a form relative to its 
environment or the visual filed within which it 
is seen. 
Orientation The direction of a form relative 
to the ground plane, the compass points, 
other forms, or to the person viewing the form. 
Visual Inertia The degree of concentration 
and stability of a form. The visual inertia of a 
form depends on its geometry as well as its 
orientation relative to the ground plane, the 
pull of gravity, and our line of sight. 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
Our perception of shape depends on the degree of visual 
contrast that exists along the contour separating a figure 
from its ground or between a form and its field. 
Bust of Queen Nefertiti 
The pattern of eye movement of a person viewing the 
figure, from research by Alfred L. Yarbus of the Institute 
for Problems of Information Transmission in Moscow. 
In architecture, we are concerned with the shapes of: 
- floor, wall, and ceiling planes that enclose space 
- door and window openings within a spatial enclosure 
- silhouettes and contours of building forms 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ 
SHAPE
PRIMARY SHAPES 
Form geometry we know the regular shapes to be the 
circle, and the infinite series of regular polygons that 
can be inscribed within it. Of these, the most 
significant are the primary shapes: the circle, the 
triangle, and the square. 
Circle A plane curve every point of which is 
equidistant from a fixed point within the curve. 
Triangle A plane figure bounded by three 
sides and having three angle. 
Square A plane figure having four sides and 
four right angle. 
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PRIMARY SHAPES 
Compositions of circles and 
circular segments. 
Plan of the Ideal City of Sforzinda, 1464. 
The Circle is a centralized, introverted figure that is 
normally stable and self-centering in its environment. 
Placing a circle in the center of a field reinforces its 
inherent centrality. Associating it with straight or 
angular forms or placing an element along its 
circumference, however, can induce in the circle an 
apparent rotary motion. 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ 
Epidaurus Theater. 
1-CIRCLE
PRIMARY SHAPES 
2-TRIANGLE 
The triangle signifies stability. When resting on one of its sides, the triangle is an 
extremely stable figure. When tipped to stand on one of its vertices, however, it can either 
be balanced in a precarious state of equilibrium or be unstable and tend to fall over onto 
one of its sides. 
Modern Art Museum, Caracas, 
Venezuela, 1955, Oscar Niemeyer. 
Vigo Sundt House, Madison, 
Wisconsin, 1942, Frank Lloyd Wright. 
Great Pyramid of Cheops at Giza, Egypt, c. 2500 B.C. 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
PRIMARY SHAPES 
3- SQUARE 
Compositions resulting from 
the rotation and modification 
of the square. 
The square represents the pure and the 
rational. It is a static and neutral figure 
having no preferred direction. All other 
rectangles can be considered variations 
of the square—deviations from the norm 
by the addition of height or width. Like 
the triangle, the square is stable when 
resting on one of its sides, and dynamic 
when standing on one its corners. 
Bathhouse, Jewish Community 
Center, Trenton, New Jersey, 1954- 
59, Louis Kahn. 
Agora of Ephesus, Asia Minor. 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
PRIMARY SOLIDS 
Pyramids, Giza, Egypt, c. 2500 B.C. 
Hanselmann House, fort Wayne, Indiana, 
1967, Michael graves. 
Maupertius, Project for an Agricultural Lodge, 
1775, Claude-Nicolas Ledoux. 
Chapel Massachusetts Institute of technology, 
Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1955, Eero Saarinen 
Project for a Conical Cenotaph, 1784, Etienne- 
Louis Boulee. 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
Discussion (1) 
Make a discussion about the following buildings, using primary 
solids characteristics. 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
REGULAR AND IRREGULAR FORMS 
Regular forms refer to those whose parts are related 
to one another in a consistent and orderly manner: 
They are generally stable in nature and symmetrical 
about one or more axes. The sphere, cylinder, cone, 
cube, and pyramid are prime examples of regular 
forms. 
Forms can retain their regularity even when 
transformed dimensionally or by the addition or 
subtraction of elements. Form our experiences with 
similar forms, we can construct a mental model of 
the original whole even when a fragment is missing 
or another part is added. 
Irregular forms are those whose parts are dissimilar 
in nature and related to one another in an 
inconsistent manner. They are generally 
asymmetrical and more dynamic than regular forms. 
They can be regular forms from which irregular 
elements have been subtracted or results from an 
irregular composition of regular forms. 
Since we deal with both solid masses and spatial voids 
in architecture, regular forms can be contained within 
irregular forms. In a similar manner, irregular forms can 
be enclosed by regular forms. 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
REGULAR AND IRREGULAR FORMS 
A Regular Composition of Regular Forms: 
Coonley Playhouse, Riverside, Illinois, 1912, Frank Lloyd Wright 
Irregular Forms: 
Philharmonic Hall, Berlin, 1956-63, Hans Scharoun 
An Irregular Composition of Regular Forms: 
Katsura Palace, Kyoto, Japan, 17th century 
Irregular Forms within a Regular Field: 
Philharmonic Hall, Berlin, 1956-63, Hans Scharoun 
Regular Forms within an Irregular Composition: 
Masjed of Sultan Hasan, Cairo, Egypt, 1356-63 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
Discussion (2) 
Make a discussion about the projects of architect Frank Gehry, 
using the concept design of the irregular forms . 
Vitra Design Museum at Weil-am-Rhein, Germany, 
1990 by Frank O. Gehry 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
Discussion (2) 
Make a discussion about the projects of architect Frank Gehry, 
using the concept design of the irregular forms . 
Guggenheim Museum : Bilbao, spain 1997 
By Frank O.Gehry 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
Discussion (2) 
Make a discussion about the projects of architect Frank Gehry, 
using the concept design of the irregular forms . 
Guggenheim Museum : 
Bilbao, spain 1997 
By Frank O.Gehry 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
Discussion (2) 
Make a discussion about the projects of architect Frank Gehry, 
using the concept design of the irregular forms . 
Cinémathèque Française By Frank O.Gehry 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
TRANSFORMATION OF FORM 
All other forms can be understood to be 
transformations of the primary solids, 
variations which are generated by the 
manipulation of one or more dimensions or 
by the addition or subtraction of elements. 
Dimensional Transformation 
A form can be transformed by altering one or more of its dimensions and still retain as a member of a family of a 
form. A cube, for example, can be transformed into similar prismatic forms through discrete changes in height, 
width, or length. It can be compressed into a planner form or be stretched out into a linear one. 
Subtractive Transformation 
A form can be transformed by subtracting a 
portion of its volume. Depending on the extend of 
the subtractive process, the form can retain its 
initial identify or be transformed into a form of 
another family. For example, a cube can retain its 
identify as a cube even though a portion of it is 
removed, or be transformed into a series of 
regular polyhedrons that begin to approximate a 
sphere. 
Additive Transformation 
A form can be transformed by addition of elements to 
its volume. The nature of the additive process and the 
number and relative sizes of the elements being 
attached determine whether the identity of the initial 
form is altered or retained. 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
TRANSFORMATION OF FORM 
Dimensional Transformation of a cube into a vertical 
slab: 
United d’Habitation, Firminy-Vert, France, 1963-68, Le Corbusier 
Subtractive Transformation Creating Volumes of Space: 
Gwathmey Residence, Amagensett, New York, 1967, Charles 
Gwathmey/Gwathmy Siegel 
Additive Transformation of a Parent Form by the 
Attachment of Subordinate Parts: 
United d’Habitation, Venice, 1577-92, Andrea Palladio 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
DIMESIONAL TRANSFORMATION 
Dimensional Transformation of spherical form in to 
ellipsoid form by enlongating it along an axis 
Plan of an elliptical church: Pensiero Della chiesa S. 
Carlo 
A project of Franscesco Baromini 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
DIMESIONAL TRANSFORMATION 
Dimensional Transformation of cube in to other 
rectangular prismatic form by shorting or enlongating its 
heights, width or depth 
YAHARA BOAT CLUB (PROJECT): Madison Wiscosin 1902 
A project by Frank Lloyd Wright 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
SUBSTRACTIVE FORM 
When regular form have fragments missing from their volumes , they can retain 
their identity if we perceive them as if they were whole and complete , we 
refer to these mutilated form as subtractive forms 
‘L’ configuration of two 
planes 
Square shape Subtractive form 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
SUBSTRACTIVE FORM 
When regular form have fragments missing from their volumes , they can retain 
their identity if we perceive them as if they were whole and complete , we 
refer to these mutilated form as subtractive forms 
Kanchanjunga Apartments 
by Gwathmey residence , New York Ar. Charles Correa- 1983 
by Ar. Charles Gwathmey -1967 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
SUBSTRACTIVE FORM 
Shodhan house , Ahemdabad by 
Le corbusier-1956 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
SUBTRACTIVE & ADDITIVE FORMS Le Corbusier comments on form: 
Cumulative Composition 
- additive form - a rather easy type-picturesque; 
full of movement 
- can be completely disciplined by classification 
and hierarchy 
Cubic Composition (Pure Prisms) 
- very difficult (to satisfy the spirit) 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ 
Very easy 
- (convenient combining) 
Subtractive form 
- very generous 
- on the exterior an architectural will is confirmed 
- on the interior all functional needs are satisfied 
(light, penetration, continuity, circulation)
ADDTIVE FORMS 
THE BASIC Possibilities for Two 
Form to group together are 
BY SPATIAL TENSION 
BY EDGE TO EDGE CONTACT 
BY FACE TO FACE CONTACT 
BY INTERLOCKING VOLUMES 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
ADDTIVE FORMS 
CENTRALIZED FORMS 
Consist of a number of secondary forms clustered 
about dominant , central parent form 
LINEAR FORMS 
Consist of form arranged 
Sequentially in a row 
RADIAL FORMS 
Are composition of linear forms that extend 
outward from central forms in radial manner 
CLUSTERED FORMS 
Consist of forms that are grouped together by 
proximity or the sharing of a common visual trait 
GRID – FORMS 
Are modular forms whose relationships are 
regulated by three dimensional grids 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
CENTRALIZED FORMS 
THE ROTONDA : VILLA CAPRA , Italy , Andrea Palladio -1552-67 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
CENTRALIZED FORMS 
S. MARIA DELLA SALUTE : Venice 1931-82 , 
Baldessare Longhena 
TEMPIETTO S. PIETRO : Montorio , Rome 
1502, Donato Bramante . 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
LINEAR FORMS 
A Linear form can result from a proportional 
change in forms dimensions 
Arrangement of series of form along a 
line 
A Linear form can be segmented or curvilinear to 
respond to conditions of its site as topography 
A Linear form can be used to front or define 
an edge of an exterior space or define a 
plane of entry to the space behind it. 
A Linear form can be manipulated to enclosed 
space 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ 
FORMS 
A Linear form can oriented vertically as tower 
elements to fix a point in space 
A Linear form can act as organizing 
elements to which a variety of forms 
can be attached 
A Linear growth : 
repetition of forms 
A Linear forms expressing 
procession or movement
LINEAR FORMS 
Burroughs adding machine company : plymouth michigan 1904 Albert kahn 
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LINEAR FORMS 
Runcorn new town housing : England 1967 James Stirling 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
LINEAR FORMS 
AGORA OF ASSOS : Asia Minor 2nd cent BC 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
LINEAR FORMS 
Henry babson house : riverside, 
ILLINOIS , 1907 , Louis Sullivan 
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RADIAL FORMS 
A Radial form consist of linear forms that 
extend outward from centrally located core 
element in a radiating manner 
Composition = Centrality + linearity 
Have extroverted nature 
Can grow into network of several 
centers 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
RADIAL FORMS 
UNESCO HEADQUARTERS : Paris , 1953-58 , Marcel Brever 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
RADIAL FORMS 
Biomedical Engineering Building 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
RADIAL FORMS 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ 
Jail 
Paving Stone
CLUSTERED FORMS 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ 
Attached as 
appendages to 
larger parent from or 
space 
Related by proximity 
alone to articulate and 
express their volume as 
individual 
Interlock their 
volume and merge into 
single form that have 
variety of faces 
Organized in following ways
CLUSTERED FORMS 
Organized in following ways 
Consist of forms that 
are generally 
equivalent in size 
shape and function 
These forms are visually ordered into a 
coherent , non-hierarhical organization 
not only by by their close proximity to one 
another but also by the similarity of their 
visual properties. 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
CLUSTERED FORMS 
G N Black House : Massauchusetts 1982-83 , Peabody & Stearns 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
CLUSTERED FORMS 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ 
Trulli village Resort : 
Italy
CLUSTERED FORMS 
Taos Pueblo : 
Valley of the Rio Grande in Taos, 
New Mexico 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
CLUSTERED FORMS 
Habitat : montreal canada 1967 
Moshe Safdie 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
GRID FORMS 
A grid can be defined as two or more intersecting sets of regularly spaced 
parallel lines . 
It generates a geometric pattern of regularly spaced points (where the 
grid lines intersect ) and regular spaced fields (define by grid lines) 
Square grid : is Essentially -neutral , Non-hierarchical and Non- directional 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
GRID FORMS 
GUNMA PREFECTUAL MUSEUM OF FINE 
ARTS 1974 , Arata Isozaki 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
GRID FORMS 
Nakagin capsule building : tokyo1972, 
Kisho kurokawa 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
GRID FORMS 
Hattenbach Residence : California 1971-73 
Raymond Kappe 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
References 
 Architecture: Form, Space & Order, Francis Ching, ISBN 0- 
442-21535-5 
 Elements of Architecture, Pierre Von Meiss, ISBN 0-747- 
60014-7 
 Ordering Systems: An introduction to Architectural Design, 
Edward T. White, Architectural Media, University of Arizona. 
 Principles of Form and Design, Wucius Wong, ISBN 0-442- 
01405-8 
 The Good House: Contrast as a Design Tool, Max Jacobson, 
Murray Silverstein, Barbara Winslow, ISBN 0-942391-05-5 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
Thank You for POSTING 
This forum is for, by and of the architect fraternity 
and it will only grow by creating New Thread 
and New Reply, we can also comment in existing 
threads by clicking following button on upper right 
corner of forum . 
Post your expertise valuable comments in forum 
regularly. 
http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/

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Theory of design form

  • 1. Compiled by : FD Architects Forum Gr. Floor , Ashoka apartment Bhawani Singh Road C-scheme , Jaipur -302001 Rajasthan ( INDIA) Ph. 91-0141-2743536 Email: architect@frontdesk.co.in Web : http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ THEORY OF DESIGN FORM
  • 2. - Meaning of Form - Properties of Form - Shape - Primary Shapes: Circle, Triangle, and Square - Primary Solids - Regular and Irregular Forms - Transformation of Form - Subtractive and Additive Forms http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ FORM
  • 3. Form “Architectural form is the point of contact between mass and space … Architectural forms, textures, materials, modulation of light and shade, color, all combine to inject a quality or spirit that articulates space. The quality of the architecture will be determined by the skill of the designer in using and relating these elements, both in the interior spaces and in the spaces around buildings”. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ Edmund N. Bacon The Design of Cities 1974
  • 4. While form often includes a sense of three-dimensional mass or volume, shape refers more specifically to the essential aspect of form that governs its appearance—the configuration or relative disposition of the lines or contours that delimit a figure or form. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ Form Shape The characteristic outline or surface configuration of particular form. Shape is the principal aspect by which we identify and categories forms. In addition to shape, forms have visual properties of: Size The physical dimensions of length, width, and depth of form, while these dimensions determine the properties of a form, its scale is determined by its size relative to other forms in its contexts. Color A phenomenon of light and visual perception that may be described in terms of an individual’s perception of hue, saturation, and tonal value. Color is the attribute that most clearly distinguishes a form from its environment. It also affects the visual weight of a form. Texture The visual and especially tactile quality given to a surface by the size, shape, arrangement, and proportions of the parts. Texture also determines the degree to which the surface of a form reflect or absorb incident light.
  • 5. PROPERTIES OF FORM Forms also have relational properties which govern the pattern and composition of elements: Position The location of a form relative to its environment or the visual filed within which it is seen. Orientation The direction of a form relative to the ground plane, the compass points, other forms, or to the person viewing the form. Visual Inertia The degree of concentration and stability of a form. The visual inertia of a form depends on its geometry as well as its orientation relative to the ground plane, the pull of gravity, and our line of sight. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 6. Our perception of shape depends on the degree of visual contrast that exists along the contour separating a figure from its ground or between a form and its field. Bust of Queen Nefertiti The pattern of eye movement of a person viewing the figure, from research by Alfred L. Yarbus of the Institute for Problems of Information Transmission in Moscow. In architecture, we are concerned with the shapes of: - floor, wall, and ceiling planes that enclose space - door and window openings within a spatial enclosure - silhouettes and contours of building forms http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ SHAPE
  • 7. PRIMARY SHAPES Form geometry we know the regular shapes to be the circle, and the infinite series of regular polygons that can be inscribed within it. Of these, the most significant are the primary shapes: the circle, the triangle, and the square. Circle A plane curve every point of which is equidistant from a fixed point within the curve. Triangle A plane figure bounded by three sides and having three angle. Square A plane figure having four sides and four right angle. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 8. PRIMARY SHAPES Compositions of circles and circular segments. Plan of the Ideal City of Sforzinda, 1464. The Circle is a centralized, introverted figure that is normally stable and self-centering in its environment. Placing a circle in the center of a field reinforces its inherent centrality. Associating it with straight or angular forms or placing an element along its circumference, however, can induce in the circle an apparent rotary motion. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ Epidaurus Theater. 1-CIRCLE
  • 9. PRIMARY SHAPES 2-TRIANGLE The triangle signifies stability. When resting on one of its sides, the triangle is an extremely stable figure. When tipped to stand on one of its vertices, however, it can either be balanced in a precarious state of equilibrium or be unstable and tend to fall over onto one of its sides. Modern Art Museum, Caracas, Venezuela, 1955, Oscar Niemeyer. Vigo Sundt House, Madison, Wisconsin, 1942, Frank Lloyd Wright. Great Pyramid of Cheops at Giza, Egypt, c. 2500 B.C. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 10. PRIMARY SHAPES 3- SQUARE Compositions resulting from the rotation and modification of the square. The square represents the pure and the rational. It is a static and neutral figure having no preferred direction. All other rectangles can be considered variations of the square—deviations from the norm by the addition of height or width. Like the triangle, the square is stable when resting on one of its sides, and dynamic when standing on one its corners. Bathhouse, Jewish Community Center, Trenton, New Jersey, 1954- 59, Louis Kahn. Agora of Ephesus, Asia Minor. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 11. PRIMARY SOLIDS Pyramids, Giza, Egypt, c. 2500 B.C. Hanselmann House, fort Wayne, Indiana, 1967, Michael graves. Maupertius, Project for an Agricultural Lodge, 1775, Claude-Nicolas Ledoux. Chapel Massachusetts Institute of technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1955, Eero Saarinen Project for a Conical Cenotaph, 1784, Etienne- Louis Boulee. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 12. Discussion (1) Make a discussion about the following buildings, using primary solids characteristics. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 13. REGULAR AND IRREGULAR FORMS Regular forms refer to those whose parts are related to one another in a consistent and orderly manner: They are generally stable in nature and symmetrical about one or more axes. The sphere, cylinder, cone, cube, and pyramid are prime examples of regular forms. Forms can retain their regularity even when transformed dimensionally or by the addition or subtraction of elements. Form our experiences with similar forms, we can construct a mental model of the original whole even when a fragment is missing or another part is added. Irregular forms are those whose parts are dissimilar in nature and related to one another in an inconsistent manner. They are generally asymmetrical and more dynamic than regular forms. They can be regular forms from which irregular elements have been subtracted or results from an irregular composition of regular forms. Since we deal with both solid masses and spatial voids in architecture, regular forms can be contained within irregular forms. In a similar manner, irregular forms can be enclosed by regular forms. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 14. REGULAR AND IRREGULAR FORMS A Regular Composition of Regular Forms: Coonley Playhouse, Riverside, Illinois, 1912, Frank Lloyd Wright Irregular Forms: Philharmonic Hall, Berlin, 1956-63, Hans Scharoun An Irregular Composition of Regular Forms: Katsura Palace, Kyoto, Japan, 17th century Irregular Forms within a Regular Field: Philharmonic Hall, Berlin, 1956-63, Hans Scharoun Regular Forms within an Irregular Composition: Masjed of Sultan Hasan, Cairo, Egypt, 1356-63 http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 15. Discussion (2) Make a discussion about the projects of architect Frank Gehry, using the concept design of the irregular forms . Vitra Design Museum at Weil-am-Rhein, Germany, 1990 by Frank O. Gehry http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 16. Discussion (2) Make a discussion about the projects of architect Frank Gehry, using the concept design of the irregular forms . Guggenheim Museum : Bilbao, spain 1997 By Frank O.Gehry http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 17. Discussion (2) Make a discussion about the projects of architect Frank Gehry, using the concept design of the irregular forms . Guggenheim Museum : Bilbao, spain 1997 By Frank O.Gehry http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 18. Discussion (2) Make a discussion about the projects of architect Frank Gehry, using the concept design of the irregular forms . Cinémathèque Française By Frank O.Gehry http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 19. TRANSFORMATION OF FORM All other forms can be understood to be transformations of the primary solids, variations which are generated by the manipulation of one or more dimensions or by the addition or subtraction of elements. Dimensional Transformation A form can be transformed by altering one or more of its dimensions and still retain as a member of a family of a form. A cube, for example, can be transformed into similar prismatic forms through discrete changes in height, width, or length. It can be compressed into a planner form or be stretched out into a linear one. Subtractive Transformation A form can be transformed by subtracting a portion of its volume. Depending on the extend of the subtractive process, the form can retain its initial identify or be transformed into a form of another family. For example, a cube can retain its identify as a cube even though a portion of it is removed, or be transformed into a series of regular polyhedrons that begin to approximate a sphere. Additive Transformation A form can be transformed by addition of elements to its volume. The nature of the additive process and the number and relative sizes of the elements being attached determine whether the identity of the initial form is altered or retained. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 20. TRANSFORMATION OF FORM Dimensional Transformation of a cube into a vertical slab: United d’Habitation, Firminy-Vert, France, 1963-68, Le Corbusier Subtractive Transformation Creating Volumes of Space: Gwathmey Residence, Amagensett, New York, 1967, Charles Gwathmey/Gwathmy Siegel Additive Transformation of a Parent Form by the Attachment of Subordinate Parts: United d’Habitation, Venice, 1577-92, Andrea Palladio http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 21. DIMESIONAL TRANSFORMATION Dimensional Transformation of spherical form in to ellipsoid form by enlongating it along an axis Plan of an elliptical church: Pensiero Della chiesa S. Carlo A project of Franscesco Baromini http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 22. DIMESIONAL TRANSFORMATION Dimensional Transformation of cube in to other rectangular prismatic form by shorting or enlongating its heights, width or depth YAHARA BOAT CLUB (PROJECT): Madison Wiscosin 1902 A project by Frank Lloyd Wright http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 23. SUBSTRACTIVE FORM When regular form have fragments missing from their volumes , they can retain their identity if we perceive them as if they were whole and complete , we refer to these mutilated form as subtractive forms ‘L’ configuration of two planes Square shape Subtractive form http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 24. SUBSTRACTIVE FORM When regular form have fragments missing from their volumes , they can retain their identity if we perceive them as if they were whole and complete , we refer to these mutilated form as subtractive forms Kanchanjunga Apartments by Gwathmey residence , New York Ar. Charles Correa- 1983 by Ar. Charles Gwathmey -1967 http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 25. SUBSTRACTIVE FORM Shodhan house , Ahemdabad by Le corbusier-1956 http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 26. SUBTRACTIVE & ADDITIVE FORMS Le Corbusier comments on form: Cumulative Composition - additive form - a rather easy type-picturesque; full of movement - can be completely disciplined by classification and hierarchy Cubic Composition (Pure Prisms) - very difficult (to satisfy the spirit) http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ Very easy - (convenient combining) Subtractive form - very generous - on the exterior an architectural will is confirmed - on the interior all functional needs are satisfied (light, penetration, continuity, circulation)
  • 27. ADDTIVE FORMS THE BASIC Possibilities for Two Form to group together are BY SPATIAL TENSION BY EDGE TO EDGE CONTACT BY FACE TO FACE CONTACT BY INTERLOCKING VOLUMES http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 28. ADDTIVE FORMS CENTRALIZED FORMS Consist of a number of secondary forms clustered about dominant , central parent form LINEAR FORMS Consist of form arranged Sequentially in a row RADIAL FORMS Are composition of linear forms that extend outward from central forms in radial manner CLUSTERED FORMS Consist of forms that are grouped together by proximity or the sharing of a common visual trait GRID – FORMS Are modular forms whose relationships are regulated by three dimensional grids http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 29. CENTRALIZED FORMS THE ROTONDA : VILLA CAPRA , Italy , Andrea Palladio -1552-67 http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 30. CENTRALIZED FORMS S. MARIA DELLA SALUTE : Venice 1931-82 , Baldessare Longhena TEMPIETTO S. PIETRO : Montorio , Rome 1502, Donato Bramante . http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 31. LINEAR FORMS A Linear form can result from a proportional change in forms dimensions Arrangement of series of form along a line A Linear form can be segmented or curvilinear to respond to conditions of its site as topography A Linear form can be used to front or define an edge of an exterior space or define a plane of entry to the space behind it. A Linear form can be manipulated to enclosed space http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 32. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ FORMS A Linear form can oriented vertically as tower elements to fix a point in space A Linear form can act as organizing elements to which a variety of forms can be attached A Linear growth : repetition of forms A Linear forms expressing procession or movement
  • 33. LINEAR FORMS Burroughs adding machine company : plymouth michigan 1904 Albert kahn http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 34. LINEAR FORMS Runcorn new town housing : England 1967 James Stirling http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 35. LINEAR FORMS AGORA OF ASSOS : Asia Minor 2nd cent BC http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 36. LINEAR FORMS Henry babson house : riverside, ILLINOIS , 1907 , Louis Sullivan http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 37. RADIAL FORMS A Radial form consist of linear forms that extend outward from centrally located core element in a radiating manner Composition = Centrality + linearity Have extroverted nature Can grow into network of several centers http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 38. RADIAL FORMS UNESCO HEADQUARTERS : Paris , 1953-58 , Marcel Brever http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 39. RADIAL FORMS Biomedical Engineering Building http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 41. CLUSTERED FORMS http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ Attached as appendages to larger parent from or space Related by proximity alone to articulate and express their volume as individual Interlock their volume and merge into single form that have variety of faces Organized in following ways
  • 42. CLUSTERED FORMS Organized in following ways Consist of forms that are generally equivalent in size shape and function These forms are visually ordered into a coherent , non-hierarhical organization not only by by their close proximity to one another but also by the similarity of their visual properties. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 43. CLUSTERED FORMS G N Black House : Massauchusetts 1982-83 , Peabody & Stearns http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 44. CLUSTERED FORMS http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/ Trulli village Resort : Italy
  • 45. CLUSTERED FORMS Taos Pueblo : Valley of the Rio Grande in Taos, New Mexico http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 46. CLUSTERED FORMS Habitat : montreal canada 1967 Moshe Safdie http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 47. GRID FORMS A grid can be defined as two or more intersecting sets of regularly spaced parallel lines . It generates a geometric pattern of regularly spaced points (where the grid lines intersect ) and regular spaced fields (define by grid lines) Square grid : is Essentially -neutral , Non-hierarchical and Non- directional http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 48. GRID FORMS GUNMA PREFECTUAL MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS 1974 , Arata Isozaki http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 49. GRID FORMS Nakagin capsule building : tokyo1972, Kisho kurokawa http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 50. GRID FORMS Hattenbach Residence : California 1971-73 Raymond Kappe http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 51. References  Architecture: Form, Space & Order, Francis Ching, ISBN 0- 442-21535-5  Elements of Architecture, Pierre Von Meiss, ISBN 0-747- 60014-7  Ordering Systems: An introduction to Architectural Design, Edward T. White, Architectural Media, University of Arizona.  Principles of Form and Design, Wucius Wong, ISBN 0-442- 01405-8  The Good House: Contrast as a Design Tool, Max Jacobson, Murray Silverstein, Barbara Winslow, ISBN 0-942391-05-5 http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/
  • 52. Thank You for POSTING This forum is for, by and of the architect fraternity and it will only grow by creating New Thread and New Reply, we can also comment in existing threads by clicking following button on upper right corner of forum . Post your expertise valuable comments in forum regularly. http://www.frontdesk.co.in/forum/