Designing Participatory Smart Cities. A Public Lecture given in Bristol at the Arnolfini Gallery. Looking at how Web 2.0 tools and techniques can help make the emerging smart city participative & help CityZens take centre-stage by context-shaping where they live with context-engineering tools. Looking at; the history of cities and neighbourhood actions, the history of technologically-enabled social change, Web 2.0 & context-shaping, Learner-generated contexts development frameworks, Context & social change, possible city futures, context-engineering & CityZens...

1. Designing Participatory Smart Cities
@fredgarnett #cmircity Bristol 18th Dec 2015

2. Designing Participatory Smart Cities
City Histories
Web 2.0
Ambient Learning City
Context
Participatory City Futures
Discussion;
CityZens in Network Society

3. City Histories
Designing Participatory Smart Cities

4. City Histories
The City in History – Lewis Mumford
from
Alleys
(medieval)
to
Squares
(modern)
to
Anarchists
(self-organised)

5. In 1666 the Great Fire of London
Burnt through alleys; requiring a new city

6. Fortunately Covent Garden was waiting
In 1649 Duke of Bedford had proposed Squares

7. Grids were rejected (Philadelphia)
Garden Squares accepted

8. In 1971 property development was planned
But residents objected, occupied, changed

9. Leaving the Covent Garden of today
Tourist Attraction, heart of the West End

10. In 1992 Deptford Creek faced Regeneration
But residents objected, occupied, changed

11. Instead of a high-end Marina
We kept the Creek tidal & an open public space

12. Creekside Centre Sustainable build…
Used in Olympics 2012 build (IOC standard)

13. Urban Ecology rools OK!
Crofton Fields (Riverways project)

14. Recently celebrated on BBC TV Culture Show
For Art Walks (SLAW) & cultural regeneration
Social action
Cultural regeneration
Property speculation

15. Designing Participatory Smart Cities
Anarchism and the City tomorrow Kropotkin Ealham
Garden Cities
Barcelona

16. Conclusion; interesting cityscapes come -
from sustained collaborative citizen action

17. Web 2.0
Designing Participatory Smart Cities

18. Web 2.0
from
Access
(internet)
to
Content
(WorldWideWeb)
to
Context
(Web2.0)

19. Web 2.0
I’m interested in social change
through technology use;
Technological Innovation Process TIP
1771-2021 (in 50yr cycles)
Kondratieff long-wave cycles of
meta-technologies; microprocessor
Networks, Services, Users model

20. Web 2.0
TIP Effects of technology use;
1st Order effects – planned use
-ve 1st Order Effects – side-effects
2nd Order Effects – unanticipated
-ve 2nd Order effects – crises…
Social change comes through 2nd
Order Effects; Trains > Metroland

21. Web 2.0
Arguably in tech-enabled change;
Change is socially dialogical
rather than intellectually
dialectical
It comes from users modifying
designers’ original intentions

22. So web 2.0 allows users to shape tech-use
Permanent beta, architectures of participation

23. So how can Web 2.0 help designers?
John Cook & I designed a social
network before social networks
Formed lastfridaymob; argued
Public technology must be;
Creative, interactive,
participative…

24. Web 2.0 & Learning
We formed Learner-Generated
Contexts group (2006)
“A coincidence of motivations
leading to agile configurations”
Open Context Model of Learning
Using a “development
framework” the PAH Continuum

25. P A H
Teacher
School
Teacher/
Learner
Learner
Research
Cognition Epistemic
Cognition
Meta-
Cognition
Adult

26. Pedagogy Andragogy Heutagogy
From Andragogy to Heutagogy
Pedagogy Andragogy Heutagogy Continuum
Pedagogy the institutionalisation of learning around
facts, resource scarcity, subject disciplines;
education as a delivery system (cognition)
Andragogy negotiated, collaborative, interest-driven
learning brokered into ‘open’ spaces – at best the
community is the curriculum (meta-cognition)
Heutagogy self-determined learning where learner
creativity enables innovation (epistemic cognition)

27. Web 2.0 & Context shaping
If web 2.0 with user-generated
content & participative qualities
Allows for “context-shaping”
Can we design a development
framework
That allows us to shape learning
contexts?

28. Ambient Learning City
Designing Participatory Smart Cities

29. Ambient Learning City
from
Ambient
(environmental)
to
Smart
(wired)
to
Social
(collaborative)

30. Ambient Learning City
Being “insanely ambitious”
We decided to investigate how
A multiple-context Ambient
Learning City might work
We had Emergent Learning Model
…Well! How did I get here?
Emergent Learning Model

31. Ambient Learning City
In 2000 Proboscis created;
“Urban Tapestries” in Brighton
Enabling participative use of
mobile phones in urban contexts
In 2005 Mudlarking in Deptford
2006 Ealing Northala Ambient
Learning Park then Kew Gardens

32. Ambient Learning City
2007 EU-IST 7 Future of Learning
For the “classroom of the future”
but learning context-responsive
2010 Ambient Learning City>>
2011 MOSI-ALONG Ambient
Learning Open Network Group
Ambient Learning City

33. Ambient Learning City
1998 Lewisham Citizens Connect
Can the Internet be used to
stimulate “Active Citizenship”?
TaLENT Community Grid for
Learning (CGfL) (CoP model)
but Best CGfL in Manchester…
learners.org

34. Ambient Learning City
Question; can we use our
development framework to
Design interactive learning -
In multiple contexts in Manchester
1 Participative curatorial strategies
2 Object-centred sociality
History of Manchester in 100 objects

35. Ambient Learning City; New Metaphors
Digital / Cabinets of Curiosities

36. Ambient Learning City; New Models
Aggregate then Curate; Social Media Participation Model

37. Social Cities of Tomorrow
Some Answers
New metaphors
New relationships
Object-centred sociality
Participative curatorial strategies
Aggregate then Curate
Post-institutional thinking
Participatory Cities
Social cities not smart cities

38. Ambient Learning City
Answer;
1. New reframing metaphors
Digital Cabinets of Curiosity
2. New user-inclusive processes
Aggregate then Curate
No Taxonomies – interest-driven

39. Ambient Learning City
Effectively we were getting our
hands dirty on 2nd order effects;
The problem was we were in an
industrial city with 150 years
experience of doing that…
We were learning about contexts
but we weren’t context-shaping…

40. Ambient Learning City
Question; how do we move from
context-responsive processes to
Context-shaping capabilities?
What new problems do we need
to solve…
So that we can create a dialogical
development process?

41. Context
Designing Participatory Smart Cities

42. Context-shaping
from
Representative
(19th century taxonomies)
to
Open
(access to hierarchy)
to
Participatory
(folksonomies)

43. Context
In 2010 Proboscis asked me to
critically review their work
I wrote “enabling consequences”
about shaping second-order effects
As generative innovations / platforms
Giles Lane, as an artist & cultural
broker, argued that they were…
Enabling Consequences

44. Context
“Moving Criteria across
contexts”
Or what Steven Johnson calls
exaptation
Or what we call
#heutagogy or…

45. Context
Creativity! Playing with form
Creating platforms for change
BUT!!!
Are we using new technologies;
To e-enable existing processes
Or to Transform them?

46. Context
Manchester Historic knowledge context
1845 Museums Act
1850 Public Libraries Act
1871 Education Act
The 19th century created a context
where taxonomic hierarchies were
The basis of institutional organisation
Still in that form in the 21st century

47. Context
In an Internet of People
@BenHammersley said that
“network society cannot be born”
Because people who grew up in
hierarchies are still in POWER
How do we move from hierarchies to
a participatory network society?
An Internet of People British Council Lecture 2011

48. Context
The Industrial Revolution threw a
bomb into community
Separating Home Work Leisure &
Markets from each other
Yet the digital revolution has the
potential to…
Re-integrate all our daily lives
(If you want it)…

49. Context (18th century)
Piece Hall, Halifax, Yorkshire; a user-owned “factory”

50. Participatory City Futures
Designing Participatory Smart Cities

51. Participatory City Futures
from
Subject
(monarchy)
to
Citizens
(constitutional monarchy)
to
CityZens
(who knows?)

52. Participatory City Futures
Post-war and post-modern urban plan solutions

53. Participatory City Futures
Why are we talking about Smart Cities?
…Social Cities, Hybrid Cities, Port Cities,
City 2.0, Green Cities, Happy Cities,
Future Cities, Messy Cities, Invisible Cities
Transition Towns, Planet of Slums?
We are facing a “paradigm shift” in our
thinking about cities…
Against the Smart City Adam Greenfield

54. Participatory City Futures
20 years ago I started teaching about
Information Systems in Society
As digital technology use developed beyond
business organisations then…
Their impact would be felt in our social lives
This would create a Kondratieff long-wave
change process in our society (1971-2021)
And we have a choice in what that means
because we are the USERS of new tech

55. Participatory City Futures
Paradigm Shift (from Kuhn) features
A transformation process not an elaboration
of the existing (19th century) paradigm
With “debates about fundamentals” (or
types of cities – as in this presentation)
No need for “consensus-forming” around
existing City Hall paradigm…
“Smart Cities” approach by Intel Cisco IBM
Siemens is exactly this “consensus-forming”

56. Participatory City Futures
BUT!
As Hazel Henderson said
Technology is the essence of politics
Our technology choices create
The kind of society we live in

57. Participatory City Futures
Cities are where the eternal human conflict
Between settlers and nomads is resolved
Settlement requires ownership
Nomads need to share
But ownership & mobility are challenged by
collaborative economy & smart phones
Tetrad (Digital McLuhan) shows new tech;
enhances^, >retrieves, <reverses, removes∨
AND we have a choice IF we are informed

58. “Technology is the essence of politics”
But are we e-enabling or transforming?

59. Participatory City Futures
So, how do we engage with this social
change process as it affects us day-by-day?
How do we frame our thoughts on the kind
of cities we want to live in?
Web 2.0 holds potential for participation
But existing organisations want more of the
same (same as <the past only more intense)
Transition Cities or privatised Municipalities?

60. Participatory City Futures
Some ideas from Origin of Spaces (EU)
ZAWP – Bilbao
Rolling process of hyper-local partnerships, permanently
debating w/the council “from action to process”
LX Factory – Lisboa
Hyper-cool Coworking hub, designing in a social mix.
“Hoxton in a factory” a “post-welfare state” solution
ROJC – Pula
Rebuilding Civil Society (post Civil-War) through NGOs
Darwin – Bordeaux
Ecological transitions to a sustainable economy
Co-creating Coworking Spaces

61. “from action
to process”

62. Lxfactory Lisboa

63. Participatory City Futures
On the design side we need…
Development Frameworks to help the
dialogical design of
The city we choose to live in!
Both for
Network Society &
City 2.0 or…
CityZens Context Engineering
Development Framework for Network Society

64. Context Engineering the Participatory CityMunicipality Smart City Participatory
City 2.0
City City Hall Real-time
City Hall
Distributed
City Hall
Institution Bricks &
Mortar
Clicks &
Mortar
Arch of
Participation
Street Tarmac Wifi/Digital Context
Engineering
Strategy Urban Plan Urban
Vision
Collaborative
Vision

65. Conclusions
Designing Participatory Smart Cities

66. Designing Participatory Smart Cities
1. CityZen action creates diverse city spaces
2. Web 2.0 allows dialogical user choices
3. Social change needs new framing devices
4. We can shape the contexts we live in
5. Mashups maketh new – we need
dialogical development frameworks that are
CityZens-centric
6. CollaborativeVisioning…

67. Designing Participatory Smart Cities
ThankYou
More information on this will be found in;
Digital Futures and the City of Today
(forthcoming 2016)
Chapter with Context Engineer Dr. Carl Smith
entitled…
Context Shaping City 2.0; how to use Hybrid
Technologies and Techniques to make the
Smart City 2.0 participatory & Cityzen-centric

68. Designing Participatory Smart Cities
Some Resources&Links
Unsmart Cities blog
The City in History – Lewis Mumford
Deptford Creekside Centre
What is Web 2.0?
Open Context Model of Learning
Emergent Learning Model
Ambient Learning City
Aggregate then Curate
Everything is a Metaphor
Social Cities of Tomorrow
Where Good Ideas come from
Enabling Consequences
Against the Smart City

69. Designing Participatory Smart Cities
@fredgarnett http://bit.ly/CityPeeps

70. WikiQuals “Yes You Can!”
Learning not Education
Liminal not Institutionalised
Bio-diversity not Monoculture
Learner-centric not Student-centred
Learner-generated not Course-defined
Community as Curriculum not Syllabus defined
Community of Sqolars not Community of Practice
Personal Learning Networks not Content-delivery
Quality Assured not Quality Controlled
Dynamic Quality not Static Quaity
Affinity not Supervision
Emergent not Linear
Trust the learner to be themselves;
Identity…