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IFAD’s Investments for Food Security
          in the Arab World
                      Omer Zafar
      Near East, North Africa and Europe Division
    International Fund for Agricultural Development

  Food Secure Arab World – A Roadmap for Policy & Research
                  Beirut, 6-7 February 2012
Cereals demand and supply in Arab Countries

 Cereal demand and supply in Arab countries (2000 – 2030)
IFAD’s investments to improve food security



 managing natural resources
 increasing agriculture productivity
 promoting rural finance
 upgrading value chains
 creating economic opportunities
 public-private partnerships
Natural resource management - water

Water scarcity
 75% decline in per capita renewable
  water resources since 1950
 projected further 40% decline in
  water resources by 2050


IFAD’s investments


         Improved Water Management


                                     Local
Appropriate          Water
                                  Institutions
Technologies     Infrastructure
                                    (WUAs)
Natural resource management - water



IFAD investments include:

 soil and water conservation
 rainwater harvesting
 alternative water resources
 distribution systems
 on-farm water use efficiency
 livestock water points
Natural resource management - land

      Syria: investing in land reclamation through de-rocking

 total area reclaimed is more than
  700,000 hectares, or 12% of total
  cultivable area
 IFAD investments contributed to de-
  rocking 180,000 hectares
 directly benefitting 70,000 households,
  doubling arable land in targeted areas
Natural resource management - rangelands

Status: rangelands are at risk of degradation, with economic losses

IFAD investments include:

 deferred grazing   veterinary services   linking pastoralists’
                                            institutions with
shrub plantation    genetics improved
                                              services and
    reseeding       water availability           markets




    Resource           Resource              Institutional
  Conservation        Management               Support
Increasing agricultural productivity


Status

 cereals yields are 50% of world average

 cereals productivity growth is declining

 horticulture productivity growth is
  relatively good
Increasing agricultural productivity

IFAD investments include:
 R&D partnerships
 improved varieties
 improved management practices
 demonstration plots & field schools
 increased private sector role


 Agricultural      Extension          Delivery
Technologies        Services          Systems

       Increased Agricultural Productivity
Promoting rural finance



     support access to a variety of financial services
     promote a range of financial institutions and modalities
     support demand-driven and innovative approaches
     encourage market-based approaches
     focus on sustainability and poverty outreach
     promote an enabling environment for rural finance
Promoting rural finance:
Sanadiq in Syria, Sudan, Somalia, Yemen
Promoting rural finance:
Sanadiq in Syria

   Achievements
    76 sanadiq created, with 13,500 members (45% women)
    22,000 loans disbursed, amounting to USD 17 million
    loans are short-term with maximum one year duration
    investments in agriculture, livestock, off-farm micro-businesses

   Way Forward
    legalisation of sanduq as financial institution
    creation of Apex institution for financial and other services
    linkages for refinancing from financial institutions
    innovative forms of capitalisation
Promoting rural finance:
Refinancing



                                                                                      Smallholders
                                                                                       (producers'
                                                                                      associations)



                                                            Financial
          loan     Ministry of   Refinancing      loan     Institutions
IFAD                                                                                                   Markets
       repayment    Finance        Facility    repayment                  loan              forward
                                                                          repayment         contract




                                                                                      Agribusiness
                                                                                      (enterprises)
Promoting rural finance:
Refinancing

 Refinancing helps financial institutions to:

    increase rural outreach and attract new clients
    adapt financial products to rural demand
    invest own funds and leverage additional funds
    introduce innovative collateral requirements (e.g forward contracts)

 Way Forward

  diversify financial instruments (micro-leasing, equity financing)
  technical assistance to mobilise deposits and savings (exit strategy)
Promoting rural finance:
Equity financing


 temporary strategic investments in rural enterprises (often family-owned
  or cooperative) with market demand, growth potential and job creation;

 combined with non-financial advisory services (managerial, technical,
  market access);

 the foundation is the value chain approach (agriculture, fisheries,
  livestock, off-farm and non-farm sectors)

 economic benefits for the rural poor through backwards linkages with
  producers, job creation for unemployed and under-employed, and rural
  economic multiplier effects
Creating economic opportunities - investments

Market driven investments to promote economic opportunities and create jobs

 selected value chains with comparative advantage, market demand and
  growth potential (agriculture, livestock, fisheries, non-farm)

 broad range of rural financial services (savings & credit groups,
  microfinance, debt finance, refinancing, equity financing)

 market-derived infrastructure development linked to the selected value
  chains

 producers’ associations and win-win contractual arrangements with
  processors, traders and markets

 agribusiness development (SMEs linked to smallholders and/or creating job
  opportunities) and non-farm enterprises
Creating economic opportunities - services

  Services for smallholders
      smallholder producers’ associations
      climate-smart, environmentally-friendly technologies
      access to a range of financial services
      access to technical and business services
      GGAP training and certification
      skills development and rural labour market intermediation

  Services for enterprises
      access to a range of financial services
      access to managerial, business, technical services
      HACCP / ISO compliance and certification
      market promotion
Upgrading agricultural value chains:
operational experiences

                                         Services:


                                           Financial

                                               Business

                                                 Marketing
                                                                                             Market
                                                                                           promotion
                                                     HACCP / ISO


 Services:


   PA support
                          Producers'
                                             forward            Agribusiness                 Market
     Technology           Association
                                             contract           (enterprises)           (domestic; export)
                        (smallholders)
         Financial

             Business

                GGAP



                                                        Market-derived Infrastructure
IFAD’s active portfolio in the Arab region


  IFAD’s active portfolio in the region covers 10 borrowing/recipient
   countries and amounts to USD 930 million

  of this, USD 450 million is financed by IFAD and USD 480 million by
   cofinanciers (domestic & external)

  this portfolio is now directly reaching some 2.9 million poor rural
   people across about 3,100 communities

  as such, the active portfolio is reaching 2.4% of the rural population
   or 6.5% of the rural poor in borrowing/recipient countries

  in 2011, the average investment cost (loan/grant) per beneficiary
   amounted to about USD 52
IFAD’s active portfolio in the Arab region:
  some results


 380,000 ha of land under improved
  management practices

 250,000 ha of land under irrigation
  scheme constructed or rehabilitated

 220 livestock water points constructed
  or rehabilitated

 3,200 drinking water systems
  constructed or rehabilitated
IFAD’s active portfolio in the Arab region:
  some results


 270,200 poor rural people in
  strengthened community organisations

 32,000 poor rural people in savings and
  credit groups

 23,500 poor rural people trained in
  income generating activities

 20,500 poor rural people trained in post-
  production, processing and marketing
IFAD’s active portfolio in the Arab region:
some results




 1,500 km of roads constructed
  or rehabilitated
IFAD’s active portfolio in the Arab region:
  some results



 1,400 savings and credit groups
  formed and/or strengthened

 460 savings and credit groups with
  women in leadership positions
IFAD’s active portfolio in the Arab region:
Partnerships (selected)
   Cofinancing
    Islamic Development Bank
    OPEC Fund for International Development
    World Bank
    Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development
    Global Environmental Facility
    borrowing/recipient Governments
    private sector such as commercial banks and investors
    beneficiaries
   Knowledge
    UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia
    International Center for Agriculture Research in Dry Areas
    International Center for Biosaline Agriculture
    International Food Policy Research Institute
    Food and Agriculture Organisation
    National agriculture research institutes
Thank you

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Session 2 omer zafar

  • 1. IFAD’s Investments for Food Security in the Arab World Omer Zafar Near East, North Africa and Europe Division International Fund for Agricultural Development Food Secure Arab World – A Roadmap for Policy & Research Beirut, 6-7 February 2012
  • 2. Cereals demand and supply in Arab Countries Cereal demand and supply in Arab countries (2000 – 2030)
  • 3. IFAD’s investments to improve food security  managing natural resources  increasing agriculture productivity  promoting rural finance  upgrading value chains  creating economic opportunities  public-private partnerships
  • 4. Natural resource management - water Water scarcity  75% decline in per capita renewable water resources since 1950  projected further 40% decline in water resources by 2050 IFAD’s investments Improved Water Management Local Appropriate Water Institutions Technologies Infrastructure (WUAs)
  • 5. Natural resource management - water IFAD investments include:  soil and water conservation  rainwater harvesting  alternative water resources  distribution systems  on-farm water use efficiency  livestock water points
  • 6. Natural resource management - land Syria: investing in land reclamation through de-rocking  total area reclaimed is more than 700,000 hectares, or 12% of total cultivable area  IFAD investments contributed to de- rocking 180,000 hectares  directly benefitting 70,000 households, doubling arable land in targeted areas
  • 7. Natural resource management - rangelands Status: rangelands are at risk of degradation, with economic losses IFAD investments include: deferred grazing veterinary services linking pastoralists’ institutions with shrub plantation genetics improved services and reseeding water availability markets Resource Resource Institutional Conservation Management Support
  • 8. Increasing agricultural productivity Status  cereals yields are 50% of world average  cereals productivity growth is declining  horticulture productivity growth is relatively good
  • 9. Increasing agricultural productivity IFAD investments include:  R&D partnerships  improved varieties  improved management practices  demonstration plots & field schools  increased private sector role Agricultural Extension Delivery Technologies Services Systems Increased Agricultural Productivity
  • 10. Promoting rural finance  support access to a variety of financial services  promote a range of financial institutions and modalities  support demand-driven and innovative approaches  encourage market-based approaches  focus on sustainability and poverty outreach  promote an enabling environment for rural finance
  • 11. Promoting rural finance: Sanadiq in Syria, Sudan, Somalia, Yemen
  • 12. Promoting rural finance: Sanadiq in Syria Achievements  76 sanadiq created, with 13,500 members (45% women)  22,000 loans disbursed, amounting to USD 17 million  loans are short-term with maximum one year duration  investments in agriculture, livestock, off-farm micro-businesses Way Forward  legalisation of sanduq as financial institution  creation of Apex institution for financial and other services  linkages for refinancing from financial institutions  innovative forms of capitalisation
  • 13. Promoting rural finance: Refinancing Smallholders (producers' associations) Financial loan Ministry of Refinancing loan Institutions IFAD Markets repayment Finance Facility repayment loan forward repayment contract Agribusiness (enterprises)
  • 14. Promoting rural finance: Refinancing Refinancing helps financial institutions to:  increase rural outreach and attract new clients  adapt financial products to rural demand  invest own funds and leverage additional funds  introduce innovative collateral requirements (e.g forward contracts) Way Forward  diversify financial instruments (micro-leasing, equity financing)  technical assistance to mobilise deposits and savings (exit strategy)
  • 15. Promoting rural finance: Equity financing  temporary strategic investments in rural enterprises (often family-owned or cooperative) with market demand, growth potential and job creation;  combined with non-financial advisory services (managerial, technical, market access);  the foundation is the value chain approach (agriculture, fisheries, livestock, off-farm and non-farm sectors)  economic benefits for the rural poor through backwards linkages with producers, job creation for unemployed and under-employed, and rural economic multiplier effects
  • 16. Creating economic opportunities - investments Market driven investments to promote economic opportunities and create jobs  selected value chains with comparative advantage, market demand and growth potential (agriculture, livestock, fisheries, non-farm)  broad range of rural financial services (savings & credit groups, microfinance, debt finance, refinancing, equity financing)  market-derived infrastructure development linked to the selected value chains  producers’ associations and win-win contractual arrangements with processors, traders and markets  agribusiness development (SMEs linked to smallholders and/or creating job opportunities) and non-farm enterprises
  • 17. Creating economic opportunities - services Services for smallholders  smallholder producers’ associations  climate-smart, environmentally-friendly technologies  access to a range of financial services  access to technical and business services  GGAP training and certification  skills development and rural labour market intermediation Services for enterprises  access to a range of financial services  access to managerial, business, technical services  HACCP / ISO compliance and certification  market promotion
  • 18. Upgrading agricultural value chains: operational experiences Services: Financial Business Marketing Market promotion HACCP / ISO Services: PA support Producers' forward Agribusiness Market Technology Association contract (enterprises) (domestic; export) (smallholders) Financial Business GGAP Market-derived Infrastructure
  • 19. IFAD’s active portfolio in the Arab region  IFAD’s active portfolio in the region covers 10 borrowing/recipient countries and amounts to USD 930 million  of this, USD 450 million is financed by IFAD and USD 480 million by cofinanciers (domestic & external)  this portfolio is now directly reaching some 2.9 million poor rural people across about 3,100 communities  as such, the active portfolio is reaching 2.4% of the rural population or 6.5% of the rural poor in borrowing/recipient countries  in 2011, the average investment cost (loan/grant) per beneficiary amounted to about USD 52
  • 20. IFAD’s active portfolio in the Arab region: some results  380,000 ha of land under improved management practices  250,000 ha of land under irrigation scheme constructed or rehabilitated  220 livestock water points constructed or rehabilitated  3,200 drinking water systems constructed or rehabilitated
  • 21. IFAD’s active portfolio in the Arab region: some results  270,200 poor rural people in strengthened community organisations  32,000 poor rural people in savings and credit groups  23,500 poor rural people trained in income generating activities  20,500 poor rural people trained in post- production, processing and marketing
  • 22. IFAD’s active portfolio in the Arab region: some results  1,500 km of roads constructed or rehabilitated
  • 23. IFAD’s active portfolio in the Arab region: some results  1,400 savings and credit groups formed and/or strengthened  460 savings and credit groups with women in leadership positions
  • 24. IFAD’s active portfolio in the Arab region: Partnerships (selected) Cofinancing  Islamic Development Bank  OPEC Fund for International Development  World Bank  Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development  Global Environmental Facility  borrowing/recipient Governments  private sector such as commercial banks and investors  beneficiaries Knowledge  UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia  International Center for Agriculture Research in Dry Areas  International Center for Biosaline Agriculture  International Food Policy Research Institute  Food and Agriculture Organisation  National agriculture research institutes