How it works a thermical power station. Work done by students involved in a cmoenius project called LESET. Ies Josep Vallverdú. les Borges Blanques.

1. How does a thermical power
station works?
Comenius LESET (2008 – 2009)
Adrià Barrufet Caelles
Paula Felis Bosch
Mihaela Cristina Burciu
Laia Guitarte Feliu
LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

2. THE PARTS OF THE POWER STATION
 Get coal
 The boiler
 Turbine and alternator
 Transformator
 Condensator, the refrigerator
LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

3. Get Coal
 The coal is a sedimentary rock that is
used like fossil fuel. Its of black color.
 It is the largest source of energy for
the generation of electricity worldwide,
as well as one of the largest worldwide
source of carbon dioxide emissions.
Gross carbon dioxide emissions from
coal usage are slightly more than
those from petroleum and about
double the amount from natural gas.
LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

4. COAL
 Coal was formed from plant remains
that were protected by water and mud
against oxidization and
biodegradation, thus trapping
atmospheric carbon in the ground.
Over time, the chemical and physical
properties of the remains were
changed by geological action to create
a solid material.
 This mineral is anthracite, is the best
coal for produce thermical energy
LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

5. The boiler
 This construction was a tower with the
wall of the chamber combustion tube
rolls up into a spiral, reaching the area
that are overheated and the re in
which tubes are vertical.
 The feed water enters the boiler
through the economizer, located
in the area's highest draft of the boiler.
Slow from there to the bottom
home and began a journey upward
through the pips in rolls spiral form the
walls of the site.
LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

6. The boiler
 The steam leaves the overheated final
pressure and temperature of service to the
turbine, in where expensive and back again
to the boiler to raise again temperature in
the primary and secondary re located in the
area of convection and radiation
respectively.
 The steam recirculation for temperature, this
is extracted reheated before entering the
induced draft fan and two fans are powered
by radio to the combustion chamber.
LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

7. Turbine
 The turbine has a capacity of 563 MWh of production consists of four
cylinders in tandem, a high-pressure single flow, an average pressure
and two double flow low pressure double flow to evacuate a condenser.
The entrance to the steam turbine has high characteristics of 174 bar
pressure at a temperature of 538 º C. The steam leaves the turbine with a high
features 350 º C. Be reheated in the boiler again 538 º C before entering turbine half.
LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

8. Turbine
 To facilitate a cold start and warm and
shooting conditions with stops short,
there is a system By-pass high and low
pressure turbine.
 Regulation and control of the whole
system is kind of electro and Oil
supplies from the same system that is
used to lubricate turbine and alternator
bearings.
LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

9. Alternator
 The alternator runs with hydrogen gas
and water for refrigerators. In the
terminal winding of the stator are
mounted transformers intensity required
for protective relays and
measures. At the other end of winding is
the closure of the star forming
the neutral point, connected to land by
means of resistance. For the terminal
generator connecting rods isolated
phase in which energy generated flows
to the main transformer.
LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

10. Transformator
 The generator produce alternating
currents. The generator was
coupled to the turbine. It is the
machine that converts mechanical
energy into electrical energy. Turns
to 3000 rpm, and is connected in
star, providing a voltage of 21 kV.
The cooling of the alternate works in
a closed system of circulation of
hydrogen, at a pressure of 4 atm.
and with a flow rate of 30 m3 / s.
LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

11. Transformator
 The central has a main transformer, a
transformer and an auxiliary
boot processor, with an installed
generation switch
that can separate the generator and its
excitation system and regulation of
tension of the rest of the Central and
the Web.
 In normal operation, the energy
required for
ancillary services is taken directly from
a tubes by three-phase transformer
with double secondary winding.
LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

12. Condensator or refrigeration (system of condensator)
 The exhaust steam from the turbine, once condensed, is sucked through
Four bombs, and through low pressure heaters, is sent to degasser where a
temperature of 137 º C and a pressure of 10 bars. The degasser is considered the
boundary between the condensate and water supply. Water is sucked by the pumps
of food that promotes, through high pressure heaters, the boiler economizer inlet.
 Turbines operating with a single cylinder exhaust to the condenser main turbine,
driven by steam pressure to 9 bars and 327 º C from of the 5th extraction turbine.
They also have a power emergency boot from steam.
LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

13. Condensator (water circulation system)
 This system is used to condense exhaust steam from the turbine and is
in a closed circuit consisting of a cooling tower and natural draft
two pumps that drive the water contained in the edge of the tower
cooling through the pipes of the condenser and returns to the tower to fall
in the form of fine droplets of rain to churn above.
The water circulates through this system extracts heat from the exhaust steam
from the
turbine and condenses. The heat transferred to the water flow is sent to the
atmosphere in the cooling tower natural draft.
LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

14. Refrigeration tower
 The cooling tower is constructed with a
strip of concrete hyperbolic
armed height of 108 m and 48 m in
diameter at the top, 71.80 m
at the bottom and 45.50 m at the edge
closer with a thickness of
layer between 0.70 and 0.15 m.
LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

15. LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques