1. @@flknč×@bflà×@Ž bflî–Ûa@Ž ØžîÜflÇ@flknč×@aìŽßaõ@flåíčˆÛa@bflèíşc@bflí
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@@æìÔŞnmfl @žáØÜflÈÛ@žáØčÜjžÓ@žåß@flåíčˆÛa@óÜflÇ
fl č
éijCIcj&iSg, rj*X)[ akÙk=iGs)^Selsh rj*X)k; SrlÙ[ rjG
~r[Pal)s/Mjgj)k^k. Lf[iqj rj*X akDjdxlSu)l;ê 183 ‫رة ا ة‬
“ark<UglCj)[ alGÏ pGCdaluk; cØlGÏj SrlÙjH r~J dgJ; uksm alf{ddsxsÔl
sRyuk; cfUlcfU ijSivrjsRyuk; ckiU s)ulsn^[ arÍjhl)lR clPj)k^fln[.
d[f rjGS`C*xluk; DkG:R LifJGÑalu ycoH fjgkSarj uksm |pJckdX t^k;
alcaln[ yaxlR. rj*xjhlG : alcjr[ LaohUaluj LiSC<j)k^kà Lf[ dlhlrkz
clÊjdxlik^kSil LigfjH SrlÙrk<[Aj faln[ édlhZMs LfjwJij)k^kê. iglrjgj
)n;ï :sg(jhk; SglzjululH Ls#(jH )k^ Qgkelm[ fhakydxjSh)k; r~j f*
ulYfujhlulH LYfsuÑ; aËk pjic*X. xksm alf{ddX Tf[ fs^ulujgj)k;. épJrjH
L#l|k rj*Xs)xk/alnjv[Vj)k^f[. LiR ekfkfluj K!l)k^sf#l; ~jp[Lln[ê.
rj*X)[ sBgk)ajv[Vj)k^j#. rj*X
tÑ; eoGjul)lrk;, rj*X)[ cØlGÏ; cI|J|kH ~kDlgj, DkG:^[ SC<; ]Ëik;
dlnj&k f^fjr[ L#l|kijsRy a|fI; ilq[ Lih;~rJualu Yzr[F; t^ln[ egs) Lyj
lrkalnf[. rj*X rÕj dlnj)k^igl us/mk^f[. sflMmk c[Flr; ‘cI|J|[ akc[
ujJglrk;. é2 È 185ê hjaj’ rln[. TO g![ ic[fkfdxk; Tfjhk=
|pJckdxksm YelPlrU; S~lPUs/mkk^k.
“yaxlR” Tfl Qgj)H domj calzfalujgj)k
TfjH KÓgj& |pJckdsx hlZiSlsm
^k, :f[ac;uarjsRy alc;, cdh ele* dlnlsf clÓUalSumSlx; |{pjc[Fal)lR
xjH rj^k; akd[fj SrmlR egUle[falu alc;, egjYCaj)kd, Lf[ >d[fj wrj/j)k;. ahulx
:ujg; alc*Sx)lX SYC<[Aalu Qgk glYfj Slsml/ak= Ly~j elglun; Ly~j>l<l
KXsdl=k^ alc;, DkG:R LifJGÑalu cOÕgUalcIpj)lR domj c|ludaln[.
alc;, Shldliclr; isg c[agj)s/mk^ ~p
yjsRy gl/dhkdxm*ju alc;, cIGÏ dilm SrlÙjsRy :pUs ao^k rlh[ pjic*xjH
*X fky)s/mk^ alc;, rgd dilm*X Lm svyju Yeulc; Sfl^lrjmuk![ - Qgk ekfju
)s/mk^ alc;, ejClvk)X ~r[Prc[F ssm; Sm~jX. Srsgayj&ln[ Liclrs
gl)s/mk^ alc;, T~lpkdX)[ tqkef[ e[ dm^[ igkSÙlX. TO a|fISayju alc;
am*jhPjd; YefjEh; rHds/mk^ alc; - rs+ ijM[ dm^k SelikdulnS#l t^ c(m;,
ClgJgjdaluk; alrcjdaluk; t#l alhjrU*xj Lfkxil)k^ Sipr. TO ij<a; Selhk;
H rj^k; egjCkÓj ssdigj)lR c|ludalu SrlÙjSrlmk= r+ksm :pgijsRy >lzaln[.
ckiGÑ alcajfl calzfalujgj)k^k. egjYC TO svyju dlgU; Tijsm tmkk eyÉf[
aClhjdX)[ eleSalvrj^k; egjiGrj rak)[ SrlÙjsr ]sf#l; ijPjH :pgj)l
^k; ]Ëik; LrkSulwUalnJ alc;. rlikSal Lsfls)uk; eknUaln[ t^knGl
cG%Cd[frlu rlFSrlm[ rakS)Ëikamk)lR rln[. Lfjsr#l; L#l|kijsRy e)H
egUle[falu TO alcs LfjrrkSulwUalu rj^k; YefjEhikak![.
ijP; cIJdgj&lpgj)kd. t*jsr ]sf#l;
ijPjH t^f[ QlSglgkgksmuk; w[Blrs SrlÙjsRy agUlpdXî
uk;, ijSidsuk;, LG/nS~lPsuk; :YC
uj&jgj)k^k. dlg) sdlS!l TO/q; sdlS!l
si=; sdlS!l SrlÙk fky)H éTijsm
SrlÙjsr)kyj&k Qgk caYzalu eAr; Lifgj cOpjujH c;c; si=; ckh>aluj
/j)kdu# KS`CU;. cI|J|kH ~kDlgjujshuk;,
cI|J|[ akc[hjajshuk; aËk |pJc[ Yzr[F*xj
djMk^flnS#l. Tfjr[ YelakDU; rHdkdê
shuk; SrlÙ[ t^ LPUlu*xjhk= r~J  caualulhkmR SrlÙk fky)kd.
dgJ; uksm ]flrk; |pJckdX ijiGr  Llq; ejÔj)kd.  cdh rj<j
c|jf; SYdl}Jdgj&f[ LrUYf SvGjgj)k Ó*xjHrj^k; CgJgsuk; arÍjSruk;
^k. Tf[ YCÓSulmkdomj iluj&k eAj&lH posgul)kd.  ]<nj, egpo<n;,
1

2. vJeyuH t^ji SdX)k^fjH rj^[ ujsh Liclrs Llq; dqj)lyk!l
Selhk; QqjÉk alykd  Tgjhk= ujgk^f[. BlR fjgkSarj Sulsml/;
domjS&ghkdX (Meeting) akqkirk; Qqjil ck~[|[ rac[dgj)lR Si!j P{fjs/Mk
)kd. :sg(jhk; rj*Sxlm[ TgjH Seldk;.ë émVurugw ygKejfê
c;clgj&lH BlR SrlÙkdlgrlsn^[ ë é Llq; dqj&k P{fjs/M[ Selsu(jH alYf
Sa rac[dlgjH es(mk)lR dqjÉjgk
aykemj eyukd.  ^kxxo ê.
SrlÙ[ akyjuk^ dlgU*Xî sshhkH Dp[G
fJËuk; dkmjuk; c;Sulz; i#ijSP "rjC[vu;, a|lu Qgk glYfjujhln[ rl;
ruk; TYÕju; ekys/mkij)H ÊJna Lf[ éDkG:rjsrê Lifgj/j&jgj)k^f[é97È1ê.
dËlR covjsi)H Úfkgd[fSal Yeci “: a|lu glYfj :ujg; alc*sx)lX
gd[fSal ekys/mH VG`j K!l)H. KaasYf.” é97È3ê
L~ocTOp[ eyuk^kî “yaxlrjsRy aÓU
SrlÙkdlgr[ LrkiprJualui jsh ek pjic*xjH fjgkSarj uksm
dosm B*X “TL[fjdlE[“ Tgk^k. yaxlR
akyjijr[ vjdjÎ rmH e#[ eyj)H Tgkefjr[ glijsh fjgkSarj e=jujH
dÑjhk; svijujhk; agks^lqj)H rj^k; ekyk i^k B*Sxlm[ Yec;zj&fjH
si=; sdlS!l tuGd!J<nG sdlS!l Lgkxjî “sshhkH Dp[G BlR cIe[rjH
K<[njr[ Car; igkH e#[ Sf)H d!k. ej^Jm[ Blrf[ ay^kSeluj. Liclr
éK&)[ SC<; e#[ Sf)k^f[ r#f# t^[ s ejsh QËsulË pjic*xjH rj*xfjsr
LSrI<j)kd. dxjaÑjhk; si=jhk; BlR
vjh en[}jfØlG)[ L>jYeluak![ê. ckwop[ sv$k^fluk; cIe[r; d!k. LfjrlH
CIlc;akMH Lrk>is/mkSÙlX c[SYe Ke sspipofSrlsml/; “TL[fjdlE[“ Tgk^isg
Sulzj)H SglzCarjr[ covjsi)H #l; e=jujSh)[ fs^ am*sM" Kmsr B*X
LG, tÑ, ssahlÖj t^ji KeSul am*j. LS/lX :dlCjH Qgk SaZelxj
zj)H. Selhkaj#lujgk^k. sesM^[ :dlCjH dlG
SaZ*X i^[ Cd[fjuluj aq iG<j)lR
SrlÙ[dlh; t*jsr ijrjSulzj)n; fkm*j. aquksm Cd[fj aoh; TO/r aMhk
sdl!k= e=juksm SaHM[ SvlGs^lhj&k
DkG:R elglun; glYfj rac[dlg sdl!jgk^k. ej^Jm[ rac[dlg; rm^k. fjgk
*X ck^lu dlgU*sx iGÓj/j Sarj dxjaÑjhk; si=jhk; ckwo[p[ sv$k
^f[ d!k. Lijmks fjgksrËjujH dxjaÑj
)hk; wJijfjH edGhk; plrPG sRy LiCj<[m*X BlR d!k. émVurugw
+*X LPjdgj/j)H dqjuk^Yf ygKejfê
cau; e=jujH “TL[fj)lE[” Tgj)H -
Liclrs ejH YeSfUdj&k; K;y T~[rkKaG eyuk^kî fjgkSarj
rjG%|j)H pk: sv$hk; ele*X uksm LrkvgØlgjH dkSy SeG sshhkH
selykkfglrk= YelGÒrdxk; SrlÙ[ Dp[G yaxlrjsh Qmkijhs :q[vujH igk
fky/j)H pJrJ ijw[Blr; dgc[Fal)k ^fluj cIe[r; d!k. fjgkSarj Lgkxjî
“rj*xksmsu#l; cIe[r*X Liclrs ]q[
^fjrk= ekc[fd*X, djl~kdX, pjic*xjH QkSvgk^fluln[ dlnk^f[.
ÜlckdX akfhlui KeSulzs/mkhk; Lf[ sdl![ i#irk; sshhkH Dp[yjsr
tj&ksdlmk)hk; LSrI<j)k^ksi(jH LiR yaxlrjsRy Qmkij
L l q; hs :q[vujhSrI<j)sM.”émVurugw ygKejfê
:ujg; alc*sx)lX domkfH eknUak= TO
glYfj d{fUaluj ]f[ glYfjujhlsn^k=f[
Lrc[ eyuk^k- cu[pk~[rk cl~j[ L#l|k éfê SzleUal)jsi&fjhosm fsRy
eyÉkî c|l~jdX SrlÙkdlh[, Lmj adX)[ domkfH eknU*X sv$lricg;
ekhG&)k akÙ[ dqj)lyk= :|lg; c{<[mj)s/mk^k.
dqj&k. LiG ck~[|[ rac[)gj)lR
rj^k. BlR cu[pk~[rk cl~jjSrlmk TL[fjdlE[
Svlpj&k- “Lf[ g!jrkajmujH tYf cau
s flacak!lujgk^k?” cu[p[ eyÉk- fjgkSarj uksm ef[rj :ujC
50 Ls#(jH 60 :u[ Qlflrk= eyuk^kî “t#l yaxlrjshuk; Liclrs
cau;”. émVurugw ygKejfê ejH fjgkSarj ‘TL[fjdlE[‘ Tgj)lyk
!lujgk^k. TO efji[ agn; isg fkmG^k.
c|[hk~[rk cLp[ eyuk^k- “BlR fjgkSarj uksm dlhSC<; Lijmks
tsRy dkmk;~jH si&ln[ yaxlR glYfj
2

3. ef[rjalgk; ‘TL[fjdlE[‘ Tgj)lyk!lujgk^k.”
( )
émVurugw ygKejfê
édmjH rj^k= Salvrjrk; ij>i*X
:ujC ujH rj^[ rjSipr;. "TL[ ca{Óal)k^fjrk; Si!juk= YelGÒrdXê.
fjdlEjgj)kSÙlX e=jujhjgk^k sdl![,
e=j)[ eky[ rjh[)k^ tsRy LmkS)[ –
fjgkSarj fhrJMjgk;. BlR akmj ilG^k
sdlmk)k;. TL[fjdlE[ Tgj)kSÙlX YeSfUdl
iCUj^#lsf fjgkSarj iJMjH dm)lyk!luj
gk^j#. émVurugw ygKejfê L#l|kSi, rJ Lrkipj&iulH rJ ijh)jui
ujH rj^k;, rjs^ Lrkcgj)k^fjrlH rjs^
KaG eyuk^kî BlR Qgj)H fjgkSarj Pj)gj)k^fjH rj^k; alyjrjH)k^fjH rJ
su KnGjî “ac[wjpkH |ylajH Qgk trj)[ c;f{e[fj rHSdnSa. rjsRy QOplgU
glYfj TL[fjdlEjgj)lsa^[ Lw[Blrdlh[ lH rJ ts^ aËk=isg :YCuj)lirl
BlR SrG& SrG^jgk^k.” “rj*X SrG& S)nSa.
eoGjul)kd” t^[ fjgkSarj Lgkxj.
émVurugw ygKejfê –2
fjgkSarj uksm ef[rj cIEju
eyuk^kî “yaxlrjsh Liclrs ejH
fjgkSarj e=jujH TL[fjdlEjgk^S/lX
BlR fjgkSarjsu cÕGCj&k. Lh[ecau;
Tgk^k c;clgj&SC<; fjgj&kSel^k.
ulYfuu)lR fjgkSarj ts^ Lrkzaj&k.
K+kcHal uksm iJMj^mkk=
e=juksm ilfjH)shjuS/lX g![ LR
clgjdX : iqj dm^kSeluj. LiG fjgkSarj
)[ chl; svl#j.” émVurugw ygKejfê
L~o|kssyy eyuk^kî "fjgkSarj
t#l yaxlrjhk; e[ pjic; TL[fjdlEjgj aS|l^falu cj;|lcrjsRyuk; ce[filr
)lyk!lujgk^k fjgkSarj T|Shldilc; *xksmuk; gÊjflSi, B*xksmuk; asË#l
simjÉ iG<alisM, Tgkef[ pjic; TL[ ic[fk)xksmuk; rlFl, fOylk; TÖJhk;
fjdlEjgk^k." émVurugw ygKejfê DkG:rk; Ty)ju rlFl, PlrUik; ijxdxk;
KHelpj/j)k^ L#l|kSi, tsRy cIÔ;
TL[fjdlEjsRy zOgi; TS/lX S~lPUs/Mj
ijrujH rj^k; rjsRy rjuYÔnjhk= asË
gj)l;. cOpjLSy~Uujsh e=jdxksm eC[vl
#l ic[fk)xksmuk; KeYpi*xjHrj^k; BlR
h; TL[fjdlEj^[ ixsg Lrkdohalujgk
rj^jH L>u; Sfmk^k. fkm); rJuln[,
^jMk; Tf[ rjG%|j)k^igluj r+jHtYfSeG?
rjr)[ akÙ[ ulsfl^kaj#. LÔUik; rJuln[,
EjfI[G cdl[ rjr)[ SC<ik; ulsfl^kaj#. rjr)[ akd
xjhk; flsquk; :gkaj#. L#l|kSi, tsRy
dm~lÓUf rJ)j^[ plgjYpU; LdSËnSa.
EjfI[G cdl[ rjG~r[Paluk; sdlmk)kd -
segk^lX rac[)lgjr[ akÙk Yecij&kiJn
ejÖk dkÉjrm); QlSglgkG)k; Si!j
–3
YeSfUd; Tf[ rHSd!fln[. segk^lX
rac[dlgjr[ akÙluj Tf[ rHdn;. segk
^lX ckpjrjH >Ênsal^k; dqj)lrj#l
elis/MiG cao|jhk!ligkf[ t^fln[
TfjsRy YePlr flh[egU;. L#l|kSi, pkÈD;, ij<a;, Lhcf, pOG~hU;
SrlÙ[ fky'ukmsr î t^jiujH rj^k; BlR rj^jH L>u; Sfmk
^k. hk~[P[, >u; t^jiujH rj^k; rj^jH
L>u; Yelej)k^k. dmlPjdUjH rj^k; wr
*X dJsqlfk)k^fjH rj^k; BlR rj^jH
L#l|kSi rjr)[ Si!j BlR SrlÙrk<[Aj&k. Cgn; Sfmk^k. églijshuk; ssidkS^gik;
rjsRy >Ên; sdl![ fky)kduk; svu[fk. Kgkijmn;ê
–
pl|; fJG^k, BgÙkdX dkfjG^k, L#l|k
Tv[Vj&lH YefjEhik; Ky/luj.
3

4. cG%lPjefjulu L#l|kSi, rJukS`Cj)k^iG
)[ rJ :PjefU; rHdk^k. rJukS`Cj)k^igj
H rj^k; rJ :PjefU; rJ)j)xuk^k. rJukS`
Cj)k^isg alrUgk; rJukS`Cj)k^isg rjÕU
gkal)k^k. rj^jhln[ cdh rØdxk;. rJ
t#lËjhk; dqjikËirsYfà rJ glYfjsu edhjhk;
edhjsr glYfjujhk; huj/j)k^k. rJ rjGwwJi
alufjH rj^[ cwJialufjsruk; cwJialufj
H rj^[ rjGwwJialufjsruk; KHelpj/j)k^k.
rJukS`Cj)k^iG)[ rJ dn)j#lsf sdlmk)k
^k. rJukS`Cj)k^iG)[ rJ rHdkduk; rJuk
S`Cj)k^iG)[ fmukduk; sv$k^k. rjsRy
QOplgUlH rJsus^ aËk=isg :YCuj)l
irlS)nSa.
Yeulcark>ij)k^igksm YeulcadËk^, d<[m
s/mk^igksm YelGÒr cIJdgj)k^, T|jhk;
egjhk; dlgknUilrlu rlFl, rJ tS^lm[
dgkn dlnj)k^k. rlFl aËk=igksm dlgk
nU; :iCUaj#lfl)kaly[ rJsu^jH dlgknU;
svlgjSunSa.
...
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