2. INTRODUCTION
A plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-
synthetic organic solids that are moldable.
Plastics are typically organic polymers of high molecular mass
but they often contain other substances.
They are usually synthetic, most commonly derived from
petrochemicals , but many are partially natural.
3. Raw- materials
Most plastic water bottles are made from polyethylene
terephthalate (PET).
Pet bottles are replacing glass bottles because of the high rate of
breakage and the inconvenience of returning the empty bottle
after consumption.
Polymer derived from oil that adds flexibility, color, and strength
to plastic.
It is impermeable to carbonation. It is strong, light, impact
resistant, naturally transparent, and completely recyclable.
4. Raw- materials
Some other raw -materials are polyethylene, High-density
polyethylene(HDPE).
Some plastic bottles contain small amount of Bisphenol A (BPA).
5. Synthesis route (PET)
An “ester” is the reaction product of an organic acid and an organic
base.
PET formed by reacting ethylene glycol (base) and terephthalic acid
Condensation polymerization reaction
Largest use in injection blow molded
6. Manufacturing process & Technology
For making a plastic bottles Blow molding mostly use.
Blow molding is a manufacturing process by which hollow
plastic bottles are formed.
In general, there are three main types of blow molding: extrusion
blow molding, injection blow molding, and injection stretch blow
molding.
7. Manufacturing process & Technology
The blow molding process begins with melting down the plastic
and forming. Blow molding is a manufacturing process by which
hollow plastic parts(bottles) are formed.
A section of molten polymer tubing is extruded into an open
mold.
By means of compressed air or steam the plastic is then blown
into the configuration of the mold.
8. Manufacturing process & Technology
Injection blow molding is generally suitable for smaller
containers and absolutely no handles ware.
Injection blow molding is often used for containers that have
close tolerance threaded necks, wide mouth openings,and highly
styled shapes.
The air is injected into the plastic at a rate between 75 to 150 PSI.
9. Manufacturing process & Technology
Injection molding can be broken down into three stages.
The first stage is where the melted plastic is injected into a split steel
mold cavity from the screw extruder.
The mold produces a preform parison which resembles a test tube
with a screw finish on the top.
The preform is then transferred on a core rod to the second part of the
injection blow molding stage. The preform is then placed inside
another cold and usually aluminum blow mold cavity.
10. Manufacturing process & Technology
Air is then injected through the core rod till the preform takes the
shape of the cavity.
While still on the core rod, the container is then transferred to a
desired location for the third stage, where it is ejected from the
machine.
12. properties
plastic bottles can take a beating. Versatile and durable.
It can be recycle and reuse.
Easily disposable.
Thermoplastic in nature.
13. Various plastic bottles
Carbonated drinks bottles are made from Polyethylene
terephthalate(PET).
Detergent bottles are made from High-density
polyethylene(HDPE).
Bottle caps are made from Polypropylene(PP).
During process various types of ingrediants like Fillers
Plasticizers, Colorants should be added.
14. Applications
packing of Edible oils
packing of jams and sauces
packing of Butter, syrups and Drinking water having capacity
from 500ml to 2 lit.
16. Recycling process
This process divided into four stages.
1. plastic bottles puts into the appropriate recycling container or
local recycling point.
2. The plastic is then taken to a sorting facility where it is baled
and taken to a processing facility.
3. At the processing facility infra-red technology is used to sort
the mixed bottles into their separate types
4. The bottles are then shredded into either plastic flakes (PET) or
granules (HDPE)
5. Flakes and granules are then melted and processed with various
techniques and returned to the manufacturers of plastic bottles.
