1. Jagannath Institute of Management Sciences
Vasant Kunj-II, New Delhi - 110070
Subject Name: Presentation
Department of Journalism and Mass Communication
Created By: Tanisha Poddar

2. Subject: Presentation
Topic: Substance abuse among youth

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4. Topic to be covered
• Introduction
• History of substance abuse
• Substance abuse among youth
• Types of substance abuse
• Signs and symptoms of substance abuse
• Causes of substance abuse
• Effects of substance abuse
• What is substance abuse addiction among youth
• Conclusion

5. INTRODUCTION
▰ Substance abuse refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs. The use of
psychoactive substances causes significant health and social problems for the people who use them, and also for others in their
families and communities. Substances of abuse include alcohol, opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, hallucinogens, prescription and over-
the-counter drug abuse. (Psychoactive substances are substances that, when taken in or administered into one's system, affect mental
processes).
▰ Psychoactive substance use poses a significant threat to the health, social and economic aspects of families, communities
and nations. Globally, the prevalence of alcohol use disorders is significantly higher than the prevalence of drug use
disorders. Generally, alcohol and drug use disorders are more common among males than among females. According to
the World Health Organisation Report 2002 (WHO), 8.9% of the total burden of disease is due to use of psychoactive
substances; tobacco accounted for 4.1%, alcohol 4%, and illicit drugs 0.8% of the burden of disease .There are 2 billion
alcohol users, 1.3 billion smokers and 185 million drug users globally (WHO 2002). These three psychoactive substances
have different disease burden on different age groups. Illicit drug use causes mortality earliest in life, alcohol also mainly
(65%) before the age of 60, while 70% of the tobacco deaths occur after the age of 60.

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7. HISTORY OF SUBSTANCEABUSE
The history of substance abuse is an interesting story involving religion, medicine, enjoyment, and
pain. People have managed their use of substances throughout humanity’s history, but there have always
been the few who fell victim throughout the ages, people began to recognize the issues and symptoms rising
in men, women, and their children involving substance abuse.
to the addictive qualities of tThe history of substance abuse is a tale that begun long ago and is a long, long
road. In early human civilizations people used substances as sacraments in religious ceremonies and for
other spiritual purposes. They used these to produce visions and dull the pain of ritual mutilation. People
have long grown, extracted, and created harmful and addictive substances for trade and profit. Recently as
these substances have become more easily and readily available people have begun abusing substances to
great detriment to themselves and others. This the history of substance abuse, the growing prevalence and
eventual abuse in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was difficult for police forces to hold people
accountable when they themselves did not automobile transportation.
With the advent of farming and the domestication of plants, people were growing these interesting
substances that made them feel different and learned fermentation processes as well. These home
remedies continued to spread before a medical community regulated the production and distribution of
substances. The silk road trade route of East Asia made it easy for these substances to be passed from
region to region.

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9. SUBSTANCEABUSEAMONGYOUTH
Substance abuse and problematic patterns of substance use among youth can lead to
problems at school, cause or aggravate physical and mental health-related issues, promote
poor peer relationships, cause motor-vehicle accidents, and place stress on the family. They
can also develop into lifelong issues such as substance dependence, chronic health problems,
and social and financial consequences.
Substance abuse amongst teenagers is a global menace. Millions of youths are seriously
engaging in drug and substance abuse posing a threat to the future generation. Youths across
the world have now tested all kinds of drugs including cigarettes and alcohol to hard drugs like
cocaine, cannabis, and heroin.
Youths have been doing drugs and thus creating serious addiction that further interferes with
their personal as well as affecting people close to them. Despite acknowledging the adverse
effects of drug abuse, youths have continuously kept on abusing drugs. Therefore, this essay
seeks to identify major causes and effects related to drug misuse in teenagers.

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11. TYPESOF SUBSTANCEABUSE
There are three types of substance abuse:-
TABACCO
ALCOHOL
DRUGS
▰ TABACCO
In the mid-twentieth century smoking in the United States was often associated with romance, relaxation, and
adventure; movie stars oozed glamour on screen while smoking, and movie tough guys were never more
masculine than when lighting up. Songs such as "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" topped the hit parade. Smoking
became a rite of passage for many young males and a sign of increasing independence for women.Today, a
smoker is more likely to ask for permission before lighting up, and the answer is often "no." Because of health
concerns, smoking has been banned on airplanes, in hospitals, and in many workplaces, restaurants, and
bars.

12. ▰ ALCOHOL
Alcohol is a psychoactive substance with dependence-producing properties that has been widely used in
many cultures for centuries. The harmful use of alcohol causes a large disease, social and economic burden
in societies.
The harmful use of alcohol can also result in harm to other people, such as family members, friends, co-
workers and strangers. Moreover, the harmful use of alcohol results in a significant health, social and
economic burden on society at large.
Alcohol consumption is a causal factor in more than 200 disease and injury conditions. Drinking alcohol is
associated with a risk of developing health problems such as mental and behavioural disorders, including
alcohol dependence, major non communicable diseases such as liver cirrhosis, some cancers and
cardiovascular diseases, as well as injuries resulting from violence and road clashes and collisions.
A significant proportion of the disease burden attributable to alcohol consumption arises from unintentional
and intentional injuries, including those due to road traffic crashes, violence, and suicides, and fatal alcohol-
related injuries tend to occur in relatively younger age groups.
The latest causal relationships are those between harmful drinking and incidence of infectious diseases
such as tuberculosis as well as the incidence and course of HIV/AIDS. Alcohol consumption by an expectant
mother may cause fetal alcohol syndrome and pre-term birth complications.

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14. DRUGS
A drug is any substance that causes a change in an organism's physiology or psychology when
consumed. Drugs are typically distinguished from food and substances that provide nutritional support.
Consumption of drugs can be via inhalation, injection, smoking, ingestion, absorption via a patch on the
skin, suppository, or dissolution under the tongue.
In pharmacology, a drug is a chemical substance, typically of known structure, which, when administered to a
living organism, produces a biological effect. A pharmaceutical drug, also called a medication or medicine, is a
chemical substance used to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose a disease or to promote well-being. Traditionally
drugs were obtained through extraction from medicinal plants, but more recently also by organic
synthesis. Pharmaceutical drugs may be used for a limited duration, or on a regular basis for chronic
disorders.

15. SIGNSOF SUBSTANCEABUSE
When you first start taking a substance, you may think you can control how much you use. But over time, you may need more of the drug to
get the same feeling or effect. For some people, that can lead beyond abuse to addiction. Signals that you may have a problem with substance
abuse include if you
Physical signs and symptoms
Behavioral signs and symptoms
Psychological signs
physical signs
If someone misuses drugs or alcohol, they may exhibit numerous physical signs of drug abuse. Some of these signs may be
readily apparent while others are hidden, disguised or occur as gradual changes.
Signs
Frequent runny nose (common with cocaine addiction)
Tremors or seizures
Loss of physical coordination
Extreme lethargy
Chemical odor on breath or clothes
Pinpoint pupils
Bloodshot eyes
Changes in weight
Changes in appetite and eating habits
Irregular sleeping patterns
Marks on skin
Poor personal hygiene

16. Behavioral signs
In addition to changes in their physical appearance, a person who misuses drugs or alcohol may act like a different person,
too. There are just as many behavioral signs and symptoms; and some of the most significant include:
Signs
Changes in activities or hobbies
Shifts in social circles
Decreased participation in family activities
Repeated lying, dishonesty or deceit
Legal issues
Secretive behavior
Self-isolation
Neglecting responsibilities
Financial issues

17. Psychological Signs
When someone misuses drugs or alcohol, they may look and act in
uncharacteristic ways, and they may also think and feel differently than
they normally do. Psychological signs of drug abuse can include changes
in a person’s thought patterns, attitudes, beliefs and priorities.
Changes in personality traits
Mental illness like depression or anxiety
Paranoid, fearful or obsessive thoughts
Negative self-image
Dismal outlook on or attitude toward life
Withdrawing emotionally from loved ones
Lack of motivation
Feelings of apathy or disinterest

18. CAUSES OF SUBSTANCEABUSE
There are certain life circumstances, particularly among younger users, that are risk factors for, rather than the
direct cause of, drug abuse. Parental abuse and neglect are commonly seen as part of the cause of drug abuse.
An adolescent or pre-adolescent may be trying to gain attention from an inattentive parent or escape an abusive
one by using drugs; prolonged be a cause of drug abuse. A drug user, or the presence of drugs in the home,
can also be a major cause of drug abuse.
Unstable home environment, often due to drug abuse or mental illness of the parent
A poor relationship with parents
Use of drugs by friends/peers
Permissive attitude towards their own drug use and the drug use of the adolescent
Behavioral problems combined with poor parenting
Poor achievement in school
Apparent ambivalence or approval of drug use in the school, peer group or community
Availability of drugs from friends

19. EFFECTSOF SUBSTANCEABUSE
Substance abuse don’t just affect your physical body and health, they can affect your mental health, your finances, your
relationships, your social life and your criminal record.
▰ Mental health
Studies show that drug use increases your risk of mental health issues such as anxiety, depression and psychosis. People with
mental health issues also have a higher rate of drug use problems.
▰ Financial issues
Some drugs can be very expensive — the street price of illicit drugs depends on availability and demand. If you have become
dependent on a drug, you could end up in financial trouble.
Illicit drug use causes a significant burden to the Australian economy. For example, the estimated total social costs for
methamphetamine alone are around $5 billion annually — through crime, loss of productivity and increased health care costs.
▰ Respiratory problems
Drugs that people smoke or inhale can damage the respiratory system and lead to chronic respiratory infections and diseases.
Opioids slow a person’s breathing by binding to specific receptors in the central nervous system that regulate respiration. By
depressing a person’s respiration, these drugs can lead to slow breathing or heavy snoring.
A person may stop breathing entirely if they take a large dose of an opioid or take it alongside other drugs, such as sleep aids or
alcohol.
▰ Kidney damage
The kidneys filter excess minerals and waste products from the blood. Heroin, ketamine, and synthetic cannabinoids can cause
kidney damage or kidney failure.
▰ Liver disease
Chronic drug and alcohol use can damage the liver cells, leading to inflammation, scarring, and even liver failure.

20. Conclusion
At last I would like to say that in take of substance abuse like Alcohl , tabacco , and drugs among youth is
increasing day by day . They should avoid the usage as it have a lot of concequence it do effect on their
health .
There should be strict law for the prohibition of alcohl , tabacco , and durgs
It not only effect them by only health wise but financially also
Because substance abuse and delinquency are inextricably interrelated, identifying substance-abusing youth in the juvenile
justice system is an important first step for intervening in both their substance abuse and their delinquent behavior. Drug
identification strategies, followed by effective interventions, help prevent further illicit drug use and delinquency. Drug testing
can be a constructive means of helping youth overcome denial of their substance abuse. As a part of intervention, drug
testing can be used to help youth achieve and maintain recovery and curtail other deviant behaviors. Over time, effective
drug identification will help juvenile justice agencies achieve the goals of a balanced approach including community
protection, youth accountability, and competency development

21. Thank You !!