2. 4G Definition
4G is not one defined technology or standard,
but rather a collection of technologies at
creating fully packet-switched networks
optimized for data.
4G Networks are projected to provide speed
of 100Mbps while moving and 1Gbps while
stationary.
3. 0G (Zero Generation Mobile System)
At the end of the 1940’s, the first radio telephone
service was introduced, and was designed to users in
cars to the public land-line based telephone network.
In the 1960’s, a system launched by Bell Systems,
called, Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS),
brought quite a few improvements such as direct
dialing and more bandwidth. The very first analog
systems were based upon IMTS and were created in
the late 60s and early 70s.
4. 1G Technology
1G refers to the first-generation of wireless
telephone technology was developed in
1970’s.
1G had two major improvements:
the invention of the microprocessor
the digital transform of the control link between
the phone and the cell site.
Analog signal
5. Generations In Wireless
Communication
First Generation ( 1G )
-> Analog
-> Simplest type to wireless data
-> Average rate between 4800 to 9600 bps
-> Based on FDMA
6. 2G Technology
Around 1980’s
Better quality & capacity - More people could
use there phones at the same time
Digital Signals – consist of 0’s & 1’s
7. Generations In Wireless
Communication
Second Generation ( 2G )
-> Digital
-> GSM (Global system for mobile communication)
-> Based on TDMA
-> Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital data
transfer
- SMS - “short message service”
- E-mail
-> 2.5G networks, such as GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service)
8. Previous Technology - 2G
Digital – consist of 0’s and 1’s
Digital signal:
1.Low level, 2.High level, 3.Rising edge
and 4.Falling edge
9. Previous Technology - 2G
Digital data can be compressed and multiplexed
much more effectively than analog voice
encodings
Multiplexing -multiple analog message signals or
digital data streams are combined into one signal
For 1 and 2G standards, bandwidth maximum is
9.6 Kbit/sec, (I.E) approximately 6 times slower
than an ISDN
10. Previous Technology - 2G
Allows for lower powered radio signals that
require less battery
Power–CODEC introduction -program that
encodes and decodes digital data stream or
signal
Translates data from digital to analog and vice
versa
12. Advantages in Previous
Technology - 2G
The digital voice encoding allows digital error
checking
increase sound quality
lowers the noise level
Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of
digital data transfer
SMS –“short message service”
E-mail
13. Disadvantages in Previous
Technology - 2G
Cell towers had a limited coverage area
Jagged Decay curve
Abrupt dropped calls
Analog –gradual sound reduction
“Spotty” coverage
14. Generations In Wireless
Communication
Third Generation ( 3G )
-> Promise faster communications services
(Including voice, fax and Internet)
-> Increased spectrum efficiency
-> Based on CDMA & TD-SCDMA
-> Supports 144 Kbps bandwidth, with high speed movement
(e.g. vehicles), 384 Kbps (e.g. on campus) & 2 Mbps for
stationary (e.g.in building )
-> 3G systems are referred to as Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS) in Europe and
International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT2000)
worldwide.
15. 3G Technology
Large capacity and broadband capabilities
Allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile
systems and up to 2Mbps
Increased spectrum efficiency –5Mhz
A greater number of users that can be
simultaneously supported by a radio frequency
bandwidth
High data rates at lower incremental cost than
2G–Global roaming
16. Previous Technology - 3G
CDMA –Code Division Multiple Access
Form of multiplexing
Does not divide up the channel by time or
frequency
Encodes data with a special code associated with
each channel
18. Technology
1G
2G
3G
4G
Analog voice,
Synchronous
data to 9.6
Kbps.
Digital voice,
SMS
Higher capacity,
broad band data
Up to 2 Mbps.
Higher capacity,
completely IP oriented
multimedia, data to
hundreds of megabits
Data
bandwidth
1.0 Kbps
14.4 Kbps
2 Mbps
100 + Mbps
Multiplexing
FDMA
TDMA
CDMA
OFDM
Service
19. Mobile VoIP
• “Voice Over Internet Protocol”
• Allows only packets (IP) to be transferred eliminating complexity of
2 protocols over the same circuit
• All voice data will be wrapped up in a packet
- Lower latency data transmission (faster transmission)
• Samples voice between 8,000 & 64,000 times per second and
creates stream of bits which is then compressed and put into a
packet.
• Increases battery life due to greater data compression
20. Introduction To 4G
-> Known as Beyond 3G / Fourth Generation Technology
-> MAGIC
- Mobile multimedia
- Anytime anywhere
- Global mobility support
- Integrated wireless solution
- Customized personal service
-> A 4G system will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data
and streamed multimedia can be given to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, and
at higher data rates than previous generations.
-> 4G : Convergence of High Speed Internet & Mobility
-> 3GPP is currently standardizing LTE Advanced as future 4G standard. LTE Advanced
will be standardized as part of the Release 10 of the 3GPP specification this year.
22. Types of Multiplexing
FDMA – Frequency Division Multiple Access
Each phone call is allocated one frequency for the
entire duration of the call
23. Types of Multiplexing
TDMA - Time Division Multiple Access
Each phone call is allocated a spot in the
frequency for a small amount of time, and "takes
turns" being transmitted
24. Types of Multiplexing
CDMA - Code Division Multiple Access
Each phone call is uniquely encoded and
transmitted across the entire spectrum, in a
manner known as spread spectrum transmission
25. Reasons for New Research
Even though 3G hhas successfully been
introduced to mobile users ,there are some
issues that are debated by 3G providers and
users.
High input fees for the 3G service licenses.
Greate differences in the licensing terms.
3G phones are expensive
27. What is 4G?
Fourth Generation Technology
Faster and more reliable
100 Mb/s
Lower cost than previous generations
Multi-standard wireless system
Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless
Ad Hoc Networking
IPv6 Core
OFDM used instead of CDMA
Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n
Most information is proprietary
28. Communications Architecture
Broadcast layer:
fix access points, (i.e.) cell tower connected by
fiber, microwave, or satellite (ISP)
Ad-hoc/hot-spot layer:
wireless LANs (i.e. internet at Starbuck’s)
29. Communications Architecture
Personal Layer Gateway:
devices that connect to upper layers; cell phone, fax,
voice, data modem, MP3 players, PDAs
Info-Sensor layer:
environmental sensors
Fiber-optic wire layer:
high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber optic cables
and repeaters
30. Software-Defined Radio (SDR)
-> SDR is one form of open wireless architecture (OWA).
-> Since 4G is a collection of wireless standards, the final
form of a 4G device will constitute various standards.
This can be efficiently realized using SDR technology,
which is categorized to the area of the radio
convergence.
31. Ad Hoc Networks
Spontaneous self
organization of
networks of devices
Not necessarily
connected to internet
4G will create hybrid
wireless networks using
Ad Hoc networks
Form of mesh
networking–Very
reliable
32. Features
• Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet,
and other broadband services
• Fully IP based mobile system
• High speed, high capacity, and low cost‐per‐bit
• Global access, service portability, and scalable mobile services
• Seamless switching, and a variety of Quality of Service
• Better scheduling and call‐admission‐control techniques
• Ad‐hoc and multi‐hop networks
• Better spectral efficiency
• Seamless network of multiple protocols and air interfaces (since 4G
will be all‐IP, 4G systems to be compatible with all common networ
technologies, including 802.11, WCDMA, Bluetooth, and Hyper
LAN).
• Interoperability with existing wireless standards
• An all IP, packet switched network
33. 4G In India
In India, the government hopes to raise around $9 billion from the
3G and BWA auctions, foreign telephone‐companies are eager to
unfurl a new technology — TD‐LTE —which is akin to 4G
technology.
US‐based Qualcomm and Sweden's Ericson aim on TD‐LTE, hoping
that it will help them to gain market in India, the world's fastest
growing mobile market. Qualcomm is to participate in the
broadband wireless access (BWA) spectrum auction. If it does
secure its bid in the auction, India could well become the first
country after China to roll out TD‐LTE.
TD‐LTE, or Time Division Long Term Evolution, caters to peak
download speeds of 100 Mbps on mobile phones, compared to the
20 Mbps for 3G and 40 Mbps for WiMax. LTE brings to the table
additional spectrum, more capacity, lower cost, and is essential to
take mobile broadband to the mass market.
34. Enhance Mobile Gaming
Experience enhance wireless capabilities that
deliver mobile gaming interaction with less
than five seconds
Play online multi player games while
traveling at high speeds or sitting outside
35. Broadband access in Remote
location
4G will provide a wireless alternative for
broadband access
I will provide first opportunity for broadband
access in remote locations without an
infrastructure to support cable or DSL access.
36. Software‐Defined Radio (SDR)
‐> SDR is one form of open wireless architecture (OWA).
‐> Since 4G is a collection of wireless standards, the final
form of a 4G device will constitute various standards.
This can be efficiently realized using SDR technology,
which is categorized to the area of the radio
convergence.
37. Software‐Defined Radio (SDR)
‐> SDR is one form of open wireless architecture (OWA).
‐> Since 4G is a collection of wireless standards, the final
form of a 4G device will constitute various standards.
This can be efficiently realized using SDR technology,
which is categorized to the area of the radio convergence.
