A report presented by different individuals from the school of Eastern Samar State University-Guiuan. I hope that students can use it in their studies to.

1. A Closer Look at the
Educational Systems of the
Selected Countries of the
World

2. "To become a global teacher
you should be equipped with a
wider range of knowledge of
the various educational
systems outside the country."

3. “Benchmarking is learning the
best from the best practices of
the world's best educational
systems.”

4. “As a future teacher, you shall be
guided by UNESCO's principle on
the four pillars that Education is
for All and that this education is
anchored on the Four Pillars
which are: 1. Learning to Know, 2.
Learning to Do, 3. Learning to Be,
and 4. Learning to Live together.”

5. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
OF
AUSTRALIA

6. a. Basic Education
•Australia, called by many as the last
paradise on earth, has a high quality
educational system.
•Many students from all over the world
go to Australia to study.
• The educational system in Australia is
similar with that of Canada and
England.

7. •Primary Schools are for six years, high
school, six years and college or university,
three to six years. High school is divided into
junior high school (year 7- year 10) and
senior high school (year 11- year 12) but
these vary from state to state.
•During the junior high school studies, most
Australian students decide what to do after
high school. Students who intend to go to
college or university entrance examination.
Other students may get a job after year 10
or go to a Technical and Further Education
(TAFE) College to learn technical skills.

8. •The entry age of compulsory education is
6 years old and exit age, 15 years old.
•Primary education is provided by
government and non-government primary
schools. The length of the program is six
years for six years old to twelve years old
children. However, in most states, children
start primary school at the age of five
when they enroll in preparatory or
kindergarten year.

9. •After the primary school, the junior
secondary level which is for four years
comes next. The age level of children
in this level is from 12 to 16 years old.
At the end of the junior secondary
level, a Junior Secondary Certificate
of Education (Year 10 Certificate) is
awarded. The government, non-
government Co-Educational
Comprehensive/Multi-Purpose High
School provides junior secondary
level of education.

10. •A senior secondary level is provided
for two years after the junior secondary
level. Students are from 16 to 18 years
old in this level. Senior secondary level
is no longer compulsory education. It is
being offered by government and
non-government providers. A senior
Secondary Certificate of Education
(Year 12 Certificate) is awarded at the
end of the senior secondary level.

11. •From the primary to the secondary
levels, most students are enrolled in
government schools which operate
under the direct responsibility of the
State or Territory Education Minister.
•The federal government provides
supplementary financial support.

15. b. Higher Education
The main purpose of Australian Higher
Education are:
1. to enable individuals to develop their
capabilities for effective participation in
the workforce, for constructive
contribution to society and for personal
growth and fulfillment;
2. to advance knowledge and
understanding;

16. 3. aid the application of knowledge and
understanding for the benefit of the
economy and the society;
4. enable individuals to adapt and learn,
consistent with the needs of an
adaptable knowledge-based economy
at the local, regional and national levels;
5. contribute to democratic civilized
society.

17. •Australian universities are autonomous
self-accredited institutions established
by Federal, State or Territory legislation.
• Academic year in Australia begins
with the undergraduate level. To be
admitted, a Senior Secondary
Certificate of Education is required.
The main stage of the university
education leads to a bachelor's
degree

18. •Undergraduate studies last between
three, (Arts, Science, Commerce)
four years (Education, Engineering)
five years, (Veterinary Science,
Dentistry, Architecture) and six years
(Medicine and Surgery) full time. Arts
and Science usually offer either a
bachelor's degree (Pass) obtained in
four years. An honours degree is
normally required for university level
second stage: postgraduate studies.

19. •A graduate with a bachelor's degree
can proceed to a one-year to two-
year post graduate course leading to
a postgraduate diploma. A student
who has qualified for a bachelor's
degree (Honours) may proceed to a
master's degree. This degree may be
obtained after one year (Pass Degree)
or two years (Honours degree) of full
time study.

20. •A student who has qualified for a
bachelor's degree (honours) may
proceed to study for doctorate
usually Ph.D. , higher doctorate in
science (DSsc) or Humanities (DLitt)
upon submission of published work
are awarded the degrees.

22. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
OF
CHINA

23. •The most populous country of the
world is China. With over 200 million
students attending public schools
taught by over 9 million teachers in the
elementary, junior, and senior high
schools, it is the largest educational
system of the world (Wang, 1996;
Nanjundiah, 1996).
•The course syllabi are written by
scientists and professors hired by the
National Educational Commission.

24. •The subject matter and instructional contents
are uniform for all. The first six years of school
make up the primary grades which is devoted to
development of cognitive skills, and this is
followed by another six years of high schools.
•Class size ranged from 40 to 60 students and the
students have to cover all topics in order to pass
national examinations. Students wishing to
attend university must pass one of the two
versions of the National University Entrance
Examination. The quality and reputation of the
school will depend on the number of students
passing the examination (Changbin, 1995;
Kwang, 2000)

25. •Education, one of the fundamental
Chinese traditions entered to a new era of
deep transformation after 1949. Education
was used as a vital tool for centralization
and unification of the country. The new
educational system include:
1. six years of primary education
2. Three years of junior middle
school, three years of senior middle school
3. Six years of university
4. Varieties of technical and vocation
schools.

32. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
IN
JAPAN

33. •The Japanese education system is highly
centralized and is administered by the
Mombusho or Ministry of Education. The
school system from kindergarten through
university serves about million students,
with about ten percent going to the
university.
•About one third go to the private
schools and the rest are enrolled in the
public of national school system (Abner,
2002)

34. •The Japanese educational system is
sometimes seen as a model of how
operate schools. The system gives a
mental picture of obedient, quiet school
children sitting on their desks, listening to
the teacher and working hard to pass
various entrance examinations.
•In 2005, a book Japan in the 21st
Century: Environment, Economy and
Society says:

35. " Japan's educational system produces students
who perform for better on international
examinations than Americans do, and Japanese
students are indisputably among the best in the
world in solving mathematical
equations...Youngsters are well behaved, envied
around and law abiding; Japan's low crime rates
are well known and widely envied around the
world. But what is even more striking than the
lack of crime is the overwhelming civility; graffiti
and vandalism are rare and schools sports teams
not only bow to each other before the game but
rush over the opposing team's stand after the
game to pay their respect."

36. a. Basic Education Structure
of Japanese Educational
System
• The Japanese educational system is
divided into five basic levels:
kindergarten, elementary school (six
years) lowers secondary school (three
years) upper secondary (three years)
and university (usually around four
years).

37. •There are also preschool (yochien) with
mainly female teachers. These are not
official part of the educational system.
Prefectural boards license teachers,
appoints teachers to public elementary
and secondary schools and also license
preschools in their area.
•In Japan, education is free and
compulsory for children 6 to 15 years.
Classes are large and teaching methods is
usually lecture. Japanese students spend
243 days in a year in school. The school
calendar is year-round with some breaks
between sessions.

38. •Standard curriculum includes Japanese
language, social studies, math and
science along with art, music, home
economics, physical education, and the
most emphasis being given to learning the
Japanese language.
•Lower secondary schools cover grade
seven, eight and nine. Men compose two-
thirds of the teachers in this level. Class
size average 38 and the periods are fifty
minutes long.

39. •Upper secondary schools offer
academic, technical and vocational
programs. The first year courses
included Japanese language, English,
Science and Math. Vocational course
includes information processing,
navigation, fish farming, ceramics and
business English. The upper secondary
schools are ranked based on their
success in placing graduating students
into prestigious universities.

45. b. Higher Education
•Junior colleges by women who want to
pursue courses stress home economics,
nursing, teaching, humanities and social
science.
•There are various universities that
students can attend in Japan. Private
institutions make up 80% of university
enrollments although the public schools
have the most prestige.

46. •To get into the universities (there are
more than 500) the student must take
two exams; the first one is a national
achievement test and the second one
is given by the university itself. The
competition is quite fierce and some
students who fail the test will take
another year to study and prepare to
take the test again. These students are
called ronin, which meant samurai.

47. •Sixty percent of the universities
have graduate schools, but only
seven percent of university
graduate gets Master's degrees.
At the doctorate level, students
enroll in medical programs and
the humanities.

48. •Japanese education relies upon
examinations to determine which schools
the student will go to next, resulting in a
push by students and parents (usually
mothers) for their children to study very
hard for the test so that he or she can get
into the best schools. The entire
educational system seems to be built on a
principle that if you do well in exams, you
will get into good schools or universities
and automatically into a good life-time
job.

52. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
OF
SOUTH AFRICA

53. In South Africa, the Constitution guarantees
equal access to basic education. The
identified values and principles to South
African education include equity and redress,
access to basic education opportunities for
lifelong learning, quality, in terms of providing
learners with learning opportunities of
acceptable standards, efficiency,
democratic participation, sustainability of
development and relevance of education.
The Ministry of Education in May 1994 was
tasked to deal with education and training at
the national level.

54. a. Structure and organization
of the educational system in
basic education
•Formal education in South Africa is
categorized into sectors or levels. These
sectors are closely linked to particular
levels: namely, public ordinary school
education, independent school
education, special school
education, technical college
education, teacher training and
university training.

55. •A public school may be an ordinary public
school or a public school for learners with
special educational needs. The levels are pre-
primary, primary, secondary and higher
education.
•Compulsory General Education and Training
(GET) covers the reception year, Grades R to
Grades IX. The General Education and Training
corresponds to Level 1 of the National
Qualification Framework (NQF) and is divided
into three phases: foundation (Grades R-III)
intermediate (Grades-VI) and senior (Grades VII-
IX). As a rule, children start primary education is
divided into junior primary (Grades I-III) and
senior primary (Grades IV-VI).

56. •Grades VII-IX is the last stage of
compulsory education and will lead to
General Education and Training
Certificate. Further Education and
Training (FET) or senior secondary
education (Grades X-XII) is not
compulsory. At the end of Grade XII,
students sit a public examination leading
to senior Certificate. Technical secondary
education which generally lasts for three
years are offered in technical centers,
high schools and vocational schools.

57. •The eight learning areas that form the
basis of all basic education up to the
Further Education Training(FET) Certificate
are:
* Language, Literacy and
Communication
* Mathematical Literacy, mathematics
and Mathematical Science
* Natural Science
* Technology
* Human and Social Science
* Economics and Management Science
* Arts and Culture
* Life Orientation

62. b. Higher Educational System
Tertiary and higher education correspond
to Level 5-8 of the National Qualification
Framework (NQF) which is used more
advanced than the Senior Certificate.
Institutions of higher education include
colleges, technikons and universities. Most
colleges of education offer a three-year
programme leading to the Diploma in
Education (four year for higher diplomas).
Nursing colleges and hospital schools of
nursing offer four-year course leading to a
diploma.

63. Agricultural colleges offer one-year
certificate, two-year higher certificate and
three –year diploma courses. Technikons
also offer bachelor‟s (four-year course)
masters and doctoral degrees (magister
technologiae) usually require a minimum of
one year of study, the doctorates
(Laureatus in Technology/Doctor
Technologiae) at least two years. An
honours degree requires one additional
year of study. A master‟s degree is
obtained after one or two year of study
and the minimum time to complete a
doctorate is two years.

64. •One school year consists of forty-one
week (196 school days) which is divided
into four terms.
•Other relevant sectors of the
educational structure include special
education, private education or
independent schools, adult and non-
formal education and HIV/AIDS
education.

66. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
IN UNITED KINGDOM

67. •In England, education is compulsory for
children ages 5-16.
•Most children attend primary schools
until they are eleven and the transfer to
secondary schools. In the primary school
the subjects are taught by the same
teacher for a year before moving on to
the next teacher and next grade level
on the next year.(Sadker,2002)

68. •The National Curriculum is defined as the
minimum educational requirement for
compulsory school age, 5 to 16 years. It is
mandatory for all state schools to provide a
balanced broadly based curriculum which
promotes spiritual, moral, cultural, mental
and physical development, prepares them
for opportunities, responsibilities and
experiences of adult life. It includes religious
education and for secondary students sex
and career education. Almost all the
schools whether private or state choose to
follow the national curriculum.

69. a. Basic education
•The national curriculum core subjects
include English, Mathematics, and Science.
Each key level has definite emphasis that
gradually becomes more advanced as the
level progresses.
•Foundation Stage- this is included in the
national curriculum which covers children
aged 3-5 years, but does not have a strong
mandate as to what needs to happen
during these years of schooling as it is not
yet mandatory.

70. •Key Stage One- it includes children aged 5-7
years and year groups grades 1-2. It mandates
core subjects including English, Mathematics,
and Science and non-core foundation subjects
as design/technology, history, art/design, music
and physical education. Other statutory areas
are religious education, the format of which is
decided by local education authorities (LEA‟S) or
by the faith in which the school was founded.
•Key Stage Two- it includes children aged 7-11
and year groups 3-6. It mandates the same core
and non-core foundation subjects, with more
emphasis on more difficult topics and the
addition of sex education to additional statutory
areas which is left up to the policy of school
governors (school board).

71. •Key Stage Three- it includes children aged 11-14
years and year groups 7-9. It mandates the
same basics in Key Stages One and Two, but
adds Foreign Language, and Information/
Communication Technology to the mix while
adding appropriate difficulty to the core
subjects.
•Key Stage Four- it includes those aged 14-16
and year groups 10-11. It covers the statutory
program that must be taught to all students.
Most schools include in their core curriculum
courses that lead to qualifications in each of the
five subject areas which are English, Math,
Science, Information and Communication
Technology (ICT), and Physical education.

72. •Post 16 Education- it is not mandatory in England. Students
can either continue education or enter working world. Some
secondary schools go beyond the 11-16 mandates to 11-18
and the student may stay there. If the high school does not
offer these „Sixth Form‟ extra years, the student may go to a
“Further Education College” (FEC). The following certificates
or diploma can be awarded in the Post 16 Education.
General Certificate of Education (GCE), a level comprising
advanced subsidiary (AS) and A2, each of these usually
containing three assessed units.
Vocational Certificate of Education (VCE) --- a
level, dealing with the more applied aspects of the subject;
they are available in three, six, and twelve unit sizes; they
replaced the advanced
General National Vocational Qualifications (GNVQs).
Foundation and Intermediate GNVQ are widely used 16-19.
Key skills qualifications at levels 1-4 of the National
Qualifications framework.

73. Basic Education

78. b. Higher Education
•In 1992, the binary divide in the higher education
system was abolished. Former polytechnics
became universities enabling them to award their
own degrees. Divisions continue to label pre-1992
universities as the “old” universities and the former
polytechnics as the “new” universities. Universities
are not only concerned with the undergraduate
and postgraduate teaching. Higher education
system in the UK needs to include reference to the
Open University as a major provider of the
undergraduate and postgraduate degrees for
adults. The Open University pioneered the way for
opening access by offering greater flexibility for
adult learners through distance learning programs.

79. •Students studying at a university for their first
degree are called “undergraduates”. Once a
student has graduated, he/she becomes a
“graduate” of the university. Ordinary degree
programmes in the UK universities are usually 3-
year courses. Undergraduates completing these
programmes successfully are awarded either a
Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) or Bachelor of Science (B.
Sc.) degrees are not permitted to place B.A. or
B.Sc after their names.
•Honours degree programmes are usually four-
year courses. The degree title is extended to
B.A. (Hons.) and B.Sc. (Hons.), respectively.

80. •Masters degree is usually achieved after
two more years study following an
Ordinary or an Honour degree. The
students are awarded M.A. or M.Sc.
•A doctorate is normally awarded after
several years (three years full time) of
research under the direction of a
member of a department of a possession
of a doctorate and the presentation of a
doctoral dissertation or thesis.

81. Higher Education

86. EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
OF THE UNITED STATES
OF AMERICA

87. The levels of education in the U.S. are
similar to those in other countries. There are
public and private colleges, schools and
universities in the United States. The public
schools are funded, in part, by a
city, and/or state, and or state pay less
tuition because some tax money is used to
subsidize the tuition. Non U.S. residents
would pay more, since they would not be
residents of the city or state where the
college or university is located. Private
colleges and universities are supported
primarily by tuition and private contributions.
All students must pay the same tuition no
matter where they come from.

88. a. Structure and Organization
of Basic Education
Pre-primary education- types of school
providing this education are
kindergartens, nursery schools, preschool
programmes, and child/day care centers.
Age level is 4-6 years old and the duration
is 2 years.
Primary education- elementary school-
there is varied levels of schooling in the
primary education.

89. •Grades 1-4- children are from ages 6 to
10.
•Transition to middle school
•Grades 1 to 5- children are from ages 6
to 11
•Transition to middle school
•Grades 1-6- children are from ages 6 to
12
•Transition to junior high school
•Grades 1-7- children ages 6 to 14
•Transitions to junior high school

90. Middle school education- Grades 4-6,
5-7, or 6-8.
•Age level is from 10-14
•Length of the program is 3 years.

91. Secondary education- high school- Grades
7-12 or 8-12
•Ages 12-18 years old
•High school diploma is awarded
•2 levels
Junior high school
Grades 7-8, 7-9, or 8-9
•Ages 12-14 years old
Senior high school
Grades 9-12, or 10-12
Ages 14-18 years old.
Duration of compulsory education is from
entry of 6 years old to exit of 18 years old.

92. Basic Education

95. b. Higher Education
Higher education in the U.S. begins at the
post secondary education. It is diverse
and autonomous community of publicly
and privately supported institutions.
Current data states that there are some
2,819 institutions offering Bachelor‟s or
higher degrees and 4,927 institutions
offering shorter non degrees of two years
duration. These higher education
institutions are classified according to the
following categories:

96. Research universities (I and II) -
Comprehensive doctorate granting
institutions that have extensive
theoretical and applied research in a
wide variety of programs.
Doctorate – granting universities (I
and II) – Universities offering
comprehensive studies but awards
Doctorate in limited fields or areas.

97. Master‟s (Comprehensive) universities
and colleges (I and II) – Institutions
offering academic and professional
programmes at the Bachelor‟s and
Master‟s levels but do not award
research doctorate.
Baccalaureate (Liberal Arts) Colleges
(I and II)- Institutions offering Bachelor‟s
degrees but not higher.

98. Associate of Arts colleges- they offer
academic and professional or occupational
studies at the Associate Degree level including
public community colleges and public and
private junior colleges.
Professional school and the other specialized
institutions- institutions that offer only one or few
related courses in the professional or academic
with degree levels from associate to research
doctorates.
Postsecondary vocational and technical
schools- institutions offering short non-degree
training programs of less than two years
duration, leading to certificates or diplomas in
occupational specialties.

99. Post secondary education- there is no real age
categories for post secondary education.
Generally, American students starts college
right after completing high school (About 60%
of all students who graduate from high school
enter college at some point in their life), Junior
and technical colleges are designed to be 4-
year programs at the undergraduate level. In
reality, the average American takes over 6
years to finish a four year degree. The reason is
that more than 50% of college freshmen do not
know what major or specialization they wish to
study. Also many students work to pay for
college expenses. Thus, they may take fewer
classes in order to work.

100. Vocational and technical schools
operate at either the high school or
junior college levels. They teach skills
such as secretarial, auto-
mechanics, photography, and
nursing.

101. College and University education- a college
usually has a Bachelor‟s (4 year) program. A
university may be composed of several colleges
(for example, the college of medicine and the
college of engineering). Universities often have
graduate programs as well. For most purposes, a
Bachelor‟s degree from a college is equivalent
to a Bachelor‟s degree from a University, so that
the two words “college” and “university” mean
the same thing to most Americans.
Generally, the value of a degree is a reflection
of how society views the particular college or
university. From a Bachelor‟s degree a student
can proceed to a graduate program for
master‟s degree or doctorate degree. For non-
residents of the U.S., a TOEFEL is required and a
Graduate Record Examination or GRE is a must.

102. Classes begin in September and end in
June of every year. The language of
instruction is English.

103. Higher Education