Need of guidance is highly essential in all the secondary schools.

1. GUIDANCE IN SECONDARY
SCHOOLS
GIRIJA SANKAR PANDA, TGT

3. GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING
• GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING ARE TWIN CONCEPTS
& HAVE EMERGED AS ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF
EVERY EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY.
• GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING ARE NOT
SYNONYMOUS TERM. COUNSELLING IS A PART OF
GUIDANCE.
• GUIDANCE, IN EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT, MEANS
TO INDICATE, POINT OUT, SHOW THE WAY, LEAD
OUT & DIRECT.
• COUNSELLING IS A SPECIALIZED SERVICE OF
GUIDANCE. IT IS THE PROCESS OF HELPING
INDIVIDUALS LEARN MORE ABOUT THEMSELVES &
THEIR PRESENT & POSSIBLE FUTURE SITUATIONS
TO MAKE A SUBSTANTIAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE
SOCIETY.

4. DEFINITION OF GUIDANCE
Guidance is an assistance made available by
a competent counselor to an individual of any
age to help him direct his own life, develop
his own point of view, make his own decision
& carry his own burden.
- Hamrin & Erikson
Guidance is a process of helping every
individual, through his own effort to discover
& develop his potentialities for his personal
happiness & social usefulness.
- Ruth Strang

5. DEFINITION OF COUNSELLING
• COUNSELING IS ESSENTIALLY A PROCESS IN
WHICH THE COUNSELOR ASSISTS THE
COUNSELEE TO MAKE INTERPRETATIONS OF
FACTS RELATING TO A CHOICE, PLAN OR
ADJUSTMENT WHICH HE NEEDS TO MAKE.
-GLENN F.SMITH
• COUNSELING IS A SERIES OF DIRECT
CONTACTS WITH THE INDIVIDUAL WHICH
AIMS TO OFFER HIM ASSISTANCE IN
CHANGING HIS ATTITUDE & BEHAVIORS.
-CARL ROGERS

6. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING
• GUIDANCE IS BROADER &
COMPREHENSIVE
• GUIDANCE IS MORE EXTERNAL, HELPS A
PERSON UNDERSTAND ALTERNATIVE
SOLUTIONS AVAILABLE TO HIM & MAKES
HIM UNDERSTAND HIS PERSONALITY &
CHOOSE THE RIGHT SOLUTION.
• GUIDANCE IS MAINLY PREVENTIVE &
DEVELOPMENTAL
• COUNSELLING IS IN-DEPTH & NARROW
• COUNSELLING HELPS PEOPLE
UNDERSTAND THEMSELVES & IS AN
INWARD ANALYSIS. ALTERNATIVE
SOLUTIONS ARE PROPOSED TO HELP
UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM AT HAND.
• COUNSELLING IS REMEDIAL AS WELL AS
PREVENTIVE &DEVELOPMENTAL

7. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING
• INTELLECTUAL ATTITUDES ARE THE
RAW MATERIAL OF GUIDANCE
• DECISION MAKING IS OPERABLE AT
AN INTELLECTUAL LEVEL IN
GUIDANCE
• GUIDANCE IS GENERALLY
EDUCATION & CAREER RELATED &
MAY ALSO BE FOR PERSONAL
PROBLEMS
• EMOTIONAL RATHER THAN PURE
INTELLECTUAL ATTITUDE ARE RAW
MATERIAL OF THE COUNSELLING
PROCESS.
• COUNSELLING OPERATES AT AN
EMOTIONAL LEVEL
• COUNSELLING IS MOSTLY OFFERED
FOR PERSONAL & SOCIAL ISSUES

8. OBJECTIVE OF GUIDANCE AT SECONDARY LEVEL
TO FAMILIARIZE CHILD
WITH DIFFERENT ASPECTS
OF NEW SCHOOL LIFE:
THE CHILDREN FACES ADJUSTMENT
PROBLEMS WHEN THEY SHIFT TO
SECONDARY STAGE LEAVING PRIMARY
SCHOOL. SO THE CHILD WILL BE
FAMILIARIZED TO DIFFERENT FACILITIES
OF SCHOOL SUCH AS LIBRARY,
LABORATORY, DISPENSARY AND OTHER
SERVICES AVAILABLE WHCH WILL MAKE
THEM COMFORTABLE.

9. OBJECTIVE OF GUIDANCE AT SECONDARY LEVEL
• 1.TO HELP CHILD IN
SELECTING SUBJECTS:
• 2.TO HELP CHILD TO
MAINTAIN GOOD HEALTH:
• 3 TO ENCOURAGE CHILDREN
TO PARTICIPATE IN CO-
CURRICULAR ACTIVITES:
• TO DEVELOP & MAINTAIN
RECORDS OF CHILDREN
• TO IMBIBE FELLING OF
COOPERATION IN THE
MINDS OF CHILDREN

10. OBJECTIVE OF GUIDANCE AT SECONDARY LEVEL
• TO ASSIST CHILDREN IN
DEALING WITH EMOTIONAL
AND PERSONAL NEEDS
• TO DEVLOP CAREER RELATED
AWARENESS:
• TO HELP CHILDREN IN
DEVELOPING SELF IDENTITY:
• TO HELP THE CHILDREN BY
DEVELOPING GOOD STUDY
HABITS:

11. NEED & IMPORTANCE OF GUIDANCE AT SECONDARY LEVEL
• THE NEED OF GUIDANCE HAD EXISTED AT ALL TIMES SINCE TIME
IMMEMORIAL AND WILL CONTINUE TO AS LONG AS HUMAN BEING EXISTS.
BUT THERE IS A GREATER NEED FOR GUIDANCE SERVICES NOW THAN EVER
BEFORE DUE TO RAPID SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT,
EMERGING OF COMPLEX SOCIETY , NEED FOR OUTSTANDING LEADERSHIP
TALENTS.
• THE PURPOSE OF EDUCATION IS TO BRING ALL ROUND DEVELOPMENT OF
CHILDREN: PHYSICAL, SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL, INTELLECTUAL AND SPIRITUAL.
BUT PRESENTLY INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE TEACHING OF
SUBJECTS ALONE IS GIVEN PRIME IMPORTANCE WHICH CANNOT LEAD TO
TOTAL DEVELOPMENT.
• MAJORITY OF ADOLESCENCE ARE IN DIFFICULT LIFE SITUATIONS; THEY ARE
SHY, FEARFUL, LONELINESS, AND NOT SKILLED MANAGING THEIR OWN
AFFAIRS, THEY ARE UNHAPPY BECAUSE OF LONELINESS, FEELINGS OF
FAILURE, OF INADEQUACY OR LACK OF MEANING/PURPOSE IN LIFE. THEY
COULD NOT FORM REALISTIC LIFE GOALS AND PLANS DUE TO LACK OF SELF
KNOWLEDGE. THEY LACK BOTH FOCUS AND MEANINGFUL DIRECTIONS,

12. NEED & IMPORTANCE OF GUIDANCE AT SECONDARY LEVEL
• EDUCATION IS EXPANDING ITS FRONTIERS MAKING IT
ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE FOR INDIVIDUAL STUDENTS TO MAKE
PROPER CHOICE OF COURSES WITHOUT HELP OF
GUIDANCE WORKER. EMERGENCE OF NEW AND
SPECIALIZED CAREERS IN FIELD OF SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY, BANKING & INSURANCE, MEDIA & FILM,
MEDICAL & PARA MEDICAL SERVICES ETC. DEMANDS
ADULT WITH SUITABLE APTITUDE AND MENTAL ABILITY.
• THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTRONIC AND PRINT MEDIA,
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
TEMPTED STUDENTS TO WASTE THEIR VALUABLE, TIME
AND AWAY FROM REAL LIFE.
• THEY ARE ENGULFED WITH COMPLETE SOCIAL PROBLEMS:
LIVING WITH AND SHARING FACILITIES WITH PEERS SUCH
AS LIVING IN HOSTELS AND SHARING EXTRA-CURRICULAR
EXPERIENCES, ADJUSTMENT TO HETEROSEXUAL
RELATIONSHIP ETC.
• THE MISUTILIZATION OF LEISURE TIME LEADS TO POOR
ACHIEVEMENT IN THEIR STUDY AND MANY PSYCO-SOCIAL
PROBLEMS IN HOME, SCHOOL AND SOCIETY.

13. NEED & IMPORTANCE OF GUIDANCE AT SECONDARY LEVEL
• THE EDUCATIONAL STATUS OF STUDENTS BELONGING TO SC/ST CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
AND MINORITY IS LAGGING BEHIND IN SPITE OF MANY INTERVENTIONS BY BOTH CENTRAL AND
STATE GOVERNMENT FOR THEIR UPLIFTMENT . THESE GROUP OF STUDENTS REQUIRED RELEVANT
GUIDANCE SERVICES FROM SCHOOL FOR DOING WELL BOTH ACADEMIC AND NON-ACADEMIC
FIELDS.
• CHANGING MORAL AND RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS OF SOCIETY DEVELOPED CHEATING, DISHONESTY
AND CUNNINGNESS AMONG THE ADOLESCENCE.

15. SERVICES OF GUIDANCE
• ORIENTATION SERVICE: THIS
SERVICE IS ORGANIZED AT
THE BEGINNING OF THE
ACADEMIC YEAR TO ORIENT
NEWLY ADMITTED STUDENTS
ABOUT DIFFERENT ASPECTS
OF THE SCHOOL AND
CURRICULUM.

16. STUDENT INVENTORY
• THE SCHOOL AUTHORITY WILL COLLECT DETAILS OF
INFORMATION SUCH AS FAMILY BACKGROUND AND
CONDITIONS, PREVIOUS SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENT,
MENTAL ABILITY, THEIR POTENTIALITIES, HEALTH
HABITS AND CONDITIONS, INTEREST AND SPECIAL
APTITUDE ETC. BY USING TESTING AND NON-
TESTING DEVICES. THE PURPOSE IS TO DEVELOP
HOLISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF STUDENTS WHICH
WILL BE USEFUL FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING.
• IT IS DESIGN TO HELP STUDENTS IN DEVELOPING
SELF-UNDERSTANDING AND ACCEPTANCE.
• THIS CAN BE DONE BY COLLECTING AND
ORGANISING THE INFORMATION ABOUT THE
STUDENTS THROUGH PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING AND
NON-TESTING DEVICES.

17. INFORMATION SERVICE
• THE INFORMATION SERVICE IS THE BASE OF
ALL GUIDANCE PROGRAMME. IT IS
CONCERNED WITH COLLECTING, RECORDING
AND MAINTAINING INFORMATION
REGARDING PERSONAL, EDUCATIONAL AND
VOCATIONAL WHICH WILL HELP TO
DEVELOP UNDERSTANDING AND
AWARENESS AMONG THE TEACHERS AS
WELL AS STUDENTS. THE GUIDANCE
WORKER CAN DISSEMINATE THIS
INFORMATION BY GROUP GUIDANCE
ACTIVITIES SUCH AS EDUCATIONAL AND
CAREER CONFERENCES, WORK EXPERIENCE,
SEMINAR, DISCUSSION, INDIVIDUAL
INTERVIEWS, CAREER TALK, CAREER
EXHIBITION, CAREER DAY, CAREER
CONFERENCE ETC.

18. COUNSELLING SERVICE
• IT IS HEART OF THE SCHOOL GUIDANCE
PROGRAMME. IT IS INTENDED TO ESTABLISH A
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GUIDANCE WORKER
AND THE STUDENTS IN WHICH THE FORMER
ATTEMPTS TO ASSIST THE LATER IN
ACHIEVING OPTIMUM EDUCATIONAL,
VOCATIONAL AND SOCIO-PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT. IT IS HELPFUL IN
CRYSTALLIZING THE PROBLEM AND
REACHING A REASONABLY GOOD SOLUTION.
• IT PROVIDES STUDENTS A CHANCE TO TAKE DIRECT
ASSISTANCE FROM THE COUNSELLOR IN A FACE TO
FACE SITUATION TO DISCUSS THEIR PROBLEM
• IT IS SPECIALIZED SERVICE WHICH NEEDS SKILLS AND
COMPETENCY FROM TEACHER.

19. REMEDIAL SERVICE
• REMEDIAL SERVICE: WHEN A
STUDENT IS NOT GETTING BENEFIT
FROM NORMAL CLASSROOM
TRANSACTION, S/HE NEEDS REMEDIAL
SERVICE. IT IS PROCESS OF
IDENTIFYING REASONS OF PROBLEM
FACED BY LEARNER AND DESIGNING A
SUITABLE INTERVENTION
PROGRAMME. THE MAIN INTENTION
IS TO HELP LEARNER IN RESOLVING
PROBLEMS RELATING TO EDUCATION,
VOCATION AND PERSONAL.

20. FOLLOW UP SERVICE
• FOLLOW UP SERVICE: IT CONCERNED
WITH SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION OF
GUIDANCE SERVICES TO FIND OUT
WHETHER IT SUCCEED IN SATISFYING
NEEDS OF THE STUDENTS. IT FINDS OUT
TO WHAT EXTENT STUDENTS BEEN ABLE
TO ACHIEVE ACCORDING TO THEIR
ABILITIES AND APTITUDES, TO WHAT
EXTENT SELECTION OF SUBJECTS ARE
WISE AND HOW STUDENTS ARE
ADJUSTING WITH THE JOBS

21. REFERRAL SERVICE
• REFERRAL SERVICE: MANY TIMES
SCHOOL GUIDANCE WORKER MAY
NOT RESOLVE THE PROBLEMS OF
STUDENTS. IN SUCH SITUATION, S/HE
IS TO BE REFERRED TO QUALIFIED
PROFESSIONALS (TRAINED
COUNSELLOR/
PSYCHIATRICS/DOCTOR/PSYCHOLOGI
ST). THE GUIDANCE WORKER
SHOULD HAVE LIST OF QUALIFIED
PERSONNEL FROM THE LOCALITY FOR
REFERRAL PURPOSE.

22. STRATEGY FOR ORGANIZING GUIDANCE PROGRAMME IN SCHOOL
• ORIENTATION DAY
• CLASS TALK
• CAREER TALK:
• CAREER DAY/EXHIBITION
• GROUP DISCUSSION
• ROLE PLAYING
• WORKSHOP
• VISITS/TOURS
• PASSING OUT DAY