Perfect modals are used to talk about unfulfilled obligations or possibilities in the past. They include could have, may/might have, must have, should have/shouldn't have, and can't have. Each modal has a specific use - could have expresses ability or opportunity, may/might have expresses weak possibility, must have expresses logical conclusion, should have/shouldn't have expresses regret or obligation, and can't have expresses impossibility. The document provides examples of sentences using each perfect modal.

1. PERFECT MODALS

2. Perfect modals are soooo magnificent, so fascinating that they are called perfect modals... True or false ?

3. What are “perfect modals”? Could have done something May/might have done s omething Must have done something Should have done s omething Can’t have done something

9. Exercises Fill in the blanks using perfect modals. 1-Because we don’t have a map, we are lost. You .............. And you never ask for directions. You ...............the last time we stopped for gas. 2- A-Turkish athletes won five medals at the 1980 Olympic Games. B_ They ..................!! Turkey did not participate in the 1980 Olympics. 3- Why did you walk all the way to the station? You .... .............. bus. 4-Your flat looks great. You ................ a lot money on decoration.

10. Thank you for watching our presentation.  For more examples and exercises on Perfect Modals please look at your booklets. Bye......