A new innovative propulsion system is proposed for hybrid heavy vehicles. This system is based on a new engine concept as well as on a new dynamic charging system.

1. Author: Liviu Giurca
Senior Researcher at VP Holding
New Hybrid Propulsion Systems
for Buses and Trucks

2. State of the art
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Diesel Bus
“Conventional” Hybrid Bus
Trolleybus Volvo Docking station
system

3. State of the art
Scania-Siemens dynamic charging and
the Electrified Highway

4. ”Conventional” hybrid bus versus diesel bus
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Benefits:
1. Improved fuel consumption
2. Reduced CO2 emission
3. Reduced NVH level in certain conditions
Disadvantages:
1. Very high purchasing price
2. Challenging recycling
3. High CO2 consumption for manufacturing

5. New hybrid solutions
1. New engine with heat recovery proposed to replace diesel
engine in the hybrid powertrain
2. Hybrid pneumatic operation of the internal combustion engine
3. Hybrid electric vehicle with dynamic charging
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6. New IC engine based on Dr. Paul mechanism
Almost 20 years ago (in 1996), this variant already
obtained 52% Brake Efficiency and a huge power
density, without heat recovery due to its extreme
compression ratio.
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7. Our proposal
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First civil exploitation of Paul mechanism
Was proposed and produced in series by
Neander Motors and is a four stroke
version.
We propose a four stroke version with
heat recovery. Our new solution is
registered to the patent office.
Neander Motors
engine

8. The new engine versus conventional engine
The most important benefits are:
1. Highest power density between 300 to 600 kW/l;
2. Reduced CO2 level;
3. Compensation of all rotating inertial forces resulting in a fully
balanced engine with reduced noise level;
4. Compensation of all 1st order oscillating forces (torque
compensation);
5. No reaction due to torque impulses on the exterior of the engine
are detectable;
6.Very low friction losses from the guidance of the piston by the
connecting rods (the lateral guiding force of the piston is effected by
the connected rods);
7. Lowest fuel consumption between 95 and 125 g/kWh;
8. A dramatic reduction in cost of production and exploitation,
respectively a two cylinder version can replace a four or six cylinder
conventional engine.
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9. Pneumatic Hybrid Engine
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The new proposed Pneumatic
Hybrid Engine with dual crankshafts
is made in the simplest manner
using a mechanical control of the
air circuit existent between the
combustion chamber and an air
tank. In vehicle braking phases with
fuel cut-off, the engine can intake
air and pump it into the pressure
tank. The pressurized air can be
used to boost the conventional
engine combustion mode, thereby
overcoming the turbo-lag in
supercharged engines.

10. Pneumatic Hybrid versus Electric Hybrid
The Pneumatic Hybrid concept is made
using a mechanical control between the
existent exhaust air circuit connected to the
combustion chamber and an air tank. In
engine braking phase with fuel in cut-off
mode, the engine pumps the intake air into
a high pressure tank. The pressurized air
can later be used as a bonus to supercharge
the engine or to drive directly the vehicle.
Compared to some existing vehicle electric
hybrid systems, the proposed solution
eliminates the electric generator/motor
assist and battery components which are
additional to the engine.
This type of application reduces cost, complexity, and weight while providing similar
function and benefits. Air, even when compressed to high pressure, remains very light,
and therefore the added weight is, essentially, limited to the weight of the tank.
Consequently, this small weight increase of the proposed hybrid system does not
penalize the base vehicle fuel economy.
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11. Hybrid electric vehicle with dynamic charging
Our proposal is to charge in motion a hybrid vehicle using a single
overhead line containing both polarities.
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12. Hybrid electric vehicle with dynamic charging
The single overhead line with both polarities
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13. VERSUS
-The new concept creates a real world alternative to the actual
propulsion system of the heavy vehicles. It is not need to make so
many researches to develop such a system because all the
components are already used separately in some applications;
-The system can be battery free solution or can use some super-capacitors
to recover the brake energy when is not dynamic charged;
-For this reason is a low cost bus (the batteries are very expensive);
-When the engine is used it is a low fuel consumption bus. If the fuel
is CNG or hydrogen the pollutants are at very low level; Also the noise
is reduced because the engine is fully balanced;
-When is electrical supplied from the catenary system with green
energy it is a zero pollution vehicle;
-The total efficiency is improved and consequently the cost reported
to km will be diminished.
-It maintains the same flexibility of the actual transport system based
on the diesel trucks.
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14. VERSUS
-It uses unmodified pantograph;
-The bus supports a big deviation from the trajectory without
to be disconnected from the supply line;
-The single line is cheaper than two distanced lines and is
protected better in bad weather conditions.
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15. Conclusion
No. Type of urban
transport
Technology
cost
Pollution
level
Efficiency Infrastructu-re
cost
Recyclability Scor
1 Diesel Urban bus + -- -- + 0 --
2 Trolleybus -- ++ ++ -- 0 0
3 Electric Diesel
hybrid urban bus
- + + + -- +
4 Pneumatic
Hybrid Urban bus
++ + + + 0 +++++
5 Hybrid Urban bus
with charging
possibility
- ++ ++ - 0 ++

16. About author
Liviu Grigorian Giurca is a senior researcher which
accumulated experience working for international companies
as Ford, Renault, Daewoo Motors, IDEA Institute , AKKA
Technologies, MSX International and VP Holding. He has 8
patented inventions in different countries. He also contributed
to many innovative projects as Renault/Dacia Logan, Sandero
and Duster (the most innovative projects in terms of cost
reduction) or Ford EcoBoost 1 L engine awarded as the Engine
of the Year in 2012, 2013 and 2014.
E-mail: lgiurca@hybrid-engine-hope.com
URL: www.hybrid-engine-hope.com