SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 102
Descargar para leer sin conexión
Chemistry
and living systems



123.101
Gareth Rowlands
an
introduction
    to
chemistry
        and...
...how
it relates
    to
 living
    things
the study guide contains
     all the information you need
my lectures contain
explanation
and examples
but as I’m not here...




                                    !
          ...the Prof will have to do
my notes are available from:
www.massey.ac.nz/~gjrowlan/teaching.html
my notes are available from:
http://www.slideshare.net/gjr2323
Slideshare is an awesome resource
for learning about presentations
read each chapter in advance


         I will give different
         examples. Do not
         expect me to read it
         to you...



              ©Noukka Signe@Flickr
Ready?
Unit One Part 1: introduction




  pic: Aquarium
  of the Pacific
Unit One Part 1: introduction
                    these are not random
                  pictures; the molecule is
                     a potential painkiller
                  called epibatidine which
                   is isolated from poison
                         dart frogs...




  pic: Aquarium
  of the Pacific
why do we need
organic chemistry?
...because its fun??



                  why do we need
                organic chemistry?
why do we need
organic chemistry?
 ...it keeps me in a job?
            Or...
if w e want to
understand
living systems...
we need to
understand the
individual organs...
...to understand
organs, we have to
understand cells...
...and still we have to
    get smaller and
       smaller...
...and to do this we must understand the
molecules that make up these systems
                      Me


                              N
           Me                           Me
                      N       Fe    N
    HO2C(H2C)2
                              N


                 HO2C(H2C)2        Me


                       haem
...lets stop with
                                                 atoms & electrons!
                                                  And none of this
                                                  maths malarkey.




                                            but we don't need
Image Credit: NIST/University of Colorado
                                            to get carried away...
simple chemical
principles control
           biology
Me     Me         Me
                                          11
                                               12



                              Me         Me

                                  Rhodopsin             H
                                 11-cis-retinal     N
                             (aldehyde not imine)   Opsin

                       photon


                  Me    Me         Me          Me




isomers and the            Me                   N
                                                        H


visual cascade                all trans-retinal
                         starts VISUAL CASCADE
                                                Opsin
$
chemistry
and medicine
penicillin G
                                                                        antibacterial
                                                                                H   H
                                                                                N       S
                                                                                            Me
                                                                            O       N       Me
                                                                                O
                                                                                        CO2H




http://staff.science.uva.nl/~dcslob/lesbrieven/maarten/Bacterien.html
penicillin G
                                            Chemistry explains
                                           how penicillin blocks        antibacterial
                                             bacterial cell wall
                                                synthesis.                      H   H
                                                                                N       S
                                                                                            Me
                                                                            O       N       Me
                                                                                O
                                                                                        CO2H




http://staff.science.uva.nl/~dcslob/lesbrieven/maarten/Bacterien.html
F




                      OH   OH   O

H            N                      O   Ca2+
N

    O            Me
        Me
                                    2




                                        Liptor
                                        cholesterol treatment
                                        US$ 12.9 billion
the language
of chemistry...
First we need to be
                  able to communicate
                    with each other...




the language
of chemistry...
There are three ways
                    of talking about
                      chemicals...




the language
of chemistry...
MACROSCOPIC
               bulk
            properties




MICROSCOPIC              SYMBOLIC
   atoms &                chemical
  molecules               formulae
macroscopic
representation
    physical
     properities


©DC Comics
macroscopic
representation
    physical
     properities
             obviously important
              (if you happen to
             get dunked in a vat
                  of the stuff)




©DC Comics
macroscopic
representation
    physical
     properities

              but ignored in this
               lecture...lets just
             leave it for the lab...


©DC Comics
how do we represent
           molecules?
microscopic
representation
how we represent the
  actual molecules
    themselves...




                       microscopic
                       representation
hexane




         molecular orbital
            representation
hexane




    electrons spread over
    entire molecule...true
     but not very useful!




                             molecular orbital
                                representation
hexane




          space filling
         representation
hexane

          shows us the atoms
           and their relative
         size...but bonds hard
                 to see




              space filling
             representation
hexane




         ball and stick
         representation
hexane




    atoms, bonds, shape,
      it has it all. Time
     consuming to draw
              so...




                            ball and stick
                            representation
symbolic
representation
symbolic
        representation
quick and dirty ways
    to represent
     molecules
C3H7
empirical
formula
C3H7    just the ratio of
                atoms...




empirical
formula
C3H7       ...too many
            possibilities!




C6H14C24H56 12H28
               C
        C15H35C30H70
  C27H63 3H7
 C18H42   C C21H49
formula 33H77 9H21
      C     C
empirical
C6H14
   molecular
   formula
C6H14
exact number of
    atoms...




                  molecular
                  formula
C6H14
       ...but not how they




   H H H H
          are connected




                           H H
                                           H H
H   C   C   H                             H C H H H
                          H C H H H
  C   C   C                              H   C   C
                         H   C   C   H     C   C   H
 H HH C H H                C   C   C
    H   H                                 H H H C H
      H                   H H H H H H
                                               H H
         H H H H H H

        H
          C
            C
              C
                C
                  C
                    C
                      H
                                         molecular
           H H H H H H
                                         formula
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3



condensed
formula
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
    bonding sorted...




condensed
formula
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

   H H                                                O    Me
  H C H H H                                  Me            N
                                                  N
 H
   C
     C
       C
         C
           H   (CH3)2CHCH(CH3)CH3
                                              O       N    N
  H H H C H
       H H              ...but bulky...and            Me
                        some structures

condensed              would be confusing!


formula
H H H H H H
  C   C   C   H
H   C   C   C
   H H H H H H




                  structural
                     formula
H H H H H H
             C   C   C   H
           H   C   C   C
              H H H H H H

 now we’re talking;
  atoms, bonding,
shape. It has it all.
      But...




                             structural
                                formula
H H H H H H
               C   C   C   H
             H   C   C   C
                H H H H H H
                                         ...can be messy and
                                           time consuming...


                                H
                                C
                        H2C         CH
    OH
                    OH H2C
         N
                H     H2C C CH2
                           H
                C   C    N CH
             HC   C H C      2
N                      H
              N   C
                C   CH
     OMe       HC       C       CH3              structural
                                                    formula
                    C       O
                    H
skeletal
(structural) formula
Quick, easy and
                            tells me
                       everything...but do
                        you understand
                         what it means?




skeletal
(structural) formula
other
representations
         H
    H
        C H O              O
   H H C   C                                 CHO
  H C    C   H                 H
     H H H

                      OH               Et        H
        CHO
                 Et        H
   H      OH                        HO
                                            Ph
        CH3      H         CH3
                                   H        CH3
                     Ph
    Fischer        Newman          Sawhorse
   projection     projection       projection
do not use this
representation!



  H H H H H H
H C C C C C C H
  H H H H H H
do not use this
representation!



  H H H H H H
H C C C C C C H
  H H H H H H
...key to this course
 is understanding /
  interpreting these
       symbols


                        ©Lucasfilms
understanding
skeletal (structural)
formulae
4
                  H

             H C H
              H



             H         H
                 C C
             H         H



         H C C H
CARBON
                  O
         H        C        H
             C        O
         H H
4
                             H

                        H C H
                         H



carbon always has       H         H
   four bonds...
                            C C
                        H         H



                    H C C H
CARBON
                             O
                    H        C        H
                        C        O
                    H H
why? a good
                      question & one we
                      will partially answer
                              later




©ultraBobban@Flickr
1
                     H

                H C H
                 H


HYDROGEN        H
                    C C
                          H

                H         H

                     O
            H        C        H
                C        O
            H H

            H H O
             C   C   H
           H   C   O
              H N H
               H
1
                                H

                           H C H
                            H


HYDROGEN                   H
                               C C
                                     H

                           H         H

                                O
                       H        C        H
                           C        O
                       H H
hydrogen always has
    one bond...        H H O
                        C   C   H
                      H   C   O
                         H N H
                          H
2
           H H
            C   O
          H   C   H
             H H



              H   H
          H           H
              C C
         H C   C H
          H  O   H



          H H O
           C   C   H
         H   C   O
OXYGEN      H N H
             H
3
            H H O

NITROGEN   H
             C
               C
                 C
                   O
                     H

              H N H
               H




            H H
             C   N   H
           H   C   C
                  H H




             H
            H C C N
             H
so how do we draw
skeletal formulae?
HO
                      HO
                                      OH

                                  O
                  O      O
              NH2                 O
                                                Cl
             OH       O                   O

        HO               Cl                              OH
                  O                       O                O
                      H                          H             H
       O              N                          N             N
              N                       N                  N
              H                       H                  H
        HN                    O       O              O
       O

       HO                                 NH2

                    OH
      HO          OH




      C CH
                                  Vancomycin




                                                                   can be
all        and                                                     removed
HO
                      HO
                                      OH

                                  O
                  O      O
                                  O                  assume each corner
              NH2                               Cl
             OH       O                   O             is a carbon...

        HO               Cl                              OH
                  O                       O                O
                      H                          H             H
       O              N                          N             N
              N                       N                  N
              H                       H                  H
        HN                    O       O              O
       O

       HO                                 NH2

                    OH
      HO          OH




      C CH
                                  Vancomycin




                                                                   can be
all        and                                                     removed
HO
                      HO
                                      OH

                                  O
                  O      O
              NH2                 O
                                                Cl
             OH       O                   O

        HO               Cl                               OH
                  O                       O                 O
                      H                          H                H
       O              N                          N                N
              N                       N                   N
              H                       H                   H
        HN                    O       O              O
       O
                                          NH2            ...and it will always
       HO
                                                           have four bonds.
                    OH
      HO          OH




      C CH
                                  Vancomycin




                                                                        can be
all        and                                                          removed
example
one


 H H      H
        C
  C   C
H   C
   H H
example
one
                                   remove H



 H H      H
        C                      C
  C   C            C       C
H   C                  C
   H H


              –H
example
one


 H H      H
        C                      C
  C   C            C       C
H   C                  C
   H H


              –H                   –C
                   now remove C
example
two

        H
H       C       H
    C       C
    C       C
H       C       H
        H
example
two

        H                            remove H

H       C       H            C
    C       C            C       C
    C       C            C       C
H       C       H            C


                    –H
        H
example
two

        H
H       C       H             C
    C       C             C       C
    C       C             C       C
H       C       H             C


                    –H                  –C
        H



                         now remove C
example
three

    H       O
H
    C           H
H       C
        O
    H N H
     H
example
three
                                             remove C–H
                                                 BUT
    H       O                    O         leave all others!
H
    C           H        C       C     H
H       C
        O                    C     O
    H N H                        N H
     H                       H


                  only
                remove
                    CH
example
three                                This is key. We
                                  can only remove C–H
                                  bonds. We must leave
                                       all others...
    H       O                    O
H
    C           H        C       C      H
H       C
        O                    C     O
    H N H                        N H
     H                       H


                  only
                remove
                    CH
example
three
                                                   O

    H       O                    O                      OH
H
    C           H        C       C      H         NH2
H       C
        O                    C     O
    H N H                        N H
                                                   CO2H
     H                       H
                                                 NH2
                  only
                remove
                                            –C
                    CH   now remove C
example       very im
                      p   ortant
four
reverse

       CO2H
HO
     NH2
example
four
reverse                        add C to corners




       CO2H          C       CO2H
HO              HO       C


           +C
     NH2                 NH2
example
four
reverse
                                                H H
       CO2H                   C       CO2H
HO                       HO       C              C   CO2H
                                              HO   C

            +C                           +H
     NH2                          NH2
                                                  H NH2
       Add H to make all C
         have four bonds
example
four                           remember C has

reverse                         four; O has two
                               bonds and H has
                                      one


                                               H H
       CO2H          C       CO2H
HO              HO       C                      C   CO2H
                                             HO   C

           +C                    +H
     NH2                 NH2
                                                 H NH2




  H H O         H H O                       H H O
          H
   C   C         C   C    H                  C   C    H
HO   C    O   HO   C    O                 HO   C    O
    H NH2         H NH2                       H NH2
2
example
four
reverse
           H H                         O
                   H
            C   C
         HO   C    O
             H NH2
       neither of the O has
                              OXYGEN
            two bonds
2
example
four
reverse
     H H                          O
      C   C    H
   HO   C    O
          O still does not have
            two bonds. This
           structure is wrong




       H NH2
                       OXYGEN
4
example
four
reverse
     H H                       O
      C     C   H
   HO    C    O
       CARBON
       H NH2
       C still does not have
         four bonds. This
        structure is wrong
Functional Groups
   pages 16-29




         learn them ©"lapolab"@Flickr
CHO


NC              CO2H




example
five
reverse
H
          CHO                        H      C
                                            CHO
                                      C   C H H
                                      C   C   C
NC              CO2H               NC   C   C   CO2H
                                        H H H

                        add C to corners
                       and H to make four
                             bonds




example
five
reverse
H
                CHO             H       C
                                        CHO
                                  C   C H H
                                  C   C   C
NC                     CO2H    NC   C   C   CO2H

 now get three bonds
                                    H H H
  to N; two bonds to
    O and one to H



                                        H       O
                                H       C       C
                                    C       C       H
                                         H H
                                  C   C   C   O
example                       N
                                C   C   C   C   H

five                                 H H H O
reverse
OH   O                         OH      O
OHC                         OHC       C       C

                       +C
                CO2H              C       C       CO2H
      OH   OH                     OH      OH



                                           +H
 O   H OH O                      H OH O
  C   C   C   O             OHC   C   C
H   C   C   C   H               C   C   CO2H
  HO H H OH O                 HO H H OH



example
six
4
what have
....we learnt?




        o r ga n i c c h e m i s try is
        easy if we can count to...
4
what have
....we learnt?

                       oh, and it’s really
                          important!




        o r ga n i c c h e m i s try is
        easy if we can count to...
before next lecture...




read
Unit 1 Part 2            ©Noukka Signe@Flickr
Acknowledgments
gareth
(Dr. GJ Rowlands)
         would to
             like
              thank
               Trevor Kitson
            Massey University
            & the 101 students
    www.massey.ac.nz/~gjrowlan

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Fundamental of Organic Chemistry Basic of Carbohydrates Boudreaux (1)
     Fundamental of  Organic Chemistry Basic of Carbohydrates Boudreaux (1)     Fundamental of  Organic Chemistry Basic of Carbohydrates Boudreaux (1)
Fundamental of Organic Chemistry Basic of Carbohydrates Boudreaux (1)Raheel Hayat Rahee
 
الكيمياء العضوية 2018
الكيمياء العضوية 2018الكيمياء العضوية 2018
الكيمياء العضوية 2018Hossam Sewify
 
REDOX reactions Balancing by the Ion-electron method (acid medium)
REDOX reactions Balancing by the Ion-electron method (acid medium)REDOX reactions Balancing by the Ion-electron method (acid medium)
REDOX reactions Balancing by the Ion-electron method (acid medium)KALIUM academia
 
Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic AcidsCarboxylic Acids
Carboxylic AcidsKatie B
 
Startup Business Opportunities in Hydrated Lime (Calcium hydroxide) Productio...
Startup Business Opportunities in Hydrated Lime (Calcium hydroxide) Productio...Startup Business Opportunities in Hydrated Lime (Calcium hydroxide) Productio...
Startup Business Opportunities in Hydrated Lime (Calcium hydroxide) Productio...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
 
Silabo química orgánica-Ingenieria Forestal-2015- Dra. Irma Rumela Aguirre ...
Silabo   química orgánica-Ingenieria Forestal-2015- Dra. Irma Rumela Aguirre ...Silabo   química orgánica-Ingenieria Forestal-2015- Dra. Irma Rumela Aguirre ...
Silabo química orgánica-Ingenieria Forestal-2015- Dra. Irma Rumela Aguirre ...Irma Rumela Aguirre
 
Co-processing in cement kiln Concepts and in Oil and Gas Sector | John Jones,...
Co-processing in cement kiln Concepts and in Oil and Gas Sector | John Jones,...Co-processing in cement kiln Concepts and in Oil and Gas Sector | John Jones,...
Co-processing in cement kiln Concepts and in Oil and Gas Sector | John Jones,...Cairn India Limited
 
Pakistan Oilfields Limted (POL) Internship Report
Pakistan Oilfields Limted (POL) Internship ReportPakistan Oilfields Limted (POL) Internship Report
Pakistan Oilfields Limted (POL) Internship ReportMuneeb Ur Rahman
 
basic building block processes in petrochemical technology
basic building block processes in petrochemical technologybasic building block processes in petrochemical technology
basic building block processes in petrochemical technologyAfzal Zubair
 
Development of chemical industries in Bangladesh
Development of chemical industries in BangladeshDevelopment of chemical industries in Bangladesh
Development of chemical industries in BangladeshRashidul Islam
 
The Impacts of Palm Oil Production
The Impacts of Palm Oil ProductionThe Impacts of Palm Oil Production
The Impacts of Palm Oil ProductionRCB78
 
Carboxylic acids
Carboxylic acids Carboxylic acids
Carboxylic acids lerangeline
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

best way cement
best way cement best way cement
best way cement
 
Fundamental of Organic Chemistry Basic of Carbohydrates Boudreaux (1)
     Fundamental of  Organic Chemistry Basic of Carbohydrates Boudreaux (1)     Fundamental of  Organic Chemistry Basic of Carbohydrates Boudreaux (1)
Fundamental of Organic Chemistry Basic of Carbohydrates Boudreaux (1)
 
El Átomo, la base del conocimiento
El Átomo, la base del conocimientoEl Átomo, la base del conocimiento
El Átomo, la base del conocimiento
 
الكيمياء العضوية 2018
الكيمياء العضوية 2018الكيمياء العضوية 2018
الكيمياء العضوية 2018
 
Esteres
EsteresEsteres
Esteres
 
REDOX reactions Balancing by the Ion-electron method (acid medium)
REDOX reactions Balancing by the Ion-electron method (acid medium)REDOX reactions Balancing by the Ion-electron method (acid medium)
REDOX reactions Balancing by the Ion-electron method (acid medium)
 
Carboxylic Acids
Carboxylic AcidsCarboxylic Acids
Carboxylic Acids
 
Startup Business Opportunities in Hydrated Lime (Calcium hydroxide) Productio...
Startup Business Opportunities in Hydrated Lime (Calcium hydroxide) Productio...Startup Business Opportunities in Hydrated Lime (Calcium hydroxide) Productio...
Startup Business Opportunities in Hydrated Lime (Calcium hydroxide) Productio...
 
éTeres isómeros del pentanol
éTeres isómeros del pentanoléTeres isómeros del pentanol
éTeres isómeros del pentanol
 
Petroleum refining (3 of 3)
Petroleum refining (3 of 3)Petroleum refining (3 of 3)
Petroleum refining (3 of 3)
 
Silabo química orgánica-Ingenieria Forestal-2015- Dra. Irma Rumela Aguirre ...
Silabo   química orgánica-Ingenieria Forestal-2015- Dra. Irma Rumela Aguirre ...Silabo   química orgánica-Ingenieria Forestal-2015- Dra. Irma Rumela Aguirre ...
Silabo química orgánica-Ingenieria Forestal-2015- Dra. Irma Rumela Aguirre ...
 
PSO
PSOPSO
PSO
 
Co-processing in cement kiln Concepts and in Oil and Gas Sector | John Jones,...
Co-processing in cement kiln Concepts and in Oil and Gas Sector | John Jones,...Co-processing in cement kiln Concepts and in Oil and Gas Sector | John Jones,...
Co-processing in cement kiln Concepts and in Oil and Gas Sector | John Jones,...
 
Funciones oxigenadas
Funciones oxigenadasFunciones oxigenadas
Funciones oxigenadas
 
Pakistan Oilfields Limted (POL) Internship Report
Pakistan Oilfields Limted (POL) Internship ReportPakistan Oilfields Limted (POL) Internship Report
Pakistan Oilfields Limted (POL) Internship Report
 
basic building block processes in petrochemical technology
basic building block processes in petrochemical technologybasic building block processes in petrochemical technology
basic building block processes in petrochemical technology
 
Development of chemical industries in Bangladesh
Development of chemical industries in BangladeshDevelopment of chemical industries in Bangladesh
Development of chemical industries in Bangladesh
 
The Impacts of Palm Oil Production
The Impacts of Palm Oil ProductionThe Impacts of Palm Oil Production
The Impacts of Palm Oil Production
 
3M Window Film Comparison Chart
3M Window Film Comparison Chart3M Window Film Comparison Chart
3M Window Film Comparison Chart
 
Carboxylic acids
Carboxylic acids Carboxylic acids
Carboxylic acids
 

Destacado (12)

Aromatic Chemistry
Aromatic ChemistryAromatic Chemistry
Aromatic Chemistry
 
Chemistry through the looking glass
Chemistry through the looking glassChemistry through the looking glass
Chemistry through the looking glass
 
DNA Origami
DNA OrigamiDNA Origami
DNA Origami
 
Lecture7: 123.101
Lecture7: 123.101Lecture7: 123.101
Lecture7: 123.101
 
Lecture6: 123.101
Lecture6: 123.101Lecture6: 123.101
Lecture6: 123.101
 
Lecture8: 123.101
Lecture8: 123.101Lecture8: 123.101
Lecture8: 123.101
 
Lecture9: 123.101
Lecture9: 123.101Lecture9: 123.101
Lecture9: 123.101
 
Lecture2: 123.101
Lecture2: 123.101Lecture2: 123.101
Lecture2: 123.101
 
Lecture10: 123.101
Lecture10: 123.101Lecture10: 123.101
Lecture10: 123.101
 
Lecture5: 123.101
Lecture5: 123.101Lecture5: 123.101
Lecture5: 123.101
 
Lecture4: 123.101
Lecture4: 123.101Lecture4: 123.101
Lecture4: 123.101
 
lecture 3: 123.101
lecture 3: 123.101lecture 3: 123.101
lecture 3: 123.101
 

Más de Gareth Rowlands (20)

123713AB lecture10
123713AB lecture10123713AB lecture10
123713AB lecture10
 
123713AB lecture09
123713AB lecture09123713AB lecture09
123713AB lecture09
 
123713AB lecture08
123713AB lecture08123713AB lecture08
123713AB lecture08
 
123713AB lecture07
123713AB lecture07123713AB lecture07
123713AB lecture07
 
123713AB lecture06
123713AB lecture06123713AB lecture06
123713AB lecture06
 
123713AB lecture05
123713AB lecture05123713AB lecture05
123713AB lecture05
 
123713AB lecture04
123713AB lecture04123713AB lecture04
123713AB lecture04
 
123713AB lecture03
123713AB lecture03123713AB lecture03
123713AB lecture03
 
123713AB lecture02
123713AB lecture02123713AB lecture02
123713AB lecture02
 
123713AB lecture01
123713AB lecture01123713AB lecture01
123713AB lecture01
 
Tutorial 3 answers
Tutorial 3 answersTutorial 3 answers
Tutorial 3 answers
 
Problems 2 answers
Problems 2 answersProblems 2 answers
Problems 2 answers
 
Tutorial 2 answers
Tutorial 2 answersTutorial 2 answers
Tutorial 2 answers
 
Problems 1 answers
Problems 1 answersProblems 1 answers
Problems 1 answers
 
Tutorial 1 answers
Tutorial 1 answersTutorial 1 answers
Tutorial 1 answers
 
Lecture4 123713B
Lecture4 123713BLecture4 123713B
Lecture4 123713B
 
Lecture3 123713B
Lecture3 123713BLecture3 123713B
Lecture3 123713B
 
Lecture2 123713A
Lecture2 123713ALecture2 123713A
Lecture2 123713A
 
Lecture1 123713A
Lecture1 123713ALecture1 123713A
Lecture1 123713A
 
Organic chemistry and stereoisomers
Organic chemistry and stereoisomersOrganic chemistry and stereoisomers
Organic chemistry and stereoisomers
 

Último

Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )
Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )
Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )Brian Pichman
 
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and IstioComparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and IstioChristian Posta
 
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation DevelopersUiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation DevelopersUiPathCommunity
 
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online CollaborationCOMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaborationbruanjhuli
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesMd Hossain Ali
 
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsComputer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsSeth Reyes
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopBachir Benyammi
 
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding TeamAdam Moalla
 
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesLinked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesDavid Newbury
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintMahmoud Rabie
 
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPAAnypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPAshyamraj55
 
AI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity Webinar
AI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity WebinarAI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity Webinar
AI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity WebinarPrecisely
 
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBXVoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBXTarek Kalaji
 
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1DianaGray10
 
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdfIaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdfDaniel Santiago Silva Capera
 
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability AdventureOpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability AdventureEric D. Schabell
 
Using IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve Decarbonization
Using IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve DecarbonizationUsing IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve Decarbonization
Using IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve DecarbonizationIES VE
 
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Websitedgelyza
 
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Adtran
 
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1DianaGray10
 

Último (20)

Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )
Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )
Building Your Own AI Instance (TBLC AI )
 
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and IstioComparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
Comparing Sidecar-less Service Mesh from Cilium and Istio
 
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation DevelopersUiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
UiPath Community: AI for UiPath Automation Developers
 
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online CollaborationCOMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
 
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsComputer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
 
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 WorkshopNIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) 2.0 Workshop
 
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
 
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond OntologiesLinked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
Linked Data in Production: Moving Beyond Ontologies
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
 
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPAAnypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
Anypoint Code Builder , Google Pub sub connector and MuleSoft RPA
 
AI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity Webinar
AI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity WebinarAI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity Webinar
AI You Can Trust - Ensuring Success with Data Integrity Webinar
 
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBXVoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
 
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
 
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdfIaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
IaC & GitOps in a Nutshell - a FridayInANuthshell Episode.pdf
 
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability AdventureOpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
OpenShift Commons Paris - Choose Your Own Observability Adventure
 
Using IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve Decarbonization
Using IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve DecarbonizationUsing IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve Decarbonization
Using IESVE for Loads, Sizing and Heat Pump Modeling to Achieve Decarbonization
 
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
 
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
 
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
UiPath Platform: The Backend Engine Powering Your Automation - Session 1
 

Chemistry Living and Systems: 123.101 Lecture 1

  • 2. an introduction to chemistry and...
  • 3. ...how it relates to living things
  • 4. the study guide contains all the information you need
  • 6. but as I’m not here... ! ...the Prof will have to do
  • 7. my notes are available from: www.massey.ac.nz/~gjrowlan/teaching.html
  • 8. my notes are available from: http://www.slideshare.net/gjr2323
  • 9. Slideshare is an awesome resource for learning about presentations
  • 10. read each chapter in advance I will give different examples. Do not expect me to read it to you... ©Noukka Signe@Flickr
  • 12. Unit One Part 1: introduction pic: Aquarium of the Pacific
  • 13. Unit One Part 1: introduction these are not random pictures; the molecule is a potential painkiller called epibatidine which is isolated from poison dart frogs... pic: Aquarium of the Pacific
  • 14. why do we need organic chemistry?
  • 15. ...because its fun?? why do we need organic chemistry?
  • 16. why do we need organic chemistry? ...it keeps me in a job? Or...
  • 17. if w e want to understand living systems...
  • 18. we need to understand the individual organs...
  • 19. ...to understand organs, we have to understand cells...
  • 20. ...and still we have to get smaller and smaller...
  • 21. ...and to do this we must understand the molecules that make up these systems Me N Me Me N Fe N HO2C(H2C)2 N HO2C(H2C)2 Me haem
  • 22. ...lets stop with atoms & electrons! And none of this maths malarkey. but we don't need Image Credit: NIST/University of Colorado to get carried away...
  • 24. Me Me Me 11 12 Me Me Rhodopsin H 11-cis-retinal N (aldehyde not imine) Opsin photon Me Me Me Me isomers and the Me N H visual cascade all trans-retinal starts VISUAL CASCADE Opsin
  • 26. penicillin G antibacterial H H N S Me O N Me O CO2H http://staff.science.uva.nl/~dcslob/lesbrieven/maarten/Bacterien.html
  • 27. penicillin G Chemistry explains how penicillin blocks antibacterial bacterial cell wall synthesis. H H N S Me O N Me O CO2H http://staff.science.uva.nl/~dcslob/lesbrieven/maarten/Bacterien.html
  • 28. F OH OH O H N O Ca2+ N O Me Me 2 Liptor cholesterol treatment US$ 12.9 billion
  • 30. First we need to be able to communicate with each other... the language of chemistry...
  • 31. There are three ways of talking about chemicals... the language of chemistry...
  • 32. MACROSCOPIC bulk properties MICROSCOPIC SYMBOLIC atoms & chemical molecules formulae
  • 33. macroscopic representation physical properities ©DC Comics
  • 34. macroscopic representation physical properities obviously important (if you happen to get dunked in a vat of the stuff) ©DC Comics
  • 35. macroscopic representation physical properities but ignored in this lecture...lets just leave it for the lab... ©DC Comics
  • 36. how do we represent molecules?
  • 38. how we represent the actual molecules themselves... microscopic representation
  • 39. hexane molecular orbital representation
  • 40. hexane electrons spread over entire molecule...true but not very useful! molecular orbital representation
  • 41. hexane space filling representation
  • 42. hexane shows us the atoms and their relative size...but bonds hard to see space filling representation
  • 43. hexane ball and stick representation
  • 44. hexane atoms, bonds, shape, it has it all. Time consuming to draw so... ball and stick representation
  • 46. symbolic representation quick and dirty ways to represent molecules
  • 48. C3H7 just the ratio of atoms... empirical formula
  • 49. C3H7 ...too many possibilities! C6H14C24H56 12H28 C C15H35C30H70 C27H63 3H7 C18H42 C C21H49 formula 33H77 9H21 C C empirical
  • 50. C6H14 molecular formula
  • 51. C6H14 exact number of atoms... molecular formula
  • 52. C6H14 ...but not how they H H H H are connected H H H H H C C H H C H H H H C H H H C C C H C C H C C H C C H H HH C H H C C C H H H H H C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C H molecular H H H H H H formula
  • 54. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 bonding sorted... condensed formula
  • 55. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 H H O Me H C H H H Me N N H C C C C H (CH3)2CHCH(CH3)CH3 O N N H H H C H H H ...but bulky...and Me some structures condensed would be confusing! formula
  • 56. H H H H H H C C C H H C C C H H H H H H structural formula
  • 57. H H H H H H C C C H H C C C H H H H H H now we’re talking; atoms, bonding, shape. It has it all. But... structural formula
  • 58. H H H H H H C C C H H C C C H H H H H H ...can be messy and time consuming... H C H2C CH OH OH H2C N H H2C C CH2 H C C N CH HC C H C 2 N H N C C CH OMe HC C CH3 structural formula C O H
  • 60. Quick, easy and tells me everything...but do you understand what it means? skeletal (structural) formula
  • 61. other representations H H C H O O H H C C CHO H C C H H H H H OH Et H CHO Et H H OH HO Ph CH3 H CH3 H CH3 Ph Fischer Newman Sawhorse projection projection projection
  • 62. do not use this representation! H H H H H H H C C C C C C H H H H H H H
  • 63. do not use this representation! H H H H H H H C C C C C C H H H H H H H
  • 64. ...key to this course is understanding / interpreting these symbols ©Lucasfilms
  • 66. 4 H H C H H H H C C H H H C C H CARBON O H C H C O H H
  • 67. 4 H H C H H carbon always has H H four bonds... C C H H H C C H CARBON O H C H C O H H
  • 68. why? a good question & one we will partially answer later ©ultraBobban@Flickr
  • 69. 1 H H C H H HYDROGEN H C C H H H O H C H C O H H H H O C C H H C O H N H H
  • 70. 1 H H C H H HYDROGEN H C C H H H O H C H C O H H hydrogen always has one bond... H H O C C H H C O H N H H
  • 71. 2 H H C O H C H H H H H H H C C H C C H H O H H H O C C H H C O OXYGEN H N H H
  • 72. 3 H H O NITROGEN H C C C O H H N H H H H C N H H C C H H H H C C N H
  • 73. so how do we draw skeletal formulae?
  • 74. HO HO OH O O O NH2 O Cl OH O O HO Cl OH O O O H H H O N N N N N N H H H HN O O O O HO NH2 OH HO OH C CH Vancomycin can be all and removed
  • 75. HO HO OH O O O O assume each corner NH2 Cl OH O O is a carbon... HO Cl OH O O O H H H O N N N N N N H H H HN O O O O HO NH2 OH HO OH C CH Vancomycin can be all and removed
  • 76. HO HO OH O O O NH2 O Cl OH O O HO Cl OH O O O H H H O N N N N N N H H H HN O O O O NH2 ...and it will always HO have four bonds. OH HO OH C CH Vancomycin can be all and removed
  • 77. example one H H H C C C H C H H
  • 78. example one remove H H H H C C C C C C H C C H H –H
  • 79. example one H H H C C C C C C H C C H H –H –C now remove C
  • 80. example two H H C H C C C C H C H H
  • 81. example two H remove H H C H C C C C C C C C C H C H C –H H
  • 82. example two H H C H C C C C C C C C C H C H C –H –C H now remove C
  • 83. example three H O H C H H C O H N H H
  • 84. example three remove C–H BUT H O O leave all others! H C H C C H H C O C O H N H N H H H only remove CH
  • 85. example three This is key. We can only remove C–H bonds. We must leave all others... H O O H C H C C H H C O C O H N H N H H H only remove CH
  • 86. example three O H O O OH H C H C C H NH2 H C O C O H N H N H CO2H H H NH2 only remove –C CH now remove C
  • 87. example very im p ortant four reverse CO2H HO NH2
  • 88. example four reverse add C to corners CO2H C CO2H HO HO C +C NH2 NH2
  • 89. example four reverse H H CO2H C CO2H HO HO C C CO2H HO C +C +H NH2 NH2 H NH2 Add H to make all C have four bonds
  • 90. example four remember C has reverse four; O has two bonds and H has one H H CO2H C CO2H HO HO C C CO2H HO C +C +H NH2 NH2 H NH2 H H O H H O H H O H C C C C H C C H HO C O HO C O HO C O H NH2 H NH2 H NH2
  • 91. 2 example four reverse H H O H C C HO C O H NH2 neither of the O has OXYGEN two bonds
  • 92. 2 example four reverse H H O C C H HO C O O still does not have two bonds. This structure is wrong H NH2 OXYGEN
  • 93. 4 example four reverse H H O C C H HO C O CARBON H NH2 C still does not have four bonds. This structure is wrong
  • 94. Functional Groups pages 16-29 learn them ©"lapolab"@Flickr
  • 95. CHO NC CO2H example five reverse
  • 96. H CHO H C CHO C C H H C C C NC CO2H NC C C CO2H H H H add C to corners and H to make four bonds example five reverse
  • 97. H CHO H C CHO C C H H C C C NC CO2H NC C C CO2H now get three bonds H H H to N; two bonds to O and one to H H O H C C C C H H H C C C O example N C C C C H five H H H O reverse
  • 98. OH O OH O OHC OHC C C +C CO2H C C CO2H OH OH OH OH +H O H OH O H OH O C C C O OHC C C H C C C H C C CO2H HO H H OH O HO H H OH example six
  • 99. 4 what have ....we learnt? o r ga n i c c h e m i s try is easy if we can count to...
  • 100. 4 what have ....we learnt? oh, and it’s really important! o r ga n i c c h e m i s try is easy if we can count to...
  • 101. before next lecture... read Unit 1 Part 2 ©Noukka Signe@Flickr
  • 102. Acknowledgments gareth (Dr. GJ Rowlands) would to like thank Trevor Kitson Massey University & the 101 students www.massey.ac.nz/~gjrowlan