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Open Innovation
     Nat Torkington
   12 November 2012
FOO
Past
Present
Future
1991
Hyper-G and WWW
•   Bidirectional links   •   No back links

•   Document groups       •   Isolated documents

•   Searchable            •   Unsearchable

•   Backed by a company   •   Given away by CERN

•   Marketing             •   Word of mouth
My Paradox World
•   DNS                    •   Database

•   Sockets Networking     •   Mail Server

•   Operating System       •   Messaging Client

•   Programming Language   •   Calendar Server

•   Browser                •   ...

•   Web Server
Open Source Software
Ingredients      Baked
 Source       Binaries
Produce       Consume
Improve       Tolerate
“If you can’t open it,
 you don’t own it”
Richard Stallman’s
     Printer
Four Freedoms

• To run for any purpose
• To study and change
• To redistribute what you got
• To improve and release your improvements
Wikipedia
Wikipedia

• 1.5B readers (en)
• 10M views of 5M articles
• 81.5 edits/article on average
• 34k people (en), 80k globally
Invisible Walls
Software
• Charismatic leader   • Discussion
• Useful               • Change tracking and
                         control
• Enough motivated
  contributors         • Clear process
• Reputation           • Clear standards
• Bug tracking         • Easy entry
Wikipedia
• Charismatic leader   • Discussion
• Useful               • Change tracking and
                         control
• Enough motivated
  contributors         • Clear process
• Reputation           • Clear standards
• Bug tracking         • Easy entry
RedHat
$1.3B / $10B
MySQL
$1B, 40%
Google
$38B / $189B
Facebook
$3.8B / $82B
Amazon
$51B / $103B
Google, Facebook,
Amazon are all open
 source companies
Four Freedoms

• To run for any purpose
• To study and change
• To redistribute what you got
• To improve and release your improvements
Crowdsourcing
Galaxy Zoo
Problem: categorize 1M
galaxies from the Sloan
   Digital Sky Survey
         (2007)
24h: 70k/hr
>50M in 1st year
  50k people
2007
   Hanny van Arkel:
“what’s this voorwerp?”
Galaxy Zoo: 'Hanny's Voorwerp', a
 Quasar Light Echo? Chris J. Lintott, Kevin
Scawinski, William Keel, Hanny van Arkel, Edward
  Edmondson, Daniel Thomas, Nicola Bennert,
Daniel J.B. Smith, Peter D. Herbert, Matt J. Jarvis,
 Dan Andreescu, Steven P. Bamford, Kate Land,
    Phil Murray, Robert C. Nichol, M. Jordan
Raddick, Anze Slosar, Alex Szalay, Jan Vandenberg.
      MNRAS Volume 399 Issue 1
                 pp. 129 - 140
Zooniverse
‘Ancient Lives’
Oxyrhynchus papri
‘Old Weather’
Royal Navy ship logs
FoldIt
Mason-Pfizer virus
Diels-Alder enzyme
X Prizes
‘Grand Challenge’
Human Genome
   Project
Ansari Space X Prize
3 passengers, 100km,
       2 in 2
26 teams
7 nations
 $100M
  $10M
Google Lunar
 Archon Genomics
  Nokia Sensing
Qualcomm Tricorder
Wendy Schmidt Oil
Netflix
$1M 2006-2009
  200 teams
Kaggle
Open Data
GenBank
126,551,501,141 bases
135,440,924 sequences
Jim Kent
 June 22
 June 25
Checklist
• Charismatic leader   • Discussion
• Useful               • Change tracking and
                         control
• Enough motivated
  contributors         • Clear process
• Reputation           • Clear standards
• Bug tracking         • Easy entry
US Geospatial Industry
        $4B
GPS
TIGER
NZG Cabinet
Declaration on
 Open Data
open.org.nz
Gates Foundation
 Global Health
Marsden
                  Requirements
 Include the following matters in the final report to the Society required under clause
 4.2(c):


    (i) which data and sample repositories will be used to store the metadata, data
        and samples collected as part of the Programme; and

    (ii) where the metadata will be stored if no data or sample repositories are
         available.

(k) Unless prohibited under any required ethical consent or approval, establish
    adequate and reasonable access to metadata, data and samples collected as
    part of the Programme within twelve months of the Completion Date of the
    Contract to:

    (i) people carrying out research; and

    (ii) national and international repositories.
What’s the Internet
   Good At?
1. Copying and Shipping
   2. Forming Groups
Effects

• Lower barrier to entry
• Downstream impact
• Not in academic publications
We Don’t Value

• Lower barrier to entry
• Downstream impact
• Not in academic publications
Incentive-Created
    Distortion
‘Impact Factor’
Time
   Quality
Reproducibility
Biggest Successes
R
Weka
Resources

• http://open.org.nz
• Fabiana Kubke
• Nick Jones
• Tim McNamara
Nathan Torkington
        Kiwi Foo
  nathan@torkington.com

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Open Innovation

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