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Quality in Outsourcing
Based on the Quality Progress Article:
Quality in Outsourcing - Essentials for Today’s Global Marketplace
http://www.asq.org/quality-progress/2008/08/global-quality/in-the-know.html




   Govind Ramu, P.Eng,
   ASQ CQMgr, CQE, CSSBB, CQA, CSQE, CRE,
   ASQ Fellow,
   QMS 2000 Principal Auditor IRCA (UK)
   Past Section Chair Ottawa Valley- ASQ Canada
   http://www.asq.org/sixsigma/about/govind.html
What Is Outsourcing?

    Outsourcing involves the transfer of products, services, and business
    processes to an external service provider.
    The outsourcing organization and the outsourcing partner enter into a
    service level agreement that defines the contractual conditions for
    transferred products and or services.
    “Outsourcing” and “offshoring” are used interchangeably. However there
    are technical differences. Outsourcing involves contracting with an
    outsourcing partner, which may or may not involve offshoring.
    Offshoring is the transfer of an organizational function to another
    country, regardless of whether the work is outsourced or stays within the
    same corporation/company.
    Other terms used in the outsourcing world are “multisourcing”,
    “nearshoring”, etc.



                                                             Reference: Wiki, Sourcingmag, etc.
Govind Ramu
Why Outsourcing?

    Significantly reduce overall costs by
    generating products and services from
    locations that have lower labor, materials,
    infrastructure and maintenance costs.
    Reduce “time to volume” (TTV) for new
    products.
    Access to an abundance of human resources,
    localized skills and knowledge, unique
    patented supplies.
    Supply chain efficiencies when products are
    shipped directly to customers. (Drop Ship)

                                                                                   As of 13th Oct 2008
              3 Minutes –
              Allow audience to interact and provide any
              other reasons for outsourcing.
                                         Poll Reference: http://www.sourcingmag.com/content/what_is_outsourcing.asp
Govind Ramu
What Does “Quality” Have to Do with Outsourcing?


       Quality is not limited to product or service issues*. Quality is
       also applicable to the overall process of creating products
       and or services.
       Quality considerations apply to every aspect of outsourcing,
       not just auditing and surveillance.
       Lack of quality at any point in the outsourcing process can
       result in product recall or major outsourcing risks.
       Without due diligence and appropriate controls, outsourcing
       could end up being costlier than in-house manufacturing or
       service, resulting in high defect rates, late deliveries, poor
       service and customer dissatisfaction.
      July 2008 Quick Poll Quality Progress Site
      Which Quality myth is hardest to disprove to management?
      #1 : Quality is strictly about product or service issues- 35.4%
Govind Ramu
What Does ISO9001:2008 say about Outsourcing?

       An quot;outsourced processquot; is identified as one being needed
       for the organization’s quality management system but
       chosen to be performed by a party external to the
       organization.
       Ensuring control over outsourced processes does not
       absolve the organization of the responsibility of conformity
       to all customer, statutory and regulatory requirements. The
       type and nature of control to be applied to the outsourced
       process may be influenced by factors such as:
        – a) the potential impact of the outsourced process on the
          organization’s capability to provide product that conforms to
          requirements;
        – b) the extent to which the control for the process is shared;
        – c) the capability of achieving the necessary control through the
          application of clause 7.4.
              (ISO 9001:2008 4.1 Notes 2 and 3)
Govind Ramu
Quality of Overall Process (Process Model)


                                  Process Feedback



                    Equipment      Methods
                                                               Output
 Quality of
 Process
                                                                                         Internal/
                                                               Product or
 Input                                                                                  External
                                                                 Service                Customer



                                          Others
                   People    Material


                                                   Internal/ external feedback

              15 Minutes –
              Take an example of process within Outsourcing and brainstorm
              with the audience. Example: “ Testing Equipment Transfer”
              process.                                    Process Flow diagram Courtesy: Elsmar COVE
Govind Ramu
When to Apply Quality in Outsourcing?


       Quality for the outsourcing process must commence at the
       planning stages of new product development.
       For an existing product or service, a comprehensive plan
       also must be developed for the outsourcing process prior to
       execution.
       Planning must cover material, equipment, manufacturing
       and transactional processes, hardware, software, domain
       knowledge, skill sets, people availability, communication
       protocol and more.




Govind Ramu
Considerations for Quality in Outsourcing?

   Two high-level requirements for successful outsourcing:
     Due diligence in applying quality basics that might seem
     generic to any program. (Example: scope management,
     roles and responsibilities, risk management, communication
     protocol, lessons learned, etc.)
     Careful advance consideration of the special circumstances
     presented by projects and programs in the current global
     economy. (Intellectual property, trade compliance, cultural
     differences, communication, virtual teams, tacit knowledge,
     logistics, process maturity, etc.)




Govind Ramu
Quality in Outsourcing Body of Knowledge




Govind Ramu
Body of Knowledge development




Govind Ramu
Comparison of Bodies of Knowledge




Govind Ramu
Exploring Major categories of
                    Body of Knowledge


              Allow audience to interact and provide any feedback on
              additional challenges & issues faced in every major category
              discussed in subsequent slides. (3 minutes / Category)

Govind Ramu
Project Management




Govind Ramu
Quality in Project Management

       Scope Creep: Scope creep can result in cost overrun and
       project delays, causing frustration and strain in the
       relationship with outsource partners.
       Risk Management: Do not underestimate the importance of
       a substantive approach to risk management. Quantifying
       risks in terms of dollars is one way to guarantee attention
       from team participants.
       Lessons Learned: Sharing project experiences can reduce
       waste, keep costs down and prevent embarrassment for
       management. Report items relevant to the current project in
       the first planning meeting.
      Related Reading:
      ISO 10006:2003, Quality management systems - Guidelines for quality management in projects
      Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling – Harold Kerzner



Govind Ramu
Team Management




Govind Ramu
Quality in Team Management

       Managing multicultural team: Cross-culture training for all
       team members will reduce the impact of cultural
       differences.
       Roles & responsibilities: A RACI or RASCI* format
       approach to roles and responsibilities can help identify
       gaps, overlap, and other aspects like accountability,
       consultation, support and information.
       Challenges-
        – Team attrition: Booming economy creating high demand
           for quality human resources.
        – Virtual teams: Productivity, tracking progress, lack of
           participation (cultural, communication), morale issues not
           visible.
        Related Reading :
        *RASCI- http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_raci.html
        The Team Handbook, Third Edition,Joiner, Brian L.; Streibel, Barbara J.; Scholtes, Peter R.


Govind Ramu
Communications Management




Govind Ramu
Quality in Communication Management

        The lost art of listening: Active listening helps focus on the
        critical aspects of the communication from the noise around
        the process.
        Protocol: Develop communication and escalation protocol
        between the teams.
        Challenges:
         – Technical interpretation: We might need more than
            department admin asst and pocket translator. Develop a
            glossary of common vocabulary and operations
            definitions to be used consistently across both sides.
         – Virtual teams: Impact to the advantages gained from
            face-to-face interaction, nonverbal communication and
            personal relationships.
        Related Reading :
        Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling – Harold Kerzner
Govind Ramu
Knowledge Management




Govind Ramu
Quality in Knowledge Management

       Structured Approach: Understand the DIKW chain-the
       metaphorical link, pace and mode of transfer.
       Infrastructure: Explore web portal, SharePoint®, custom
       database with intelligent query options, etc. Wealth of
       information is useless if we cannot retrieve.
       Scope: Knowledge management should extend beyond
       domain expertise. Should also cover statutory, regulatory,
       legal requirements.
       Challenges:
        – Tacit Knowledge: Encourage documenting tacit
           knowledge by driving out fear.

       Related Reading :
       Managing Industrial Knowledge: Creation, Transfer and Utilization, Editors: Nonaka & Teece
       Sage Publications
Govind Ramu
Supply Chain Management




Govind Ramu
Quality in Supply Chain Management

        Maturity Assessment: Effective supplier relationships are built on
        comprehensive maturity assessments, and understanding the
        gap.
        Service Level Agreements: Cost reduction from outsourcing
        partner should come from efficiency and not compromising the
        requirements.
        Partnership-Collaboration: The fundamentals at each location
        must first be in place. The maturity assessment should reveal the
        outsource partner's readiness for such collaborations .
        Challenges:
         – Intellectual Property: Your outsourcing partner likely also
           provides service to your competitors, so you should assess
           the controls in place for the security of your intellectual
           property.
            Related Reading :
            Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, by Robert M. Monczka (Author), Robert B. Handfield (Author),
Govind Ramu Larry C. Giunipero (Author), James L. Patterson (Author)
Quality Engineering & Management




Govind Ramu
Quality Engineering and Management

        Business model :Awareness of the outsource partner's business
        model, strategic planning and deployment helps in identifying any
        synergy between the organizations and areas to strengthen future
        collaboration.
        Traceability-record retention: This suddenly becomes very important
        in times of field failures and subsequent product recalls. The level
        and depth of traceability is usually an economic decision.
        Third party surveillance: Organization should set up an independent
        third party to periodically certify product safety. Products' and
        services' overall life cycle costs should always be kept in mind while
        outsourcing.
        Challenges:
         – Failure cost: One major product recall, liability suit or intellectual
             property violation might wipe out the initial savings.
 Related Reading :
 Juran Quality Handbook, by J.M. Juran (Author), A.Blanton Godfrey (Author) (McGraw-Hill International Editions)
Govind Ramu
Acronyms & Abbreviations

       CAPA = corrective and           PEST = political, economic,
       preventative actions            social and technological
       CPM = critical path method      analysis
       COQ = cost of quality           PERT = program evaluation
       DIKW = Data, information,       and review technique
       knowledge, and wisdom
                                       ROI = return on investment
       DFA = design for assembly
                                       SWOT = strengths,
       DFM = design for
                                       weaknesses, opportunities
       manufacturability
                                       and threats
       DFX = design for excellence
                                       SW = software
       DFT = design for test
                                       TQRDC = technology,
       FMEA = failure mode effects
                                       quality, responsiveness,
       analysis
                                       delivery and cost
       FMECA = failure mode effects
       criticality analysis            WBS = work breakdown
                                       structure
       IRR = internal rate of return
       NPV = net present value
       PDPC = process decision
       program chart



Govind Ramu
Recommended Reading


       Randall L. Goodden, “Better Safe Than Sorry,” Quality
       Progress, May 2008, pp. 28-34, addresses product safety
       and liability in detail.
       Cliff Welborn, “Using FMEA to Assess Outsourcing Risk,”
       Quality Progress, August 2007, pp. 17-21.
       George C. Elliott, “International Outsourcing: Values vs.
       Economics, ” Quality Progress, August 2006, pp. 20-25.
       David K. Watkins, “Quality Role in Management’s Global
       Sourcing,” Quality Progress, April 2005, pp. 24-31.
       Yule S. Peterson, “Outsourcing: Opportunity or Burden?,”
       Quality Progress, June 1998, pp. 64-65.

Govind Ramu
Acknowledgements

       Ms.Noel Wilson, ASQ Body of Knowledge for review,
       suggestions, manuscript coordination and being a
       continuous source of encouragement.
       Dr. Harvey Trop, PhD, JDSU for the initial review and
       suggestions.
       Mr. Randall L. Goodden, ASQ Fellow, president of
       Goodden Enterprises LLC for the initial review and
       feedback.
       Mr. Pradip Mehta, P.E, ASQ Fellow, Principal
       Mehta Consulting, LLC, for the initial review and feedback.




Govind Ramu

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Quality In Outsourcing

  • 1. Quality in Outsourcing Based on the Quality Progress Article: Quality in Outsourcing - Essentials for Today’s Global Marketplace http://www.asq.org/quality-progress/2008/08/global-quality/in-the-know.html Govind Ramu, P.Eng, ASQ CQMgr, CQE, CSSBB, CQA, CSQE, CRE, ASQ Fellow, QMS 2000 Principal Auditor IRCA (UK) Past Section Chair Ottawa Valley- ASQ Canada http://www.asq.org/sixsigma/about/govind.html
  • 2. What Is Outsourcing? Outsourcing involves the transfer of products, services, and business processes to an external service provider. The outsourcing organization and the outsourcing partner enter into a service level agreement that defines the contractual conditions for transferred products and or services. “Outsourcing” and “offshoring” are used interchangeably. However there are technical differences. Outsourcing involves contracting with an outsourcing partner, which may or may not involve offshoring. Offshoring is the transfer of an organizational function to another country, regardless of whether the work is outsourced or stays within the same corporation/company. Other terms used in the outsourcing world are “multisourcing”, “nearshoring”, etc. Reference: Wiki, Sourcingmag, etc. Govind Ramu
  • 3. Why Outsourcing? Significantly reduce overall costs by generating products and services from locations that have lower labor, materials, infrastructure and maintenance costs. Reduce “time to volume” (TTV) for new products. Access to an abundance of human resources, localized skills and knowledge, unique patented supplies. Supply chain efficiencies when products are shipped directly to customers. (Drop Ship) As of 13th Oct 2008 3 Minutes – Allow audience to interact and provide any other reasons for outsourcing. Poll Reference: http://www.sourcingmag.com/content/what_is_outsourcing.asp Govind Ramu
  • 4. What Does “Quality” Have to Do with Outsourcing? Quality is not limited to product or service issues*. Quality is also applicable to the overall process of creating products and or services. Quality considerations apply to every aspect of outsourcing, not just auditing and surveillance. Lack of quality at any point in the outsourcing process can result in product recall or major outsourcing risks. Without due diligence and appropriate controls, outsourcing could end up being costlier than in-house manufacturing or service, resulting in high defect rates, late deliveries, poor service and customer dissatisfaction. July 2008 Quick Poll Quality Progress Site Which Quality myth is hardest to disprove to management? #1 : Quality is strictly about product or service issues- 35.4% Govind Ramu
  • 5. What Does ISO9001:2008 say about Outsourcing? An quot;outsourced processquot; is identified as one being needed for the organization’s quality management system but chosen to be performed by a party external to the organization. Ensuring control over outsourced processes does not absolve the organization of the responsibility of conformity to all customer, statutory and regulatory requirements. The type and nature of control to be applied to the outsourced process may be influenced by factors such as: – a) the potential impact of the outsourced process on the organization’s capability to provide product that conforms to requirements; – b) the extent to which the control for the process is shared; – c) the capability of achieving the necessary control through the application of clause 7.4. (ISO 9001:2008 4.1 Notes 2 and 3) Govind Ramu
  • 6. Quality of Overall Process (Process Model) Process Feedback Equipment Methods Output Quality of Process Internal/ Product or Input External Service Customer Others People Material Internal/ external feedback 15 Minutes – Take an example of process within Outsourcing and brainstorm with the audience. Example: “ Testing Equipment Transfer” process. Process Flow diagram Courtesy: Elsmar COVE Govind Ramu
  • 7. When to Apply Quality in Outsourcing? Quality for the outsourcing process must commence at the planning stages of new product development. For an existing product or service, a comprehensive plan also must be developed for the outsourcing process prior to execution. Planning must cover material, equipment, manufacturing and transactional processes, hardware, software, domain knowledge, skill sets, people availability, communication protocol and more. Govind Ramu
  • 8. Considerations for Quality in Outsourcing? Two high-level requirements for successful outsourcing: Due diligence in applying quality basics that might seem generic to any program. (Example: scope management, roles and responsibilities, risk management, communication protocol, lessons learned, etc.) Careful advance consideration of the special circumstances presented by projects and programs in the current global economy. (Intellectual property, trade compliance, cultural differences, communication, virtual teams, tacit knowledge, logistics, process maturity, etc.) Govind Ramu
  • 9. Quality in Outsourcing Body of Knowledge Govind Ramu
  • 10. Body of Knowledge development Govind Ramu
  • 11. Comparison of Bodies of Knowledge Govind Ramu
  • 12. Exploring Major categories of Body of Knowledge Allow audience to interact and provide any feedback on additional challenges & issues faced in every major category discussed in subsequent slides. (3 minutes / Category) Govind Ramu
  • 14. Quality in Project Management Scope Creep: Scope creep can result in cost overrun and project delays, causing frustration and strain in the relationship with outsource partners. Risk Management: Do not underestimate the importance of a substantive approach to risk management. Quantifying risks in terms of dollars is one way to guarantee attention from team participants. Lessons Learned: Sharing project experiences can reduce waste, keep costs down and prevent embarrassment for management. Report items relevant to the current project in the first planning meeting. Related Reading: ISO 10006:2003, Quality management systems - Guidelines for quality management in projects Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling – Harold Kerzner Govind Ramu
  • 16. Quality in Team Management Managing multicultural team: Cross-culture training for all team members will reduce the impact of cultural differences. Roles & responsibilities: A RACI or RASCI* format approach to roles and responsibilities can help identify gaps, overlap, and other aspects like accountability, consultation, support and information. Challenges- – Team attrition: Booming economy creating high demand for quality human resources. – Virtual teams: Productivity, tracking progress, lack of participation (cultural, communication), morale issues not visible. Related Reading : *RASCI- http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_raci.html The Team Handbook, Third Edition,Joiner, Brian L.; Streibel, Barbara J.; Scholtes, Peter R. Govind Ramu
  • 18. Quality in Communication Management The lost art of listening: Active listening helps focus on the critical aspects of the communication from the noise around the process. Protocol: Develop communication and escalation protocol between the teams. Challenges: – Technical interpretation: We might need more than department admin asst and pocket translator. Develop a glossary of common vocabulary and operations definitions to be used consistently across both sides. – Virtual teams: Impact to the advantages gained from face-to-face interaction, nonverbal communication and personal relationships. Related Reading : Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling – Harold Kerzner Govind Ramu
  • 20. Quality in Knowledge Management Structured Approach: Understand the DIKW chain-the metaphorical link, pace and mode of transfer. Infrastructure: Explore web portal, SharePoint®, custom database with intelligent query options, etc. Wealth of information is useless if we cannot retrieve. Scope: Knowledge management should extend beyond domain expertise. Should also cover statutory, regulatory, legal requirements. Challenges: – Tacit Knowledge: Encourage documenting tacit knowledge by driving out fear. Related Reading : Managing Industrial Knowledge: Creation, Transfer and Utilization, Editors: Nonaka & Teece Sage Publications Govind Ramu
  • 22. Quality in Supply Chain Management Maturity Assessment: Effective supplier relationships are built on comprehensive maturity assessments, and understanding the gap. Service Level Agreements: Cost reduction from outsourcing partner should come from efficiency and not compromising the requirements. Partnership-Collaboration: The fundamentals at each location must first be in place. The maturity assessment should reveal the outsource partner's readiness for such collaborations . Challenges: – Intellectual Property: Your outsourcing partner likely also provides service to your competitors, so you should assess the controls in place for the security of your intellectual property. Related Reading : Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, by Robert M. Monczka (Author), Robert B. Handfield (Author), Govind Ramu Larry C. Giunipero (Author), James L. Patterson (Author)
  • 23. Quality Engineering & Management Govind Ramu
  • 24. Quality Engineering and Management Business model :Awareness of the outsource partner's business model, strategic planning and deployment helps in identifying any synergy between the organizations and areas to strengthen future collaboration. Traceability-record retention: This suddenly becomes very important in times of field failures and subsequent product recalls. The level and depth of traceability is usually an economic decision. Third party surveillance: Organization should set up an independent third party to periodically certify product safety. Products' and services' overall life cycle costs should always be kept in mind while outsourcing. Challenges: – Failure cost: One major product recall, liability suit or intellectual property violation might wipe out the initial savings. Related Reading : Juran Quality Handbook, by J.M. Juran (Author), A.Blanton Godfrey (Author) (McGraw-Hill International Editions) Govind Ramu
  • 25. Acronyms & Abbreviations CAPA = corrective and PEST = political, economic, preventative actions social and technological CPM = critical path method analysis COQ = cost of quality PERT = program evaluation DIKW = Data, information, and review technique knowledge, and wisdom ROI = return on investment DFA = design for assembly SWOT = strengths, DFM = design for weaknesses, opportunities manufacturability and threats DFX = design for excellence SW = software DFT = design for test TQRDC = technology, FMEA = failure mode effects quality, responsiveness, analysis delivery and cost FMECA = failure mode effects criticality analysis WBS = work breakdown structure IRR = internal rate of return NPV = net present value PDPC = process decision program chart Govind Ramu
  • 26. Recommended Reading Randall L. Goodden, “Better Safe Than Sorry,” Quality Progress, May 2008, pp. 28-34, addresses product safety and liability in detail. Cliff Welborn, “Using FMEA to Assess Outsourcing Risk,” Quality Progress, August 2007, pp. 17-21. George C. Elliott, “International Outsourcing: Values vs. Economics, ” Quality Progress, August 2006, pp. 20-25. David K. Watkins, “Quality Role in Management’s Global Sourcing,” Quality Progress, April 2005, pp. 24-31. Yule S. Peterson, “Outsourcing: Opportunity or Burden?,” Quality Progress, June 1998, pp. 64-65. Govind Ramu
  • 27. Acknowledgements Ms.Noel Wilson, ASQ Body of Knowledge for review, suggestions, manuscript coordination and being a continuous source of encouragement. Dr. Harvey Trop, PhD, JDSU for the initial review and suggestions. Mr. Randall L. Goodden, ASQ Fellow, president of Goodden Enterprises LLC for the initial review and feedback. Mr. Pradip Mehta, P.E, ASQ Fellow, Principal Mehta Consulting, LLC, for the initial review and feedback. Govind Ramu