Increasingly, operators worldwide will be faced with a similar challenge of managing data congestion over multiple access networks. With networks evolving into LTE, operators would need to carefully assess the technology fit into integrating complementary nature of multiple access networks into an all-IP flat architecture. An all IP flat architecture helps to tie heterogeneous access networks that devices can attach to access end-user services. Communication devices today are able to connect with more than one type of wireless technologies to the “web of things”. An end-user will connect to a Wi-Fi hotspot, if within range. When moving away from range, the communication link is handover to for example, UMTS. The motivation of inter-working lies in marrying the diverse strengths of each communication technology. High-bandwidth data communication inherent in WLAN lacks mobility. Conversely, cellular technologies such as UMTS succeed in highly mobile environments, but limited in bandwidth. Although cellular networks are evolving from today’s 3G to LTE that brings promise of capacity leaps (by nearly 4 times), the overall data growth projection will outpace LTE deployments and fill up very quickly. The immediate need to curtail congested network and effectively manage mobility is imminent to accommodate the data traffic on their networks. The impact of inter-mobility between inter access technology together with various types of mobility support including 3GPP legacy network and non 3GPP is necessary to provide a target low-latency, higher data-rate, all-IP core network capable of supporting real-time packet services. Some of the available IP mobility protocols lack sufficient control to the network to optimize the handover process and do not handle well with slow connection setups of some wireless technologies. This paper highlights the potential approaches of bringing together mobility technologies that are available and how these approaches contribute to resolve operator concerns in deployment of services and combating congestion, access technology integration and evolution to LTE from legacy 3GPP networks.

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2. Abstract
Increasingly, operators worldwide will be faced with a similar challenge of managing data congestion
over multiple access networks. With networks evolving into LTE, operators would need to carefully
assess the technology fit into integrating complementary nature of multiple access networks into an
all-IP flat architecture. An all IP flat architecture helps to tie heterogeneous access networks that
devices can attach to access end-user services. Communication devices today are able to connect
with more than one type of wireless technologies to the “web of things”. These connections typically
offer the same or similar capabilities (e.g. IP data). An end-user will connect to a Wi-Fi hotspot, if
within range. When moving away from range, the communication link is handover to for example,
UMTS. The motivation of inter-working lies in marrying the diverse strengths of each communication
technology. High-bandwidth data communication inherent in WLAN lacks mobility. Conversely,
cellular technologies such as UMTS succeed in highly mobile environments, but limited in
bandwidth. Although cellular networks are evolving from today’s 3G to LTE that brings promise of
capacity leaps (by nearly 4 times), the overall data growth projection will outpace LTE deployments
and fill up very quickly.
The immediate need to curtail congested network and effectively manage mobility is imminent to
accommodate the data traffic on their networks. The impact of inter-mobility between inter access
technology together with various types of mobility support including 3GPP legacy network and non
3GPP is necessary to provide a target low-latency, higher data-rate, all-IP core network capable of
supporting real-time packet services. Some of the available IP mobility protocols lack sufficient
control to the network to optimize the handover process and do not handle well with slow
connection setups of some wireless technologies. This paper highlights the potential approaches of
bringing together mobility technologies that are available and how these approaches contribute to
resolve operator concerns in deployment of services and combating congestion, access technology
integration and evolution to LTE from legacy 3GPP networks.
Shift of inter-technology mobility is key component in bringing new services to market, closing the
gap on disparate radio technologies to an integrated delivery platform for optimization of CAPEX and
simplifying LTE deployments.
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3. Contents
Overview 01
Mobility Management, a Closer Look 02
• Coverage, Economics, and Differentiation toward Multi-Access Wireless Networking
Mobility Protocols and Standards 05
• Network-based Mobility
- PMIP
• Host-based Mobility
- DSMIP
Greenpacket Smart Mobility 07
Putting Mobility Management In Practice 08
• New Data Services Through LTE co-exist with UMTS
Conclusion 09
Manage Your Moves, in Every Network Seamlessly 10
References 11
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4. Overview
The rapid growth of data usage is evident and heightened by the worldwide smartphone shipments increasing by 87.2%1
year on year. The emergence of smartphones, feature phones and tablets are leading the change in transforming the next
generation of user interfaces. Mobile communication has become more important in the recent years. With a service mix
of data, voice, VoIP, IPTV and value added service creation operators are challenged to deliver exceptional user
experience to the end-users. To guarantee user mobility in a cellular network, devices should be able to move seamlessly
in and out of networks. The development of such evolved communication is driven by continuing 3GPP standardization
adopting an all-IP flat architecture in Long Term Evolution (LTE). The IP-based architecture of LTE will evolve towards
Evolved Packet Core (otherwise known as Systems Architecture Evolution, SAE).
3GPP standard defines inter-RAT mobility referring to mobility support between LTE and 3GPP technologies and
inter-technology mobility2 between LTE and non-3GPP technologies. Inter-technology mobility is the ability to support
movement of a device between differing radio access networks.
A basic form of inter-technology mobility can be achieved by a multi-access network enabled device through operator
controlled network selection or user controlled selection. In this case, the device or the user selects which access
network to use and initiates access to it. If the selected access network becomes unavailable, the device selects another
technology, initiate access to it and re-establish communications with the applications again. This basic form of
inter-technology mobility is marginally acceptable for some applications (e.g. email and web browsing) and common for
nomadic users that do not require a high level of QoS. Conversely, in session-based or transaction based applications
(e.g. financial transactions, VPN access, VoIP, video) it seriously degrades the user experience. The process of
re-authenticating onto the network and accessing applications can cause delays and disruption to services. Latency is
not permitted, since this would cause packet loss during the handover period or disrupt the call due to excessive jitter.
For example, a user could be watching video both which may stop during handover.
In order to maintain service continuity, a seamless handover is performed to certain radio performance parameters; delay
constraints in relation to service interruption and the service quality. A seamless handover be it intra or inter handover, is
required by strict QoS and can vary only within a minimal measure, so that changes are not noticeable to the user.
Seamless handover specifications are evolving and in draft development. Within the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF) standardization, several protocol variants of Mobile IP (MIP) ranging from MIPv4/v6, PMIPv4/v6, FMIP to HMIP are
already addressing seamless mobility in some aspects at the network and IP level. Additionally, the execution of
seamless mobility together with offloading in consideration, can contribute to less congested networks. The applied
DS-MIPv4/v6 and MIP v4/v6 are commonly adopted in 3GPP architectures (such as iWLAN, ANDSF) in mobility
management and data offloading.
01
1 Source : International Data Corporation (IDC) Worldwide Quarterly Mobile Phone Tracker (Jan 2011)
2 Note: Inter-technology mobility refers to both variants of inter-RAT mobility between LTE-3GPP and
inter-technology mobility between LTE-non 3GPP.
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5. Mobility Management, a Closer Look
The integration between 3GPP and non-3GPP access technologies into the EPC, brings new set of opportunities and
challenges relating to mobility support. The primary need for an IP-based system in cellular communications is driven by
the convergence between telecommunications and Internet in its aim to deliver the Internet and all its services to the
end-users. IP-based cellular system will result in easier and quicker development in integrating multiple access
technologies within a single common IP core architecture which contribute to reduced cost of development for operators
and freedom to choose any access technology without having to excessively overhaul the existing IP core or an IP core
overlay. IP mobility can be adopted to execute inter-mobility standards through various 3GPP specifications. The vehicles
of IP mobility include MIP, DS-MIP, PMIP support.
Mobility management comprise of mechanisms needed to allow wireless devices to move while staying connected to the
radio network, whether homogeneous or heterogeneous. In the simpler term, mobility management primarily deals with
addressing. Devices with multiple interfaces (e.g. UMTS , Wi-Fi, WiMAX etc.) are becoming commonly available and the
set of applications running in the mobile devices is diversifying with some applications run better over 3GPP access
networks (e.g. voice) while some applications run better over complementary - access networks (e.g. ftp transfer via
Wi-Fi). With transition to 4G mobile communication, it is inevitable for better control over radio resource management
(RRM) to complement mobility management methods. It is likely for 3G/4G systems will be characterized by inter-RAT,
IP-based architecture to permit the development of high performance handover. The goal of inter-technology mobility is
highly focused on support in:
• IP addressing in IPv4 and IPv6 flavors
• Network-based and host-based handovers
• Minimized IP core architecture and scalable overlay networks
• Minimized packet losses during handover
• Minimized packet delays
Through mobility management, the inter access network handover process can be further optimized while facilitating
effective offload strategies. Typically, horizontal handover coordinate between two homogeneous networks, handover
within the same network type, e.g. Wi-Fi to Wi-Fi. Vertical handover is the term that describes two heterogeneous
networks e.g. Wi-Fi to UMTS, LTE to UMTS. Handovers in cellular communications typically occurs over data link layer
(Layer 2). However, MIP is often used to allow mobility in the packet data domain i.e. IP layer. The support of seamless
mobility from one access point to another is fundamental in deployment of next generation wireless networks. The suite
of MIP protocol range from MIPv4/v6, DS-MIPv4/v6, FMIP, HMIP. Different flavor of MIP is used to suit differing business
needs and architectures as deemed fit.
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6. Coverage, Economics, and Differentiation toward Multi-Access Wireless Networking
Support for multiple network technologies
and the corresponding multimedia core
network functionality in a multi-access,
multi-service enviroment.
BTS
GERAN
SGSN/MME AAA/HSS
Rel.6/7
NodeB Gn/Gp
UTRAN SGSN
Rel.8
Rel.8 S4 — SGSN
S12 — Direct S11 — MME
Tunnel
Rel.6/7
Direct
LTE Tunnel
Internet
eNodeB IMS
E-UTRAN
SGW PGW/ Operator’s IP
GGSN Service Domain
WiFi/Femto/
Untrusted
WiFi/Femto/
Network Other
ePDG
Figure 1: Migration to Converged 4G Networks
Source: Cisco
There are many reasons for operators wanting to effectively manage mobility to drive wireless service to new heights.
In the early stage of network build, geographic expansion is necessary. Subsequent to that, operators are seeking to
bundle services (e.g. voice, content, high-speed broadband) for broader coverage to leverage on Wi-Fi. Hence, some
form of marrying offload strategies come into play. In some markets, data demands are already outstripping the
operator’s revenue in excess of backhaul and core network bottlenecks. To ease the capacity constraints and economic
trade-offs, operators are turning to operator-owned Wi-Fi hotspots, metro Wi-Fi hotspots, Enterprise Wi-Fi hotspots and
home Wi-Fi hotspots to deliver content, broadband and applications. Whether it is 3G, Wi-Fi or LTE, a consistent
experience when accessing services, content and the internet is the end-user expectation for ubiquitous coverage
disregarding which access network they are using at a given time.
The benefits of inter-working architecture are clear; however operators need incentive to deploy a new technology with
promise of revenues outweighing the investment. Likewise, users should see tangible incentives to pay for greater
service commitment. Simply put, the end-user should see a significant improvement in their user experience. Given a
case in scenario, a user can access different services (multiple service flows) such as video call, p2p download and ftp
with different QoS concurrently. Based on the operator’s policies in relation to the application and access network, the
routing of IP flows should behave differently. The conversational video call will be routed via 3GPP access, while the delay
tolerant, best effort p2p download can be routed through non-3GPP access (e.g. Wi-Fi) in the presence of multiple
access networks.
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7. Upon the user leaving the non-3GPP connectivity due to movement of location (mobility), the IP service flow for p2p
download can be triggered to move onto 3GPP access in what is termed as IP flow mobility. (3GPP Release 10 specifies
IP flow mobility). When the user re-enters/enter a location where 3GPP and non-3GPP access is available, the p2p
download is moved back onto the non-3GPP access. All the while, the end-user need not suffer from discontinuity of
services and/or denial due to congestion without major impact in their pricing plans. In cases where users are willing to
pay for premium content, the service commitment is a thrust for operators to retain customers, build loyalty and win back
customers through enabling excellent user experience.
Operators would like to own both the cellular networks and IP networks, but most don’t. The approach in deploying
IP-based network architecture is dependent on the flexibility of existing infrastructure. In simple mathematical terms,
the practicality of deploying IP-based networks should maximize large range and high bandwidth, with minimum cost for
the inter-working. Mobile operators see a gap between bandwidth demand and capacity. The forthcoming LTE/EPC
architecture is anticipated to bring significant changes to the access and core networks that emphasize backward
compatibility. The key goal of flatter, distributed IP architecture is critical to accomplish the convergence and seamless
inter-working between heterogeneous wireless networks.
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8. Mobility Protocols and Standards
Mobile IPv4 was conceived by the IETF and specified in RFC3344 to allow a node within a communication network to
continue using its "permanent" home address (HoA) as it moves around the internet. The Mobile IP protocol support
transparency above the IP layer. Due to the practicality, technicality and business requirements, MIPv4 is less efficient
method of IP data delivery. Mobile IPv6 (RFC3775) introduces mobility support into IPv6. This enables nodes to maintain
connectivity while moving around between different access links. Mobile IPv6 makes it possible for nodes to use the
same IP address on different connections. Mobile IPv6 is well suited for vertical handover as it is a network layer mobility
management (Mobility between IP subnets) that makes it independent of any access technology (link layer).
When designing a handover concept for mobile communication network architecture, the split of mobility functionality
between IP layer and lower layers must be considered – cross layer handover IP based architectures (e.g., link-layer and
IP-layer) to ensure session continuity (make-before-break connection management model) when a subscriber moves
between networks that are roaming3 agreement specific.
From the operator’s perspective, IP mobility management can be statically configured through network-based controlled
handover definition. Dynamic IP mobility configuration can be provided through host-based mobility to devices which
lack upper layer mobility support, by setting up IP routes only to the mobile nodes that undergoes handover process.
This is intended to give sufficient control to the network to optimize the handover process.
When viewed from the end-user, mobility can be interpreted differently. In static mobility, there is zero movement,
whereby devices are connected through wired cable. Nomadic mobility is characterized by the access from point to
point. In case of continuous mobility, of which is already supported by various mobility protocol makes it possible to be
connected and access to network virtually everywhere (only limited by the boundaries of coverage). The 3GPP standards
accommodate the use of Mobile IP (MIP) in combination to support efficient inter-technology mobility. Two basic classes
of mobility protocols commonly practiced in 3GPP architectures include DS-MIPv6 and PMIPv6 which is intrinsically
good fit in the migration from IPv4 to IPv6.
Network-based Mobility
Network based mobility protocols; where mobility is network-based all the mobility signaling is performed between the
EPS network nodes, while the host-client (i.e. UE) is not involved. The advantage of network-based protocols is that
mobility services can be provided to UE that is not mobility aware. It also helps to reduce the amount of signaling and
data tunneling overhead on the radio interface. The downside is that the application of these protocols is limited to
localized mobility and may be hard to implement. One of the commonly used network-based mobility protocol in 3GPP
architecture is Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6).
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3 Note: Aspects of authentication, authorization and billing of the visiting subscriber,
in relevance to the roaming agreement is not discussed in this paper.
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9. PMIP
Proxy Mobile IP is the network controlled layer 3 mobility protocol that is intended at reducing handover latency. Proxy
Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is a network-based mobility management protocol standard that was ratified by the IETF. It uses
the same concept of MIPv6, but operates in the network layer. Proxy Mobile IPv6 tries to offer mobility to IPv6 hosts that
do not have Mobile IPv6 capability by extending Mobile IPv6 signaling and reusing the home agent (emulating the home
network) via a proxy mobility agent. With this approach it is not necessary for the mobile node to participate in the layer
3 mobility signaling.
PMIPv6 provides a solution for network-based mobility management that can avoid both tunneling overhead over the air
and changes in hosts. On the other hand, PMIP can suffer from high handover latency, if the local mobility anchor is far
from the mobility access gateway, thus PMIP is more effectively used in micro mobility management rather than vertical
handovers.
Host-based Mobility
Host-based mobility protocols; all the mobility signaling is initiated by the UE. These protocols provide additional features
than the network-based mobility protocols and can gracefully handle more complex mobility scenarios. As the signaling
and data tunneling are initiated by the UE, there is slight waste of radio resources. There are mechanisms that have been
designed to reduce, if not eliminate, the additional overhead brought on by host-based mobility protocols like header
compression techniques. A host-based mobility protocol commonly supported is Dual Stack Mobile IPv6 (DSMIPv6).
DSMIP
The motivation for Dual Stack MIP (DSMIP) is apparent in mobile networks, where IPv6 is not yet widely deployed. In
such circumstances, mobile nodes will least likely use IPv6 addressing for their connections when they move from IPv4
network to another IPv6 network. DSMIP is designed as access network agnostic, whereby the access network to
which a mobile node attaches to have no implications to the operation of the protocol. Case in point, between roaming
networks in an all-IP network, the TCP/IP layer-2 (data link layer) protocols like Wi-Fi and UMTS shall operate within the
context of an IP layer. The IP layer sits on top of all these access technologies, which means that the protocol that
supports mobility in the network is also assumed to be IP based. Unlike traditional link layer handovers (e.g., those in
cellular networks) vertical handovers take place in different layers according to the level of integration between the
different access technologies.
DSMIP provides a mechanism to use tunneling capability to forward both IPv4 and IPv6 traffic over the same MIP tunnel.
By means of MIP extensions, the mechanism allows IPv4 and IPv6 HoA (home address(s)) binding to an IPv4 CoA
(care-of-address) to continue established connections and maintain the connectivity.
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10. Greenpacket Smart Mobility
Ideally, a seamless mobility in the context of accomplishing mobile data offload solution should provide users with a
seamless experience while they use various applications on their devices. It should also make intelligent decisions about
keeping data flows on preferred networks (e.g. retain certain traffic such as VoIP, on 3G/LTE even when Wi-Fi is available).
In encouraging the adoption of mobile data offload, a mechanism to allow seamless handovers between various access
networks (3G, LTE and Wi-Fi) are necessary as such from client-based perspective. Within Greenpacket’s Intouch
Connection Management Platform (ICMP), is a comprehensive client-based solution that encompasses inter-working,
mobility and offloading, which is based on the principles of dynamic policy settings to the device, algorithms within the
device to detect alternative networks and ability to determine the best possible use of available network. Additionally, the
ICMP can be provisioned with preferred hotspots list, that is managed through the Hotspot Manager client to enable
operator to retain their subscribers to stay on the network, by giving the higher access priority to the preferred hotspots.
The ICMP fundamentally improves device and user management by single-client software that converge multiple
network access and executes data offloading transparently through operator defined rules and operator defined access
priorities. Incorporating customizable features and capabilities such as MIP, iWLAN, ANDSF, it further improves security,
mobility and user experience through optimized handovers typical in deployment of high growth real-time data services.
Therein, lies the strength of ICMP in effectively managing the data offloading mechanism. The ICMP is context aware with
built-in Intelligent Client that is capable of configuring connection policies that selects the best network to connect,
ensuring good service quality. The roaming in between networks is transparent to the user.
The framework of algorithms and techniques used for improving system selection based on operator preferences and
local UE conditions/actions consistently across devices is important. A 3GPP standards compliant client-based solution
gives more flexibility to operators and OEMs to define how radios and applications are managed in a multi-radio
environment and steer away from proprietary solutions.
An apparent strength of the ICMP is the ability to offer consistent service across heterogeneous wireless access
networks. By being standards compliant, it provides operators an evolutionary path to 4G inter-working. Operators
looking to data offload can have the assurance of a robust network and eliminate manual intervention on their
subscribers to connect and re-connect when moving between wireless networks. The benefit of backhaul capacity
optimization can be derived from network operational aspects, as well. From the measure of customer satisfaction,
optimized handovers results in fast handovers without causing a noticeable delay and jitter to ensure session continuity.
Access
Network
Discovery
ANDSF
Seamless Seamless
Data Offload Mobility
I-WLAN Mobile IP
Figure 2: Greenpacket ICMP
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11. Putting Mobility Management In Practice
Inter-technology mobility is described in the following scenario to depict service continuity. Using inter-technology
mobility, new services can be rolled out network-wide in a scalable manner, which targets the efficiency of high traffic
areas, by diminishing the effects of network congestion.
New Data Services Through LTE co-exist with UMTS
An operator with a legacy 3G network requires upgrading and evolving its network to LTE. The deployment of LTE will
be focused in areas of high traffic areas, to support a new suite of over the top applications to satisfy the demands of
subscribers. The operator is conscious in its ambition to cap market position in relation to market dynamics. Although
subscriber’s welcome the new mobile services, they quickly become disenchanted if the promise of service is
delivered poorly.
Realistically, operators need not delay their network upgrade to bring commercial LTE to service. Previously, the operator
would have to wait until the entire network has been upgraded and integrated fully before rolling out its HD video
streaming service. If the service is provided on the existing UMTS/HSPA, capacity restrictions would often make it
unavailable or perform unacceptably in the busiest parts of the network. The ICMP plays an important role in bringing
new services by its intelligent client that is capable of configuring connection policies that selects the best network to
connect, ensuring good service quality through ANDSF. With MIP support, the ICMP maintains service continuity when
switching between access networks seamlessly.
With inter-technology mobility the operator can roll out new services and begin generating revenue as soon as the
network hotspots are upgraded gradually to LTE and co-exist with UMTS. Subscribers can access the service
throughout the operator’s coverage area. In low usage areas, the limited capacity of UMTS/HSPA for video streaming is
enough to satisfy the performance of the service. In high usage areas, the enhanced bandwidth of LTE would allow a
much larger number of subscribers to access the service and/ or a higher quality video stream to be used. It is with
inter-technology mobility and inter-working through iWLAN, users of the service can move between these areas
seamlessly, without noticing the change in access technology and suffer from service disruption. Greenpacket’s ICMP
provides an end to end effective mobility management to operators to match the network resources they have with the
needs of their applications.
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12. Conclusion
Going forward, mobile operators will continue to evolve their networks to improve the user experience and service
opportunities. The promise of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) specification is capable of delivering 3-4 times the
capacity increase to networks. However, the additional bandwidth is more of a by-product of incremental spectrum. By
now, many operators realize the finite nature of spectrum. It’s clear that operators need more than LTE to resolve network
capacity in the immediate term. The adoption of alternative wireless technology to complement the existing network
dawns upon several combinations or independent Wi-Fi offloading schemes, inter-working 3GPP and non-3GPP
networks and inter-technology mobility to better manage their resources. As a result, operators are looking for the best
mix of solutions to deliver an optimum user experience and an efficient network.
In 3GPP Release 10 and beyond, there are on-going study and development for better methods to identify frameworks
for finer granularity in aggregation of simultaneous network connections with context awareness. Some considerations
of smart mobility to optimize network resources should address aspects like:
• Fewer network elements towards an all IP based architecture.
• Better routing capabilities to address growing wireless traffic; localized traffic routing to avoid overload on
service provider’s wireless core network elements.
• Dynamic mobility concept, whereby mobile node should be served by the nearest localized mobility
management function and simplified network to lower the cost of connection.
• Transport layer/application layer transparency
Inter-mobility enhancements in MIP technology to recognize different traffic flows can help shape and manage
bandwidth. Notably the desired feature should ideally permit individual IP flows to the same PDN connection to be
routed over different access based on network policy; for example, best-effort traffic may be routed over WLAN while
QoS-sensitive traffic such as voice telephony may be routed only over the 3GPP network with extension of context
awareness. Such features can be characterized at the UE with the ability to move a flow between 3GPP and non-3GPP
(e.g. WLAN/Wi-Fi). This can be done through session intelligence through service flow control, and intelligent traffic
control to dynamically monitor and control sessions on a per-subscriber/per-flow basis as envisioned in next generation
mobility to bring visibility to pricing models. From a commercial perspective, it will bring new promise of offloading
strategies through bundling of data plans onto Wi-Fi/femtocell offload without compromising on the operator’s revenue.
Most operators already operate a substantial amount of Wi-Fi hotpots and services that extend onto roaming
elsewhere. By complementing multiple access network inter-working (e.g. LTE/UMTS/HSPA/Wi-Fi) with mobility and
offloading, operators can derive more revenues and delay immediate CAPEX investment of LTE, going into next
generation networks.
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13. Manage Your Moves, in Every Network Seamlessly
As a result of new mobile technologies, people are taking their work and connectivity everywhere. We understand the
mobility, security and financial challenges you face. Our solutions empower mobility to your network while simplifying
mobility management and controlling costs.
Free Consultation
If you would like a free consultation on how you can manage your mobility needs, and improved network performance,
feel free to contact us at marketing.gp@greenpacket.com (kindly quote the reference code SWP0811 when you
contact us).
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14. References
1. 3GPP TS_23.261
2. 3GPP TS_23.327
3. 3GPP TS_23.402
4. 3GPP TS_23.861
5. GSMA PRD IR.88 – "LTE Roaming Guidelines" 3.0
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15. About Green Packet
Greenpacket is the international arm of the Green Packet Berhad group of companies which is listed on the Main Board
of the Malaysian Bourse. Founded in San Francisco’s Silicon Valley in 2000 and now headquartered in Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia, Greenpacket has a presence in 9 countries and is continuously expanding to be near its customers and in
readiness for new markets.
We are a leading developer of Next Generation Mobile Broadband and Networking Solutions for Telecommunications
Operators across the globe. Our mission is to provide seamless and unified platforms for the delivery of user-centric
multimedia communications services regardless of the nature and availability of backbone infrastructures.
At Greenpacket, we pride ourselves on being constantly at the forefront of technology. Our leading carrier-grade
solutions and award-winning consumer devices help Telecommunications Operators open new avenues, meet new
demands, and enrich the lifestyles of their subscribers, while forging new relationships. We see a future of limitless
freedom in wireless communications and continuously commit to meeting the needs of our customers with leading
edge solutions.
With product development centers in USA, Shanghai, and Taiwan, we are on the cutting edge of new developments in
4G (particularly WiMAX and LTE), as well as in software advancement. Our leadership position in the Telco industry is
further enhanced by our strategic alliances with leading industry players.
Additionally, our award-winning WiMAX modems have successfully completed interoperability tests with major WiMAX
players and are being used by the world’s largest WiMAX Operators. We are also the leading carrier solutions provider
in APAC catering to both 4G and 3G networks.
For more information, visit: www.greenpacket.com.
San Francisco · Kuala Lumpur · Singapore · Shanghai · Taiwan · Sydney · Bahrain · Bangkok · Hong Kong
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Member
Copyright © 2001-2011 Green Packet Berhad. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language, in any form
by any means, without the written permission of Green Packet Berhad. Green Packet Berhad reserves the right to modify or discontinue any product or piece of literature at anytime without prior notice.