?
a+u'/kfng Aoj;fo cfDbfgLsf] >f]t a(fpg] Ps Aoj;fo xf] . of] Aoj;fo laif]z
;d'bfon] k/fk"a{sfn b]vL cfkmgf] #/sf] cfDbfgLsf] >f]t a(fpg tyf clgsfn / cGo
c;xh l:ytLaf^ aRgsf] nfuL of] Aoj;fo ul/Psf] % . a+u'/ sd ;dodf a(L kf&fkf&L
pTkfbg lbg], kfNg ;lhnf] / sd ;dodf a(L df;' pTkfbg lbgsf] nfuL pkof]uL x'G% .
of] Aoj;foaf^ ;:tf] / sd vlr{nf] k|lalwaf^ klg /fd|f] cfDbfgL lng ;lsG% .

?
 ;:tf] / ;/n e';, #f+;, s^, ds}, cflb ;'jfP/ kfNg ;lsg] .
 yf]/} hUufdf klg of] Aoj;fo ;'? ug{ ;lsg] –Ps ao:s a+u'/sf] nfuL 30 au{
lkm^ / kf&fkf&L ;lxtsf] dfpm a+u'/sf] nfuL 80 au{ lkm^ &fpm eP k'Ug] .
 s[lif / s[lif pBf]uaf^ lg:sg] by product nfO{ cfxf/fsf] ?kdf k|of]u u/L /fd|f]
cfDbfgL lng ;lsg] .
 yfgLo df;', kf&fkf&L pTkfbg hlt u/]klg xfn ahf/sf] la:tf/ eO{ /x]sf] .
 a+u'/sf] df;'sf] dfu a(L /x]sf] x'bf lbg k|ltlbg a+u'/ kfng Aoj;fo nf]slk|o x'b}
uO{/x]sf] % .

cfDbfgL a(L lngsf] nfuL nufgL cg';f/ kmfd{sf] ;fOh ;fgf] agfpg] . kmfd{
:ykgf ubf{ ahf/sf] glhs, oftfoftsf] ;'lawf ePsf] &fpm /f]Hg] . a+u'/ kfng kmmfd{
klxnf b]vL kfn]sf s[ifsx? sxf+ ug]{, hf];+u a+u'/kfng :DaGwL Aoxf/ls !fg klg x'G%
. s[ifsx?af^ g} ahf/sf] dfunfO{ larf/ u/L a+u'/sf] kf&fkf&L lalqm ug{ / a+u'/
df;'sf] nfuL pTkfbg u/L ahf/sf] dfunfO{ k'/f ug]{ . bfgf sd vlr{nf] :yfgLo :t/af^}
kfpg] Crop by product xl/of] #f+;, xl/of] ;fukft, s^ cflb lbg] . a+u/sf] vf]/
agfpbf sd vlr{nf] :yfgLo :t/dfg} pknAw x'g] >f]t ;fwfgaf^ agfpg] . h:df kof{Kt
dfqfdf xfjfsf] ;+rf/ x'g], ;km fug{ ;lhnf] / cGo afXo hLahGt'af^ klg arfpg ;Sg]
vfnsf] agfpg] .


 
:yfgLo hftsf] ;+'u'/ xf] . o;sf] /+u k|foM sfnf] x'G5 . kf]yL ;+'u'/df * b]lv
!@ uf]6f y'g x'g] ub{5g . of] hftsf] ;+'u'/n] Ps j]tdf ;/b/ % b]lv ^ j6f kf7fkf7L hGdfpF5 .
Ps jif{df ;/b/ b'O{ k6s Aofpg] ub{5 .

 
x'/f{ :yfgLo hftsf] ;'Fu'/ xf] . of] g]kfnsf] t/fO{ If]qdf kflnG5 . of] cUnf] x'G5 / dfp kf]yL *
b]lv !@ uf]6f y'g ePsf] kfOG5 . o;n] Ps k6sdf ;/b/ $ b]lv % j6f kf7fkf7L hGdfpF5 . Ps
jif{df ;/b/ !=*^ k6s AofpF5 .

  (Yorkshore):

of] a]nfotL hftsf] a+u'/ xf] . ;/b/ Ps j]tdf !! b]lv !@ j6f kf7fkf7L o;n] hGdfpg] ub{5 .
o; hftsf] efn] j0f{z+s/ lgsfNgdf pkof]u ul/G5 . g]kfndf of] hftsf] a+u'/ w]/} kflnG5 . jo:s
efn]sf] tf}n #))–$%) s]hL / kf]yLsf] tf}n @%)–#%) s]hL ;Dd x'G5 .
  (Landrace):
of] hftsf] a+u'/ 8]gdfs{af6 g]kfndf cfoft ePsf] xf] . o;nfO{ g]kfndf w]/}n] dg k/fpF5g .
To;}n] ls;fgx?n] w]/} ;+Vofdf kfln/x]sf] kfOG5 . Ps j]tdf ;/b/ !) b]lv !! j6f kf7fkf7L
hGdfpF5 . jo:s efn]sf] tf}n #!) b]lv $)) lsnf] ;Dd x'G5 eg] dfp kf]yLsf] tf}n @%) b]lv
#%) lsnf];Dd x'G5 . cGo a+u'/sf] t'ngfdf o;df cfdfdf x'g' kg]{ u'0f al9 kfO{Psf] 5 .
  (Duroc):
of] hftsf] a+u'/ ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfaf6 g]kfndf cfoft ul/Psf] xf] . o; hftsf] a+u'/n] g]kfndf
k|l;l4 kfpFb} uPsf] 5 . of] hft /fd|f] df;'sf] nflu k|Voft 5 . Ps j]tdf ;/b/ ( b]lv !) j6f
kf7fkf7L hGdfpg] ub{5 . of] hftsf] efn]nfO{ j0f{ z+s/ pTkfbg ug]{ sfddf k|of]u ul/G5 . jo:s
efn]sf] tf}n #*) lsnf] x'G5 / kf]yLsf] tf}n #)) lsnf] ;Dd x'G5 .

  (Hampshire):
of] hftsf] a+u'/ klg ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfaf6 g]kfndf cfoft ul/Psf]
xf] . of] hftsf] a+u'/ g]kfndf st} st} dfq kflnPsf] kfOG5 . Ps j]tdf
;/b/ * b]lv ( j6f ;Dd kf7fkf7L hGdfpg] ub{5 . efn]nfO{ df;'
pTkfbgsf] nflu k|hgg u/fOG5 . jo:s efn]sf] tf}n #)) lsnf]u|fd /
kf]yLsf] tf}n @%) lsnf]u|fd x'G5 .
  (Meishan):
of] rLgdf pTklQ ePsf] hft xf] . sfnf] z/L/, 5f]6f] v'§f, 7"nf]
k]6, ulx/f] 9f8 / sRofs s'r's k/]sf] cg'xf/ x'G5 . of] hftsf
cf};t !^ b]lv !* uf]6f y'g x'G5g . Ps k6sdf !$ b]lv !& uf]6f
kf7fkf7L hGdfpF5 / !! b]lv !# uf]6f x'sf{pg] ub{5 . ;fgf kf7fkf7L
hGdfpg] -cf};t hGd tf}n ()) u|fd_ / lj:tf/} a9g] ub{5g .
  (Pakhribas Black):
of] hft kflv|af; s[lif s]Gb| wgs'6fn] lgsfn]sf]n] kflv|af; sfnf]
hft eg]/ lrlgG5 . of] sfnf] /+usf] x'G5 / Ps k6sdf cf}ift !) j6f
kf7fkf7L hGdfpg] ub{5 . :yfgLo ;+'u'/ eGbf w]/} kf7fkf7L kfpg],
rfF8f] a9g] ePsf]n] s[ifsn] dg k/fpFb5g . jo:s efn]sf] tf}n !&)
s]=hL= x'G5 eg] kf]yL dfpsf] tf}n !^) s]=hL= x'G5 .
 { (Taemworth):
of] a]nfotL hftsf] a+u'/ xf] . o;sf] /+u /ftf] x'G5 . o;sf]
6fpsf] / y't'gf] nfdf] x'G5 . sfg 7f8f x'G5g . jo:s efn]sf] tf}n
#%) lsnf] x'G5 eg] kf]yLsf] tf}n @%) b]lv #)) lsnf];Dd x'G5 .
g]kfndf o;sf] kfng u/]sf]vf;} b]lvPsf] 5}g .

 7fpF klZrd blIf0f df]x8f kms]{sf], oftfoft, lah'nLsf] ;'ljwf ePsf] x'g' kb{5 .
 kof{Kt 7fpF -eljiodf kmfd{ a9fpg' kg]{ ePdf a9fpg ;lsg]_ x'g' kb{5 .
 /fd|f];Fu xfjf cfpg] / hfg] 7fpF x'g'kb{5 .
 kfgLsf] /fd|f] Joj:yf x'g' kb{5 .

 kf7f–kf7L ;fydf ePsf] dfp a:g] 7fpFsf] tfkqmd !% b]lv @)
l8=;]= x'g'kb{5 .
 xfjfdf kfgLsf] dfqf %) b]lv *) k|ltzt;Dd x'g' pko'Qm x'G5 .
 clS;hg cfk"lt{sf] nflu vf]/sf] jl/kl/ ?v nufpg' kb{5 .
 k|hggsf] nflu kflng] efn] a+u'/sf] a:g] 7fpFsf] tfkqmd !) b]lv
!% l8=;]= x'g' pko'Qm x'G5 .
s]xL cfw'lgs tyf k/Dk/fut vf]/sf gd"gfx? tn lbO{Psf 5g .



 dfp tyf luN6 a+u'/sf] Ct'sfndf k|j]z x'g'eGbf cf};t @=& lbg cufl8 b]lv z'? e} @=&
Ct'sfnkl5 cf};t @=$ lbg;Dd Ct'sfnsf nIf0fx? b]vfO /xG5g . t'ngfTds ?kdf
Ct'sfnsf] cjlw -;do_ dfp eGbf luN6df yf]/} ePsf] kfOG5 . Ct'sfndf dfp tyf luN6n]
b]vfpg] nIf0fx? o; k|sf/ 5gM
 bfgf dg nufP/ vfFb}g .
 ;'tjf6 ;]tf] kbfy{ cfpg] ub{5 .
 ;'t ;'lgg] / u'nfkmL /ftf] b]lvg] ub{5 . c? a+u'/dfly r9g] ub{5 .
 c? a+u'/ cfk"m dfly pSnFbf jf xftn] lyRbf cfgGb;Fu ple/xg] ub{5 .
 Ct'sfn z'? ePsf] #* 306f;Dddf ;a} l8Dasf] pTkfbg eO;S5 .
 Ps ks6sf] Ct'sfndf a+u'/sf] slt ;+Vofdf l8Da lgl:sG5 eGg] s'/f hft, tf}n, pd]/ /
df};d cflbdf e/ kb{5 .
 ;fwf/0ftof luN6n] t];|f] Ct'sfndf w]/} l8Da lgsfN5 .

 csf]{ s'/f xf8gftfaf6 hlGdPsf] luN6 eGbf j0f{ z+s/af6 -vRr8_ hGd]sf] luN6n] w]/} l8Da
pTkfbg ub{5 .
 efn] vf]h]sf] a+u'/df afnL nufpg] ;do km/s km/s eP klg ;fwf/0ftof Ct'sfndf k|j]z
u/]sf] !) b]lv @@=% 306f;Dd klxnf] k6s / @@=% b]lv $) 306f;Dddf bf];|f] k6s jfnL
nufpFbf w]/} kf7fkf7L hGdG5g .

;+'u'/÷ a+u'/af6 a9L cfDbfgL lngsf] nflu ltgLx?nfO{ afFRgsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ kf]if0feGbf a9L
yk]/ lbPsf] kf]if0ftTjaf6 g} zf/Ll/s j[l4, ;Gtfgf]Tkfbg h:tf sfo{x? x'g] ub{5g . o;/L yk]/
lbOg] bfgf klg ;Gt'lnt x'g'kb{5 . zf/Ll/s cj:yfn] dfu u/] cg'?k zlQmj4{s, k|f]l6g, lrNnf]
kbfy{, ldg]/N; / le6fldgx? cfjZos kl/df0fdf ld;fP/ agfPsf] cfxf/fnfO{ g} ;Gt'lnt cfxf/f
elgG5 .

:yfgLo txdf ;Gt'lnt cfxf/f agfpFbf tn lbPsf] dfqf cg';f/ bfgfdf sRrf kbfy{x? ld;fpg'
kb{5 .
zlQm lbg] sRrf
kbfy{x?
ds} #& s]hL
*)
ux'F !$ s]hL
wfgsf] w'6f] @@ s]hL
ux'Fsf] rf]s/ )& s]hL
k|f]l6g k|fKt x'g] sRrf
kbfy{x?
e6df; $ s]hL
!*
tf]/Lsf] kLgf * s]hL
x88Lr"0f{ @ s]hL
df;'r"0f{ ! s]hL
/Qmr"0f{ ! s]hL
df5fsf] l;b|f @ s]hL
vlgh kbfy{ / le6fldg @=)
s'n hDdf !)) s]hL
bfgfdf x'g] k|f]l6gsf] dfqf !^ k|ltzt


a+u'/kfng ug]{ dflg;x?n] a+u'/nfO{ /f]u nflu;s]kl5 pkrf/df w]/} k};f vr{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . t;y{
a+u'/nfO{ /f]u nfUg} glbg] pkfox?sf] sfof{Gjog ug'{ /fd|f] x'G5 . a+u'/x?nfO{ /f]u gnfuf]; eg]/ lgDg
pkfox? ug{ ;lsG5 .
 a+u'/sf] vf]/df k|j]z ug]{ sL6f0f', ljiff0f' / 9';Lsf ;|f]tnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ 9f]sfdf / jl/kl/
r'g, lkmg]n cflb 5l//xg' kb{5 .
 a+u'/ tyf a+u'/ a:g] vf]/ ;+w} ;kmf ug]{ .
 vf]/df gofF a+u'/ k|j]z u/fpFbf /f]u nfu]sf] x'g' x'Fb}g .
 b'O{j6f vf]/sf] b'/L ! ls= ld6/ x'g'kb{5 . a+u'/sf] vf]/df lbg] kfgLsf] ;|f]t sL6f0f', ljiff0f' /
9';L gePsf] x'g'kb{5 .
 a+u'/sf] :ofxf/ ;';f/ ug]{ dflg; nufot cGo vf]/df k:g] dflg;n] xft v'§fsf gË sf6]/
;fa'g kfgLn] ;kmf u/]/ nufPsf] n'uf -ls6f0f' /lxt n'uf_ nufP/ k|j]z ug'{kb{5 . vf]/sf]
efF8fs'F8f ;w}+ ;kmf ug'{ kb{5 .
 vf]/sf] jl/kl/sf] If]qdf ;do ;dodf r'g, lkmg]n 5l//xg' kb{5 .
 a+u'/nfO{ bfgf v'jfpg eGbf Ps lbg cufj} xfjf cfjthfjt ug]{ sf]7fdf vfgf /fv]/
ˆo"ldu]zg u/]/ dfq v'jfpg' kb{5 .
 a+u'/sf] dnd'q Ps 7fpFdf y'kf/L s'lxP kl5 v]tjf/Ldf k|of]u ug'kb{5 .
 a+u'/nfO{ v'nf 7fpFdf sf6g' x'Fb}g .
 a+u'/n] vf]/ aflx/ lx88'n ug]{ v'nf 7fpFdf sL/f tyf r/fx? k:g g;Sg] u/L gfOng tyf
tf/ hfnLn] a]l/ lbg'kb{5 .

 
of] /utsf] sdLaf6 x'g] /f]u xf] . dfpsf] b"waf6 cfO/g gk'u x'g ;S5 . r/gdf 5f8]/
kf7fkf7LnfO{ kfNof] eg] logn] cfO/g k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5g . hGdg] ljlQs}sf kf7fkf7L rg{ klg g;Sg]
/ bfgf klg gvfg] ePsf] x'Fbf kf7fkf7L hGd]sf] # lbgkl5 klxnf]k6s ! ldlnln6/ cfO/gsf] ;'O{
lbg'k5{ kb{5 . cfO{/g k|fKt ug{sf] nfuL hénsf] ;kmf /ftf] df6f], bfgfdf kmnfd
o'Stm cf}ifwL tyf ;kmf /ftf] df6f]sf] k]i6 agfP/ dfpmsf] kmf+rf]df blnlbg] / cGo s'/fsf] ;Nnfx
lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{no jf kz' ;]jf s]Gb|af6 kfpg ;lsG5 .
 
of] lrnfpg] /f]u xf] . o;n] a+u'/sf] sfg, uw{g tyf kmfFrf]df a9L c;/ ub{5 . ;/;kmfO{ g}
/f]u nfUg glbg] ;aeGbf /fd|f] pkfo xf] . /f]u nflu xfNof] eg] ;kmf u/]/ uf]N8]g nf];g / lxd]S;
dnd nufpg' kb{5 .
 

 of] ;?jf /f]u xf] . of] vt/gfs x'G5 . 3fF6L / lha|f] ;'lgg] ePsf]n] vfgf vfg Zjf; km]g{ uf¥xf]
x'G5 . pkrf/ ePg eg] dg{ klg ;S5 . To;}n] /f]u lj?4 klxn] g} vf]k nufpg' /fd|f] x'G5 . /f]u
nfu]sf] yfxf x'g] ljlQs} lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nodf uO{ ;Nnfx lng'kb{5 .
 
of] ljiff0f'af6 nfUg] vt/gfs ;?jf /f]u xf] . of] /f]un] a+u'/sf kf7fkf7LnfO{ a8L c;/ ub{5 /
s'g} cj:yfdf d[To'b/ zt k|ltzt klg x'g ;Sb5 . Hj/f] cfpg], lb;fdf /ut b]vLg], gfs d'vaf6
t/n kbfy{ aUg], vfgf sd vfg] h:tf nIf0f b]vf k/]df kz' ;]jf s]Gb|af6 ;Nnfx lng'kb{5 .
 
kf7fkf7LnfO{ a9L c;/ ug]{ ;?jf /f]u xf] . d'v, lha|f]df vl6/f cfpg] ePsf] x'Fbf ¥ofn aflx/
lg:s]sf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] b]lvPdf lkm6ls/Lsf] emf]n ! k|ltzt jf lkmg]nn] v'§fdf ;kmf u/L lxd]S;
dnd nufOlbg' kb{5 .

 
of] Zjf;k|Zjf;df cK7of/f] x'g] /f]u xf] . of] /f]u sL6f0f' / hLjf0f'af6 x'g] /f]u xf] . o;sf]
pkrf/ x'Fb}g . ;/;kmfO{df Wofg lbg' kb{5 .
 
uf]nf] / lkmQ] h'sf, h'd|f, lsgf{ nufotsf ;a} vfn] leqL / aflx/L k/lhjLx? a+u'/df nfUb5g .
glhssf] kz' ;]jf s]Gb| jf lhNnf kz' ;]jf sfof{nosf] ;Nnfx cg';f/ sfd ug'{kb{5 .