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S.A.P.D.J PATHSHALA’S
                   WALCHAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
                                SOLAPUR




   AN OVERVIEW OF MEDICAL IMAGING
  TECHNIQUES USED IN BREAST CANCER


        Presented by:                         Guided by:

Inamdar Farhan (TE ENTC)            Prof. V.H.Kondekar (ME Computer Networks)
Gudur Venkateshwarlu(TE ENTC)       Prof.A.V.Thalange (ME VLSI & Embedded systems)
Introduction to cancer

   What is cancer?
         Disordered growth of cells in the human body is
    termed as cancer.


   How cancer arise?
         Cells become cancer cells because of damage to DNA
The normal breast

Breast cancer:

Breast Cancer is a form of cancer that occurs
in the breast tissue.

Symptoms:

Swelling of all or part of a breast
 Skin irritation
Breast or nipple pain
Nipple retraction (turning inward)
Redness, scaliness, or thickening of the nipple or breast skin
Nipple discharge (other than breast milk)
Types of breast cancers



  Ductal carcinoma in situ
  Lobular carcinoma in situ
  Invasive (or infiltrating) ductal carcinoma
  Invasive (or infiltrating) lobular
   carcinoma
Detection of Breast Cancer and tumors
       Importance


   Importance of screening

    Screening refers to tests and exams used
    to find a disease, like cancer, in people
    who do not have any symptoms.
Different types of imaging techniques
     Imaging refers to obtaining an image.



     Following are the various methods used for breast
     imaging:


1.   Mammogram
2.   Magnetic Resonance Imaging
3.   Digital mammogram
4.   Breast Ultrasound - Imaging
5.   Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging
6.   Breast Optical Imaging
Mammogram

 A mammogram is an x-ray of the breast.
 Brief Introduction.
 Advantages.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging

 MRI scans use radio waves and strong
  magnets.
 Principle.
 Applications.
Digital mammogram

   Digital mammograms are recorded and
    stored on a computer, similar to a digital
    data.

   Advantages:
       Data flexibility
Breast Ultrasound – Imaging

 High-frequency sound waves are used.
 How it is done?
 Advantages:
    Ultrasound imaging is a noninvasive medical test
    Used in real time observation
Digital Infrared Thermal
Imaging


 It uses the electromagnetic waves
  characteristics of the body.
 It mainly uses metabolic activities of
  tissues
 How it is done?
Breast Optical Imaging

 It employs diffuse light that propagates
  through tissue.
 It uses optical characteristics of tissues.
Breast cancer in men

 Many people today think only women
  can develop breast cancer but little do
  they know that men can, too.
 Seriousness of breast cancer in men.
 How to overcome or prevent?
 Computer-Aided Detection of
Breast Cancer


 CAD systems have been developed for
  analyzing digitized film/screen images.
 Importance of CAD.
 Advantages over manual detection.
A CAD system
               C
               o
               m
               p
               a
               r   Knowledge
               i     Base
               n
               g
                                 Display
    Image      a
               n
                               the output
   acquiring
               d                  on a
    system
                                 screen
               d
               e
               t
               e
                    Images
               c
               t
               i
               o
               n
Our suggestion:                              1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
   1 0 1           1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1           1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0
   1 1 0           1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0           0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
   0 0 1           0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1           1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
                   1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0           1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
 Standard
                   1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1           0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
 Non-Cancerous
 Pattern           0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
                                                Output image due to
                      Input query image         conventional method


                                  1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
   1 0 1         0 0 1            1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0
   1 1 0         0 1 0            0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1
   0 0 1         1 0 1            1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
                 Standard         1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
Standard
                 Cancerous        0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
Non-Cancerous
                 Pattern
Pattern                             Output image due to
                                    our suggested method
Future scope

    In India, which is a developing country and where
     breast cancer treatment is not much developed,
     early detection of breast cancer using the different
     imaging techniques is very important.

    There is an increase in the Indian breast cancer
     patients in future. In those situations early
     detection techniques are must. CAD tool proves
     very useful and increases the overall efficiency of
     breast cancer detection and they should be
     researched well.
Conclusion
   Due to genetic and life style number of breast cancer is increasing in
    women.

   Imaging techniques are helpful for early detection of cancer.

   Digital Mammography is the important of all and has a very wide scope and
    importance in the future. It flexes data handling.

   Breast cancer is possible in men also. It is very critical in men and should be
    detected and treated as early as possible.

   CAD tools improve the accuracy of detection.

    In India where there is a high chance in increase in number of breast
    cancer patients, breast cancer is a serious problem.

   Imaging techniques are the need of the day.
 References
1.   E.Y.K. Ng, E.C. Kee, Rajendra Acharya U, “Advanced Technique In Breast
     Thermography” IEEE Magazine September 1, 2005

2.   Varsha H. Patil, Dattatraya S. Bormane, Vaishali S. Pawar “An Automated
     Computer Aided Breast Cancer Detection System” Paper Presented In GVIP
     Journal, Volume 6, Issue 1, July 2006

3.   Book By Daniel B. Kopans Titled Breast Imaging.

4.   National Cancer Institute (NCI) America

5.   Medicineworld.Org

6.   Pacific Chiropractic And Research Center Infrared Imaging

7.   Medicinenet.Com

8.   Radiologyinfo.Org
AN OVERVIEW OF MEDICAL IMAGING  TECHNIQUES USED IN BREAST CANCER

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AN OVERVIEW OF MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES USED IN BREAST CANCER

  • 1. S.A.P.D.J PATHSHALA’S WALCHAND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, SOLAPUR AN OVERVIEW OF MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES USED IN BREAST CANCER Presented by: Guided by: Inamdar Farhan (TE ENTC) Prof. V.H.Kondekar (ME Computer Networks) Gudur Venkateshwarlu(TE ENTC) Prof.A.V.Thalange (ME VLSI & Embedded systems)
  • 2. Introduction to cancer  What is cancer? Disordered growth of cells in the human body is termed as cancer.  How cancer arise? Cells become cancer cells because of damage to DNA
  • 3. The normal breast Breast cancer: Breast Cancer is a form of cancer that occurs in the breast tissue. Symptoms: Swelling of all or part of a breast  Skin irritation Breast or nipple pain Nipple retraction (turning inward) Redness, scaliness, or thickening of the nipple or breast skin Nipple discharge (other than breast milk)
  • 4. Types of breast cancers  Ductal carcinoma in situ  Lobular carcinoma in situ  Invasive (or infiltrating) ductal carcinoma  Invasive (or infiltrating) lobular carcinoma
  • 5. Detection of Breast Cancer and tumors Importance  Importance of screening Screening refers to tests and exams used to find a disease, like cancer, in people who do not have any symptoms.
  • 6. Different types of imaging techniques Imaging refers to obtaining an image. Following are the various methods used for breast imaging: 1. Mammogram 2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 3. Digital mammogram 4. Breast Ultrasound - Imaging 5. Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging 6. Breast Optical Imaging
  • 7. Mammogram  A mammogram is an x-ray of the breast.  Brief Introduction.  Advantages.
  • 8. Magnetic Resonance Imaging  MRI scans use radio waves and strong magnets.  Principle.  Applications.
  • 9. Digital mammogram  Digital mammograms are recorded and stored on a computer, similar to a digital data.  Advantages: Data flexibility
  • 10. Breast Ultrasound – Imaging  High-frequency sound waves are used.  How it is done?  Advantages: Ultrasound imaging is a noninvasive medical test Used in real time observation
  • 11. Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging  It uses the electromagnetic waves characteristics of the body.  It mainly uses metabolic activities of tissues  How it is done?
  • 12. Breast Optical Imaging  It employs diffuse light that propagates through tissue.  It uses optical characteristics of tissues.
  • 13. Breast cancer in men  Many people today think only women can develop breast cancer but little do they know that men can, too.  Seriousness of breast cancer in men.  How to overcome or prevent?
  • 14.  Computer-Aided Detection of Breast Cancer  CAD systems have been developed for analyzing digitized film/screen images.  Importance of CAD.  Advantages over manual detection.
  • 15. A CAD system C o m p a r Knowledge i Base n g Display Image a n the output acquiring d on a system screen d e t e Images c t i o n
  • 16. Our suggestion: 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Standard 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Non-Cancerous Pattern 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Output image due to Input query image conventional method 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 Standard 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 Standard Cancerous 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Non-Cancerous Pattern Pattern Output image due to our suggested method
  • 17. Future scope  In India, which is a developing country and where breast cancer treatment is not much developed, early detection of breast cancer using the different imaging techniques is very important.  There is an increase in the Indian breast cancer patients in future. In those situations early detection techniques are must. CAD tool proves very useful and increases the overall efficiency of breast cancer detection and they should be researched well.
  • 18. Conclusion  Due to genetic and life style number of breast cancer is increasing in women.  Imaging techniques are helpful for early detection of cancer.  Digital Mammography is the important of all and has a very wide scope and importance in the future. It flexes data handling.  Breast cancer is possible in men also. It is very critical in men and should be detected and treated as early as possible.  CAD tools improve the accuracy of detection.  In India where there is a high chance in increase in number of breast cancer patients, breast cancer is a serious problem.  Imaging techniques are the need of the day.
  • 19.  References 1. E.Y.K. Ng, E.C. Kee, Rajendra Acharya U, “Advanced Technique In Breast Thermography” IEEE Magazine September 1, 2005 2. Varsha H. Patil, Dattatraya S. Bormane, Vaishali S. Pawar “An Automated Computer Aided Breast Cancer Detection System” Paper Presented In GVIP Journal, Volume 6, Issue 1, July 2006 3. Book By Daniel B. Kopans Titled Breast Imaging. 4. National Cancer Institute (NCI) America 5. Medicineworld.Org 6. Pacific Chiropractic And Research Center Infrared Imaging 7. Medicinenet.Com 8. Radiologyinfo.Org