35. Pathophysiology of ATN: Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury and Repair Loss of polarity Normal Epithelium Migration , Dedifferentiation of Viable Cells Differentiation & Reestablishment of polarity Sloughing of viable and dead cells with luminal obstruction Ischemia/ Reperfusion Apoptosis Necrosis Cell death Adhesion molecules Na + /K + -ATPase Proliferation
36.
37. Phases of Ischemic ATN Prerenal Initiation Extension Maintenance Recovery GFR Time
38. Pathophysiology of ATN Ischemia Endothelial Injury Capillary Obstruction & Continued Ischemia Inflammation Tubular Injury Disruption of Cytoskeleton Loss of Cell Polarity Desquamation of Cells Tubular Obstruction & Backleak Apoptosis & Necrosis Activation of Vasoconstrictors Impaired Vasodilation Increased Leukocyte Adhesion
64. Diagnostic Evaluation of ARF Muddy brown casts; tubular epithelial cells > 2% >40 <10:1 ATN Normal or RBC’s variable >20 variable Vascular RBC’s, RBC casts <1% <40 variable AGN WBC’s WBC casts, RBC’s, eosinophils >1% >20 <20:1 AIN Intrinsic Normal or RBC’s variable >20 >20:1 Postrenal Normal < 1% <20 >20:1 Prerenal Urine Sediment FE Na U Na (mEq/L) BUN:Cr Form of ARF