Anatomy is the study of biological structure including the 10-100 million species on Earth. It includes gross anatomy which is the visible structures and their relationships, and microscopic anatomy. The human body consists of 11 organ systems including the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, lymphatic, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, male and female reproductive systems which all work together to keep us alive. Anatomy provides important directional terms to describe body positions and sections.

1. Anatomy as a Science! By Torrey Hart & Tyrel Belliston

2. History of Human Anatomy Anatomy: study of biological structure. 10 – 100 million species on Earth. Physiology: study of function of body structures. Morphology: science of relating and interpreting biological structures.

3. Suppose you spent one hour studying each species on Earth. If there are 10 million and you studied 8 hours every day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year, how long would it take you to complete the course? 3,500 years!

4. Gross Anatomy (Macroscopic anatomy) ~ structure and relationships of large body parts visible to the naked eye. Approaches to gross anatomy: Comparative Developmental Embryology Regional Surface Systemic

5. Levels of Organization

6. Characteristics of Living Things Organization Metabolism Growth & Development Responsiveness Adaptation Regulation (Homeostasis) Reproduction

7. Integumentary System Provides protection Regulates Body Temp Site of cutaneous body receptors Synthesizes vitamin D Prevents water loss (Made of skin, bones, and muscles.)

8. Skeletal System Provides support and protection Site of hemopoiesis~blood cell production Stores calcium and phosphorus Provides sites for muscle attachments

9. Muscular System Produces body movement Generates heat when muscles contract

10. Nervous System Regulatory system Controls body movement Responds to sensory stimuli Helps control all other systems of the body Consciousness, intelligence, memory.

11. Endocrine System Glands and cell clusters which secrete hormones Some regulate body and cellular growth Chemical levels in the body Reproductive functions

12. Lymphatic System Transports and filters lymph Initiates an immune response when necessary.

13. Cardiovascular System Consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels. Heart moves blood through blood vessels to distribute hormones, nutrients, and gasses as well as pickup waste products.

14. Respiratory System Responsible for exchange of gasses between blood and the air in the lungs.

15. Digestive System Mechanically and chemically digests food materials Absorbs nutrients Expells waste products (defacation).

16. Urinary System Filters blood Removes waste products from blood Concentrates waste products in the form of urine. Expells urine from the body. (Urination).

17. Male Reproductive System Produces male sex cells (sperm) Male hormones (testosterone) Transfers sperm to the female

18. Female Reproductive System Produces female sex cells (oocytes) Produces female hormones (estrogen) Recieves sperm from male Site of fertilization of oocyte Site of growth, development, fetus and birth

19. Terms of Direction Anterior (forward) Posterior (back) Superior (up) Inferior (down) Medial (middle) Lateral (sides) Proximal (closest) Distal (far)

20. Body Sections and Planes