Estr é s Calórico Temperatura y humedad Qué más puede modificar las curvas de estrés calorico?
Planeamiento del sistema anti-estrés Alternativas Clima 1. Ventiladores solo -Moderado 2. Aspersores -Caluroso y húmedo 3. Ventiladores y aspers. -Caluroso y húmedo 4. Foggers -Clima seco
Diseño del Free-stall Superficie 7 a 11 m ² por vaca Sobrepoblación máximo 10% (*) Opciones de filas de cubículos: - climas templados 4 filas 10 a 11 m ² por vaca - climas fríos 6 filas 7 a 8 m2 por vaca
Comederos Las vacas pasan 4-5 horas al día en los comederos. Para asegurar un buen consumo de alimento, no sólo es importante la calidad del mismo sino el que las vacas se sientan cómodas.
122 cm 30-40 cm 7.5 - 15 cm* Poste y riel para alimentar a las vacas Sector de la vaca Sector del alimento Riel de 5 cm del tornillo al poste Tuerca o tope en el poste Poste o tubo Pared del comedero *Debe haber 7.5 a 15 cm de diferencia en el nivel del suelo entre el piso de la vaca y el piso del alimento 10 – 15 cm (max) 0.30 mts 1.20 mts 0.40 mts Comederos 6 - 8 163 - 222 35.6 71.1 9 -12 222 -295 40.6 76.2 13 -15 295- 354 43.2 86.4 16- 24 354-544 48.3 104.1 Vacas 544-680 53.3 122.0 Edad del Altura de la Altura del Animal Peso Pared del riel altura del (Meses ) (Kilos ) comedero (cm) cuello (cm)
Cubículos cortos Sin espacio para descansar Photo: DVM/PhD C. Bergsten, SLU Sweden Diseños incorrectos
Sin espacio de inclinación Borde muy alto Photo: DVM/PhD C. Bergsten, SLU Sweden Photo: DVM/PhD C. Bergsten, SLU Sweden 350 Diseños incorrectos
Cubículos mal dimensionados Cubículos de tamaño insuficiente para el tamaño del animal. Las vacas han aumentado en los últimos años, en promedio, 1 cm/ año. Esos animales no entran en el cubículo y deben permanecer en el camino. Más stress Más problemas de patas
Cubículos mal dimensionados Sin baranda para el pecho, el animal no encuentra una posición correcta en el cubículo o queda atrapada con el caño por el cuello. Si los animales están sucios, se pone en riesgo la higiene y la calidad de la leche.
Cubiculos con medidas incorrectas Brisket boards con bordes filosos limitan el espacio y disminuyen el tiempo de descanso Esto da como resultado: Menor tiempo de descanso Menor rumia Stress y más vacas en en el camino Mayor riesgo de problemas de patas
Cubículos mal dimensionados Solo el 1% de las vacas defeca acostada en pastoreo. Si tienen dificultades para mantenerse paradas en el cubículo, comienzan a hacerlo.
If we talk about cow comfort we always need to start with the cow and her needs. We need to watch the cow and her activities during 24 h to understand and see the natural behavior cycle
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The motion can be described as a flexible seesaw were she moves her center of gravity to facilitate the raising. On the video clip there is no swinging by her head most probably because it is a young and strong cow not needing this help.
Depending on the cow weight the cubicle has different measurements. They can be rounded off e.g. the cubicle width for a 650-kilo cow is usually rounded off to 1200 millimeter. The cubicle has to be high enough to prevent the cow from turning around. It should also be long enough to prevent cows from walking behind on the cubicle edge.
Another two examples of bad cubicle design. If the cubicle is too short or uncomfortable the cow might chose to stand half way in with her rear hoofs in the alley.
A bad example of a partition with no forward lunging space and a bad design of side lung space. If the curb is to high the cow might have problems of getting in.
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