Cleopatra was the last Egyptian pharaoh who ruled Egypt between 69-30 BC. Though her family was Greek, she learned to speak Egyptian and nine other languages. She engaged in romantic relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Anthony, both of whom helped keep Egypt independent from Rome for a time. After losing the Battle of Actium to Caesar's heir Octavian, Cleopatra committed suicide, either through snakebite or poison, bringing an end to pharaonic rule in Egypt.