The document discusses the geocentric theory, which was the dominant model of the universe from ancient Greece until the 16th century. It states that under the geocentric theory, Earth is at the center of the universe and all other celestial bodies revolve around it. The theory was first proposed by ancient Greek philosophers like Aristotle and Ptolemy. It was later replaced by Copernicus' heliocentric theory, which placed the Sun at the center. The document provides details on the Ptolemaic system and key figures like Galileo who provided evidence supporting the heliocentric view.