• Invited speaker, Manchester Institute of Innovation Research, Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, 17 February, 2009

1. Knowledge-based national innovation system - A case of South Korea Dr. Han Woo PARK Visiting Research Fellow Oxford Internet Institute, UK Assistant Professor Department of Media & Communication YeungNam University 214-1 Dae-dong, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-749 Republic of Korea [email_address] http://www.hanpark.net This is in collaboration with Min-Ho So, L. Leydesdorff, and M. Thelwall Virtual Knowledge Studio (VKS)

4. Long-term trend of the percentage publications with a Korean address in the SCI

5. Increasing Korean SCI journals

9. Position of Korean SCI journals?

12. Characteristics of R&D programs according to government Government Characteristics of R&D programs related to the TH indicators Park, Jung-Hee (1970-1979) Government’s strong push to run governmental institutes and joint research between universities and public organizations Chun, Doo-Hwan (1980-1987) Merger and acquisition among government-sponsored research institutes; e.g., the integration of the KAIS (Korea Advanced Institute of Science) university and the KIST (Korea Institute of Science and Technology) into the KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) Roh, Tae-Woo (1988-1992) The gradual opening of research organizations in both private and public sectors; e.g., KIST became independent from KAIST in 1989 Kim, Young-Sam (1993-1997) Dominance of governmental agencies from early 1990 to 1997 when Korea started to be subject to International Monetary Fund (IMF) conditions Kim, Dae-Jung (1998-2002) BK21 project started in 1999 to increase the research capacity of universities through large central government subsidies, thus decreasing UIG joint research Roh, Moo-Hyun (2003-2007) Continual promotion of the BK21 and internationalization of R&D, particularly in the academic sector

13. Number of papers by Korean authors in the Science Citation Index and bi- and trilateral relations between TH-sectors within the economy

14. Mutual information in bilateral relations between the TH sectors in Korea

15. The Mutual Information in Two Dimensions : T ij = H i + H j - H ij T ij ≥ 0 The Mutual Information in Three Dimensions: T UIG = H U + H I + H G – H UI – H IG – H UG + H UIG T UIG is potentially negative A negative entropy can be a consequence of the mutual relations at the network level . The configuration then reduces the uncertainty.

16. Mutual information in trilateral Triple Helix relations in Korea

18. Publication patterns in and between TH sectors using the A&HCI Index

19. Mutual information measured in bilateral relations between TH sectors using the SSCI

20. Publication rates of Korean papers and synergy effects among TH sectors on the basis of coauthorship relations in the SSCI

21. Relative position of Korea TH SCI 2002 Number UI UG IG UIG Univers Industry Govt All 683222 17095 116782 4626 5664 556370 41840 234843 USA 238676 7274 40650 1777 2732 206813 18193 68835 EU 250395 4586 54617 1400 2187 204531 11011 99830 UK 66544 1569 14263 360 763 53972 3617 26673 Germany 59630 1181 14986 405 703 50319 2925 24364 France 39973 431 12214 422 585 26663 1826 25721 Scand 30437 592 8757 170 411 26283 1431 13064 Italy 29795 374 7609 79 321 26680 956 10863 Netherlands 17865 328 4663 78 307 15927 859 6762 S. Korea 14931 533 3115 118 183 13163 996 4904 Japan 68338 4303 13297 1113 1481 57345 9892 22776 PR China 28913 381 6408 111 173 24328 728 11103 Taiwan 9572 183 2772 15 59 8608 295 3757 Singapore 3411 110 622 16 53 2978 202 1085 Russia 20723 81 6637 134 157 11486 443 15960 India 12570 109 2180 92 67 7140 459 7486 Brazil 10888 189 2054 45 81 9584 386 3368

22. Source: Science Citation Index 2000 2002 -70.7 -71.0 -45.3 -54.0 -39.6 -42.5 -32.5 -27.6 -32.8 -82.4 -11.0 -18.0 -28.6 -33.7 -18.9 -67.7 -26.8

23. Top 68 title words with cosine ≥ 0.1 for South-Korea Science Citation Index 2002 bio materials organic control medical Co-word network in Korea

24. Top 49 words with cosine ≥ 0.1 for The Netherlands Science Citation Index 2002 cancer biotech Co-word network in the Netherlands

25. Cosine normalized map of 105 co-occurring words in patents (in 2002) with a Dutch address among the assignees or inventors (N Patents = 2,824; Word frequency > 22; cosine ≥ 0.1).

26. Cosine normalized map of 103 co-occurring words in patents (2002) with a Korean address among the assignees or inventors (N Patents is 4,200; Word frequency > 40; cosine ≥ 0.1).

27. Cosine normalized map of 103 co-occurring words in patents (2002) with a Korean address among the assignees or inventors (N Patents is 4,200; Word frequency > 40; cosine ≥ 0.1). info devices coating chips display printing

29. Seoul’s (normalized) centralities and overall network centralization

31. Density values 1974-2006 for all categories, SCI-only, SSCI-only

33. Fragmentation value when one key player, Seoul, is removed

36. Universities in Eurasia (at least 100 hyperlinks)

37. Universities in Asia (at least 20 hyperlinks)

38. Universities in Asia (at least 50 hyperlinks)