The document discusses challenges with existing LTE IoT standards like LTE Cat M1 and NB-IoT in supporting real-time, low power networking. It proposes running the Haystack (DASH7) networking stack concurrently with TCP/IP on the same silicon to enable features like precision indoor location, peer-to-peer networking, and distributed applications while minimizing memory footprint impact. Using reference tags and RF fingerprinting, Haystack can provide indoor location precision of about 1 meter to complement wide area visibility from LTE. Overall Haystack aims to deliver a complete LPWAN-LAN connectivity solution for IoT use cases.

1. Bringing Better Networking
To LTE IoT

2. 2
Challenges In Bridging The LTE IoT Gap
Today, Neither LTE IoT standard supports real-time, low power networking
1. Both LTE Cat M1 and NB-IoT are physical layer only
1. Not a complete networking stack
2. TCP/IP is default networking stack
1. Slow, onerous handshaking and authentication
2. NOT low power
3. Weak P2P and ad hoc networking support
4. Can’t support important IoT use cases

3. 3
The “Haystack Option”
Place parallel, low power real-time networking stack with TCP/IP
• Two stacks that run concurrently on same silicon
• TCP/IP connectivity for conventional WAN comms
• DASH7 connectivity for indoor/LAN applications including indoor
location, P2P/ad hoc networking
• Additional security + other features
• Benefits
• Minimal memory footprint impact. Haystack (DASH7) compiles into
<30KB
• No carrier gateway/base station mods required, DASH7 connectivity is
LAN-based
• Provides viable enterprise market entry strategy for cellular IoT

4. 4
Result: Complete LPWAN-LAN Connectivity
Sample Use Case: Extend Supply Chain Visibility Gaps That WAN’s Can’t Address
WAN provides basic wide
area visibility via GPS,
cellular trilateration
Haystack LAN provides indoor
location where GPS and cellular
trilateration fail
LPWAN Provides Wide Area Location,
Environmental Visibility
Haystack LAN adds to WAN:
‣ Precision, real-time location features
‣ “Hotspot” data transfers
‣ 2-factor authentication
‣ Possible to enable distributed
chain-of-custody features
‣ No extra chips
Haystack Powered LPWAN-LAN Provides Precise Indoor
Location, Environmental Visibility

5. 5
IoT LTE
LoRa SSMSK
• SDR-based 4G basebands that can support a range of
standards from GSM to OFDM-types are capable of being
modified in firmware to support emerging IoT modulations.
• Nearly all emerging IoT modulations (SSMSK) have lineage
from GSM and CDMA specifications, and represent simple
enhancements.
source: http://www.slideshare.net/obamalab/4g-iphone-platform-by-open-wireless-architecture-presentation
Goal: add emerging IoT modulations to 4G
baseband, as a firmware- only solution.
Enabling Haystack via LTE
GMSK Modulation (and others) can be synthesized by 4G/LTE baseband transceiver

6. 6
Haystack Endpoints with LTE CAT M1
LTE CAT M1 and TCP/IP can operate concurrently with DASH7
LTE CAT M1
transceiver
Compact,
low cost,
low-power
LTE-CAT M1/
LAN nodes
LTE CAT M1 spec presently lacks
layers 2-6, but it stipulates
requirements for channel agility and
bursty communication.
The DASH7 stack can run
concurrently with TCP/IP, on the same
hardware.
OSI Layer
7 Application NDEF + UDP/IP + Custom
6 Presentation
DASH7
low power
low latency
ad-hoc star
TCP/IP
high power
high latency
cellular WAN
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link + Adaptive Reed Solomon Encoding
1 Physical MSK Downlink, OFDM uplink

7. 7
Haystack Endpoints with NB-IoT
LTE NB-IoT and TCP/IP can operate concurrently with DASH7
NB-IoT/LTE Cat
NB1 transceiver
Compact,
low cost,
low-power
LTE-Cat-NB1/
LAN nodes
LTE NB-IoT spec presently lacks
layers 2-6, but it stipulates
requirements for channel agility and
bursty communication.
The DASH7 stack can run
concurrently with TCP/IP, on the same
hardware.
OSI Layer
7 Application NDEF + UDP/IP + Custom
6 Presentation
DASH7
low power
low latency
ad-hoc star
TCP/IP
high power
high latency
cellular WAN
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link + Adaptive Reed Solomon Encoding
1 Physical MSK Downlink, OFDM uplink

8. 8
Haystack Endpoints with LoRa
LoRa and LoRaWAN can operate concurrently with DASH7
Semtech LoRa
Transceiver
Compact,
low cost,
low-power
WAN/LAN
nodes
OSI Layer
7 Application AllJoyn + OIC + NDEF + UDP
6 Presentation
DASH7
low power
low latency
ad-hoc star
LoRaWAN
low power
high latency
cellular WAN
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link + Adaptive Reed Solomon Encoding
1 Physical LoRa CSS
The DASH7 stack can run
concurrently with LoRaWAN, on the
same hardware, allowing compliant
LoRaWAN interoperation alongside
higher-throughput, low latency
Haystack DASH7 LAN usage.

9. 9
Real-Time Indoor Location With Haystack
Low-cost reference tags add hi-res indoor location to LTE Cat M1, NB-IoT, & LoRa
Battery-powered
Reference Nodes
Location
Engine
Relative location finding
against fixed nodes,
accuracy to ~1m
Forwarded, derived
relative locationTracker Tag
Installation
Example
Networking
Example
Key Haystack IP
8,774,096
8,867,370
8,885,586
8,976,691
9,042,353
9,154,392
9,191,340

10. 10
Requirement 6lowPAN
LTE
NB-IoT (TCP/IP)
LTE Cat M1
(TCP/IP)
LoRaWAN
Provide Robust
Networking Features ✓ Some
✓ Some
✓
Real-Time Data Collection
❌ ✓ ✓ ❌ ✓
Indoor Location to 1 meter
precision ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌ ✓
Peer-to-Peer, Ad Hoc, Mesh
Networking ✓ ❌ ❌ ❌ ✓
Provide Maximum Practical
Security & Privacy
Some
✓ ✓ ❌ ✓
How LPWAN Stacks Match Up

11. 11
Indoor Location with Haystack

12. 12
AP
1. Access point keeps
network synchronized, and gets
vertex data from users in the
Endpoint 2. Endpoints are mobile, battery-
powered devices
3. Small battery or
USB-powered
“reference nodes”
are placed on fixed
things & places

13. 13
AP
Today, neither LTE Cat M1 or NB-IoT offers a high-precision, real time,
indoor location capability on its own.
But Haystack does this.
Endpoint
Using RSSI & RF “fingerprinting” with scattered
reference nodes: ±1m precision has been observed

14. More Resources:
• www.haystacktechnologies.com
• LoRaWAN vs. Haystack http://bit.ly/2hjJE5T
•The Indoor-Outdoor IoT http://bit.ly/2b65gRQ
•The IoT Hunger Games http://bit.ly/1IkYRtO
•Disrupting the IoT http://bit.ly/2cHRXFH
•Haystack’s open source firmware stack: http://bit.ly/1p5OjJg