Teknik Pemayaan

1. Introduction to Virtualization Khairil Anwar Jusoh Keselamatan ICT Universiti Sains Malaysia khairil@usm.my

2. What is Virtualization? Defines it as an abstraction layer that decouples the physical hardware from the operating system to deliver greater IT resource utilization and flexability Allows multiple Operating Systems to run on a single box if needed Isolation of one computing resource from the others VM (Virtual Machine) originally defined as "an efficient, isolated duplicate of a real machine"

3. What is Virtualization? Virtual Presentation Presentation layer separate from process Presentation and process on same computer Applications installed to OS Operating system installed to hardware Data resides on local computer Network assigned to specific location Virtual Applications Any application on any computer on-demand VS Virtual Machine OS can be assigned to any desktop or server Virtual Data Data resides on the network Virtual Network Localizing dispersed resources

4. Key Features of Virtualization Isolation Partitioning Run multiple virtual machines simultaneously on a single physical server Each virtual machine is isolated from other virtual machines on the same server Hardware Independence Encapsulation Entire virtual machine is saved in files and can be moved and copied by moving and copying files Run a virtual machine on any server without modification

5. Strengths of Virtualization VMs are isolated and secure from the Host server and other VMs. A better solution than having 5 services on 1 server. Most offer the ability to take a snapshot and revert if needed. Useful for testing and bailing yourself out of an issue. It is easy to get a server with 4 procs and 4GB+ of memory now and that will make it easy to have 4 separate VMs that have enough horsepower. Less Servers, Less Power, Less Space, Less Cost. Run multiple OSes on a single server if needed

6. Weaknesses of Virtualization Not as fast as a native install of the OS Hyper-V and VMWare ESX have closed this gap a great deal though If the host server fails, you will lose all VMs It is important to make the host server redundant as possible (power supplies, RAID5, etc) Perception issue of this being a new untested technology If you don’t have control over the issue you might not be able to move forward Might be perceived as emulation In reality it behaves exactly like an actual server

7. Virtualization Motivators 57% Reduce costs Simplify IT infrastructure & admin 48% Increase server utilization 48% 29% Increase scalability of infrastructure 25% Enhance resilience & reliability 16% Improve flexibility to business goals and cycles Improve app performance 15% 11% Automate IT operations Accelerate App Development & deployment 11% 10% Have a single view on the IT environment 9% Manage a heterogeneous server environment Manage a heterogeneous storage environment 6% What apps on what servers. How they relate. 5% Enable a SOA 4% Other 1%

8. Virtualization Across the Organization desktop Virtualization application Virtualization presentation Virtualization Decouple applications from desktop operating systems and deliver on demand Centralize processing and data storage; present the user interface locally Create an additional isolated OS environment on a standard desktop server Virtualization Consolidate workloads for more efficient resource utilization

9. ServerVirtualization

10. Server Virtualization Server virtualization is a hot topic. Encapsulate OS and present “virtual hardware”. Run many OS on single hardware platform. Consolidate underutilized servers. VMware, Microsoft, Citrix (Xen). Architectural Differences.

11. Server Virtualization Server virtualization enables multiple operating systems to run on a single physical machine as virtual machines (VMs) Can consolidate workloads of underutilized server machines onto a smaller number of fully utilized machines Fewer physical machines can lead to reduced costs through lower hardware, energy, and management overhead, plus the creation of a more dynamic IT infrastructure

13. Break dependencies between OS and hardware

14. Manage OS and application as single unit by encapsulating them into VMs

15. 1 physical server can host many VMs

16. VM’s are hardware independent

17. Without Virtualization:

18. Single OS image per machine

19. Software and hardware tightly coupled

20. Running multiple applications on same machine often creates conflict

22. Right-Sizing IT Infrastructure HW HW HW HW HW HW Consolidate… HW HW HW HW HW HW HW HW HW HW HW HW …entire farms of servers and storage… …and dynamically optimize to only consume the resources you need!

23. Always On, Optimized, Energy Efficient Dynamic Resource Scheduling High Availability On-demand Capacity Scale without disruption Reconfigure on the fly Save time Restart immediately when H/W or OS fail Protect all apps Balance workloads Right-size hardware Optimize real time X

24. Consolidating Server, Storage, Network & Facilities Consolidation of servers, storage and networking infrastructure to safely achieve higher utilization BEFORE AFTER 1,000 Direct attach 3000 cables/ports 200 racks 400 power whips Planning expansion 80 Tiered SAN and NAS 300 cables/ports 10 racks 20 power whip Defer/avoid $1k per sq. ft. Servers Storage Network Facilities

25. Challenge of Server Proliferation % CPU Busy (8 LCPVs w/HT) 800 700 725 MW 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 MegaWatts consumed: 100 servers per year Higher Utilization Server Sprawl Low Utilization High Power Consumption Avg. utilization rate/server

26. Customer & Market Perspective Datacenters becoming exponentially more dense The risk of running out of power or space is real Datacenter refresh driven by power/cooling/space Energy cost is consuming more budget and is harder to ignore The divide between IT and facilities is narrowing Environmental impact, gov’t awareness and corporate initiatives on the rise Cost to Power Server Will Soon Exceed Purchase Price

27. Today’s Model is Broken Over-provisioned Capacity Poor forecasting + low flexibility = excess capacity Typical datacenter: 3 years excess server capacity Servers consume >50% of average power when idle Datacenters are outdated and hugely inefficient Cooling servers often requires 2x the power consumed Inefficient Datacenter Design

28. Data Center Power * EIA and ASHRAE data

29. Reduce Costs and Power Consumption 10:1 consolidation = 80-90% less energy For every server virtualized, save… ~RM 2,250 and ~7,000 kWh / year RM 950 in carbon offsets over lifetime 4 tons of CO2 emissions / year Plus Power down underutilized physical servers, saving 40% Desktop management reduces PC power usage 35% / year

30. DesktopVirtualization

31. Multi OS

32. Centralize and Virtual Desktops VMware decouples Desktop image from the device Desktops run in secure datacenter Present Desktop to clients over Network

33. Benefit Benefit: Configure and test desktops and servers in virtual machines before deploying them to production Test new multi-tier applications, service packs, application updates, and OS patches on a single PC Host legacy applications within virtual machines, facilitating OS migrations and eliminating the need to port legacy applications Develop and test applications on multiple operating systems on a single PC Connect virtual machines to simulate and test multi-tier systems Use multiple snapshots and debugging support to facilitate testing Demo or multi-tier configurations on a single laptop in a repeatable, reliable manner Package and deploy classroom materials in virtual machines Allow students to experiment with multiple operating systems, applications and tools in secure, isolated virtual machines Configure virtual machines to “undo” all changes at shutdown

34. ApplicationVirtualization

35. Application Virtualization Self-contained package (exe, layer) Microsoft Word 2007.exe Separation from OS and Application 2000, XP, Vista, Server 2003 and 2008 Sandboxing of file and registry writes Online and offline delivery Like desktop imaging at the app level

36. Application Virtualization Isolated Virtual Application Model TraditionalLayered Install Model

38. Files (including System Files)

39. Registry

40. .ini files

41. Fonts

42. COM / DCOM objects

43. Services

44. Semafores, Mutexes

45. Name spaces

46. Applications do not get 'installed'

47. Applications do not alter the host OS

49. Application Virtualization Disadvantages: Different way of troubleshooting Not all application’s can be virtualized: Applications that are using drivers (such as antivirus, VPN, printer) Applications which are directly integrated in the OS (like IE, OS security updates) Applications with hardware dependancy Application licensing which is machine specific Application virtualization technology Microsoft Softgrid

50. PresentationVirtualization

51. Presentation Virtualization Isolates processing from the graphics and I/O, making it possible to run an application in one location but have it be controlled in another Abstract UI for a virtual user session. It creates virtual sessions, in which the applications executing project their user interfaces remotely Several virtual sessions can use the same installed copy of an application Each session might run only a single application, or it might present its user with a complete desktop offering multiple applications

52. Presentation Virtualization Benefit: Data can be centralized, storing it safely on a central server rather than on multiple desktop machines Improves security Cost of managing applications can be significantly reduced Only the single shared copy on the server needs to be changed Also allows using simpler desktop OS images and specialized desktop devices called thin clients Both of which can lower management costs.

53. Presentation Virtualization No worry about incompatibilities between an application and a desktop OS Presentation virtualization gives you the option of simply running the application on a central server and then making it accessible to clients running any OS Can improve performance. Client/server application that pulls large amounts of data from a central database down to the client If the network link is slow or congested, this application will also be slow

54. Presentation Virtualization

55. Sandbox

56. Sandbox Security mechanism for separating running programs Often used to execute untested code, or untrusted programs from unverified third-parties, suppliers and untrusted users Sandbox typically provides a tightly-controlled set of resources for guest programs to run in Scratch space on disk and memory Sandboxes are a specific example of virtualization Sandbox application Sandboxie iCore Deepfreeze

57. Benefit Secure Web Browsing: Web browser under the sandbox means that all malicious software downloaded by the browser is trapped in the sandbox and can be discarded trivially. Enhanced Privacy: Browsing history, cookies, and cached temporary files collected while Web browsing stay in the sandbox and don't leak into Windows. Secure E-mail: Viruses and other malicious software that might be hiding in your email can't break out of the sandbox and can't infect your real system. Windows Stays Lean: Prevent wear-and-tear in Windows by installing software into an isolated sandbox.

58. Cloud Computing

59. Cloud Computing Cloud computing takes virtualization to the next step Lightweight entry/exit service acquisition model Consumption based pricing Accessible using standard internet protocols Elastic Improved economics due to shared infrastructure

60. How Cloud Computing Works Various providers let you create virtual servers Set up an account, perhaps just with a credit card You create virtual servers ("virtualization") Choose the OS and software each "instance" will have It will run on a large server farm located somewhere You can instantiate more on a few minutes' notice You can shut down instances in a minute or so Receive bill for what you use

61. Advantage Cost Many systems have variable demands Batch processing Web sites with peaks Startups with unknown demand Reduce risk Don't need to buy hardware until you need it More than scalability - elasticity! Rapidly changing health care business Take 3 - 4 months to give a department a server cluster Using EC2, about 5 minutes Scaling back is as important as scaling up

62. Different Types Of Cloud Computing 3 Main Types or Personalities Application/Information – Sometimes referred to as Software-as-a-Service,a wide ranging services delivered via varied business models normally available as public offering. Development – Sometimes referredto as Platform-as-a-Service, application development platforms enable application authoring and runtime environment. Infrastructure – Sometimes referred to as elastic compute clouds or Infrastructure-as-a-Service, virtual hardware made available for varied uses. Public – Accessibleover the internet for general consumption Private – Behind corporate firewall for use by limited, pre-determined audience 2 Main Deployment Environments

63. Deployment Private Cloud App Loads App Loads App Loads App Loads App Loads Management Management Cloud OS Cloud OS Standards Federation & Choice Internal Clouds ExternalClouds

64. Appendix

65. Virtual Applications

66. Virtual Applications

67. Virtual Applications

68. Virtual Applications

69. Questionsand Answers