1. BETWEEN : it is used to select values within a
range.
SELECT column_name FROM table_name
WHERE column_name BETWEEN value1 AND val
ue2;
SELECT column_name FROM table_name
WHERE column_name NOT
BETWEEN value1 AND value2;

2. IN :
select column_name from table_name
where column_name in (value1,value2,...);
Example:
Select * from table_name where address in
(‘delhi’ , ‘mumbai’);

3. Like
It is used only with char and varchar to match a
pattern.
Both % and _ are used with the like operator to
specify a pattern
Select column_name from table_name where
column_name like ‘a%’;
Select column_name from table_name where
column_name like ‘%d’;

4. Show who have exactly 5 characters
select column_name from table_name where
colun_name like ‘_____’ ; --5 underscores
Show all the column value whoes 2nd character
is ‘d’
Select colun_name from table_name where
column_name like ‘_d%’;
Select colum_name from table_name where
column_name like ‘%a%a%’;

5. Count (): counts all the rows
SELECT count(*) FROM table_name;
Sum(): it reurns sum of values from the selected list
of column
select sum(column_name) from table_name;
Max(): it returns the maximum value of the
selected list of item
select max(column_name) from table_name;
Min(): it returns the minimum value of the selected
list of item
select min(column_name) from table_name;

6. Avg(): it returns the average of column valuess
select avg(column_name) from table_name;
lcase() :
Select lcase(column_name) from table_name;
ucase():
Select ucase(column_name) from table_name;
Now(): show current date and time
select now();
Output:
2014-02-20 22:20:08

7. SELECT date_format( now(), '%W, %D, %M,
%Y,%T')
w – day
D – date
M – month
Y- year
T – time
Output:
Thursday, 20th, February, 2014,22:18:19

8. GROUP BY
It is used to group the data. In other word it
divide rows in a table in smaller group.
select dept_no,sum(sal) from employee group
by dept_no;
Here,
Employee - table_name
Dept_no and sal - column_name

9. HAVING
It is used to applied condition on aggregate
functions with group by.
Example:
select dept_no,max(sal) from employee group
by dept_no having sum(sal)>100;