This presentation provides a brief study and fundamental awareness of robotics till year 2020. It also includes a brief history and evolutions of robots. it also includes robotics research institutes in India which deal with innovations and developments.

2. By
Dr. H. A. Tonday
Asst. Professor
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Shreeyash College of Engineering and
Technology, Aurangabad

4. Sophia is a social humanoid robot developed by Hong
Kong based company Hanson Robotics.
Sophia was activated on February 14, 2016.
In October 2017, Sophia became a Saudi Arabian citizen.

5. The ancient Egyptian Queen Nefertiti

6. Robotics Engineering
• It is a field of engineering which deals with the
construction, design, application and operation
of robots.
• Robotics Engineering is an interdisciplinary area
that allow all branches of engineering, science,
and technology.
• The development of Robotic technology follows
the development of Numerical Control.

7. What Are Robots?
• Robots are general-purpose, programmable, and
controllable machine performing certain pre-
defined tasks.
• Perform the duties that humans are either unable
or prefer not to complete.
• Some robots are manufactured to do jobs which
are hazardous to people like exploring mines,
foundry works, defusing bombs, etc.
• The word ‘Robot’ derives from the Czech word
“robota,” which means forced work or labor. The
mechanism behind robots is called “Robotics”.

8. Evolution Of Robots
• In 1920, a science fiction, Czechoslovakian play titled Rossun's
Universal Robots (RUR) by the Czech writer Karel Čapek.
• in the early 1950s by George C. Devol, an inventor from
Louisville, Kentucky. He invented and patented a
reprogrammable manipulator called "Unimate," from "Universal
Automation.“
• In 1962, Unimation, Inc. was founded with Engelberger as
president produced a polar configuration robot.
• Utilized for unloading die casting machine at Ford Motor
Company Plant.
• In 1969 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering student Victor
Scheinman created the Stanford Arm, recognized as the first
electronic computer-controlled robotic arm.
• In 1979, Definition of “Robot” is established by Robot Institute
of America

9. Robotics Engineer
• A professional designer who is responsible for
creating robots and robotic systems is called a
“Robotics Engineer”.
• Through their creations, a robotics engineer
helps to make jobs safer, easier, and more
efficient, in various manufacturing industry.
• A robotics engineer will spend the majority of
their time designing the plans needed to build
robots.

10. Typical Day-to-Day
Duties of Robo Engineer
• Building, configuring, and testing robots
• Designing software systems to control their robotic systems, such
as those robots used for manufacturing
• Designing automated robotic systems that are used to increase the
production and precision levels within a specific industry
• Analyzing and evaluating the prototypes and robotic systems they
have created. This is generally a never-ending task, since
technology is constantly changing and advancing
• Reviewing and approving cost estimates and design calculations
• Serving as technical support for the robotic systems they have
created
• Teaching plans paths to robots
• Performing research into the design, operation and performance of
robotic mechanism components or systems.

11. Robot Anatomy
• Joints: A joint of an industrial robot is similar to
a joint in the human body: It provides
relative motion between two parts of the body.
• Links: Links are the rigid components of the
robot manipulator.
• Connected to each joint are two links, an input
link and an output link.
• The purpose of the joint is to provide
controlled relative movement between the
input link and the output link.

12. Degrees Of Freedom
• Defined modes in which a mechanical device or
system can move.
• The number of degrees of freedom is equal to
the total number of independent displacements
or aspects of motion.
• A machine may operate in two or three
dimensions but have more than three degrees
of freedom.

13. Degrees of Freedom

14. Industrial Robot Motion

15. Industrial Robot
Configurations
• Body-and-Arm Configurations:
– Cartesian coordinate robot
– Polar configuration
– Cylindrical configuration
– SCARA
– Jointed-arm-robot

16. Industrial Robot Configurations

17. Joint Drive Systems
• Electric drive system,
• Hydraulic drive system, and.
• Pneumatic drive system
• Their combinations

18. Intelligent
Control System
• interact with its environment
• make decisions when things go
wrong during the work cycle.
• communicate with humans
• make computations during the
motion cycle.
• Make computations during integration.
• Quick respond to advanced sensor
inputs such as machine vision

19. End Effectors
• Grippers
– mechanical grippers
– vacuum grippers
– magnetized devices
– interchangeable fingers
– Electric grippers,
– hydraulic gripper
– Pneumatic gripper

20. End Effectors

21. End Effectors
• Tools
– spot welding gun
– arc welding tool
– spray painting gun
– cutting tools
– assembly tool
– Others

22. Sensors in
Robotics
• Internal sensors arc those used for controlling
position and velocity of the various joints of
the robot. These sensors form a feedback
control loop with the robot controller.
• External sensors are used to coordinate the
operation of the robot with other equipment
in the cell. In many cases, these external
sensors are relatively simple devices.

23. Sensors in
Robotics
• Tactile sensors:
1) Force sensors 2)Touch sensors
• Proximity sensors
• Optical sensor
• Temperature sensor
• Fluid Pressure sensor
• Machine visions
• fluid flow,
• electrical voltage, current, resistance, and
• various other physical properties.

24. Robot Programming
A robot program can be defined as a path in
space to be followed by the manipulator,
combined with peripheral actions that
support the work cycle.
• Lead Through Programming
• Motion Programming.

25. Programming
Languages
It honestly depends on what kind of robotics that you are
getting into.
• APT Language
• C, C++, Python, JAVA
• MATLAB or OCTAVE
• FANUC Robot Programming
• SIEMENS NX robot programming
• KUKA robot programming
• EDISON robot programming
• ABB robot programming
• Variable Assembly Language (VAL)
• LEGO's NXT

26. Industrial Robot
Applications
• Material Handling Applications
• Manufacturing (Processing) Operations
• Assembly and Inspection
• Transportation
• Packaging and parcels
• Automations
• Dirt cleaning, sewage cleaning etc.

27. World Famous Robots
Industrial robot
Unimate
2-XL Robot
ASIMO
assembly line robot
Welding robots
Domestic robot
AIBO robots
Roomba
Leonardo's robot
Military robots
Cobot
Packaging and labeling
robot
QRIO
MANAV
FEDOR
R.O.B.
OceanOne Robot

28. Questions regarding
Robots
• Largest robot
• According to the Guinness Book Of Records,
the largest walking robot in the world is reported to be
Tradinno, a 15m-long dragon robot weighing 11 tons that was
used in a German.
• Smallest robot:
• The world's smallest flying robot is the 'RoboBee' developed at
the Wyss Institute, Harvard. It's the size of your fingernail The
smallest crawling, untethered micro-robot is only 0.2mm long. It
is powered through a special floor that contains tiny electrodes.
• Which was the first industrial robot?
• Unimate
• What are the Laws of the robotics?
• First law, second law and third law

29. Questions regarding
Robots
• What are the components of a robot?
Power supply
Actuators
Electric motors
Sensors-
Controller
• What is AI? Why do we implement AI in the robots?
Artificial intelligence is a technology which can develop
intelligent devices that can react and work as a human being.
AI includes:
– Speech recognition, Learning, Problem-solving, Planning

30. • Elektro was the first humanoid robot.
• t is estimated that more than one million industrial
robots are in operation today, with the majority being
in Japan.
• There are two robots on Mars - Spirit and Opportunity.
They were built to last 90 days on Mars but they lasted
for several years.
• The United States military has 4,000 robots that are
used for scouting in dangerous countries like Iraq and
Afghanistan.
• A robot vacuum cleaner was invented that is capable of
sensing its environment and cleaning the floor without
human help to move the device.
Facts Of Robots

31. Facts Of Robots
• Star Wars the movie franchise made robots even more
popular in the imagination of people.
• Work is underway to develop a microrobot that will be
capable of performing a biopsy of a patient from the
inside of that patient.
• Some people fear that robots will eventually take over
the world because they will become their own species.
• A robot has been created that uses bacteria-filled fuel
cells.
• The robot is capable of producing electricity from dead
flies to power its battery. It can also use rotten apples
to create fuel.

32. Facts of Robots
• The smallest robot is called a nanobot or
nanrobots. It is less than one-thousandth of a
millimetre.
• Japan's NES System Technologies recently built
a winebot, capable of identifying many
different types of wines and cheeses.
• The new World Robotics report shows that
more than 2.4 million industrial robots are
operating in factories around the world.

33. Industrial Robot
Applications
• Material Handling Applications
• Manufacturing (Processing) Operations
• Assembly and Inspection
• Transportation
• Packaging and parcels
• Automations
• Dirt cleaning, sewage cleaning etc.

34. Robotics Research
Institutes In India
• (AICRA) All India Council for Robotics and Automation,
Delhi.
• Robotics Research Center, IIIT Hyderabad.
• Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore.
• CSIR - Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute,
Durgapur, West Bengal.
• Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (IIT Kanpur).
• Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad (IIIT
Allahabad)
• Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi
• National Institute of Engineering, NIE Mysore.

35. Where We Stand in Robotic
Research?

36. Thank
You